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Ibn al-Shajari
Personal Information
Well-Known AsIbn al-Shajari
Religious AffiliationShia
Socio-Political Activities
Socio-Political
Activities		Naqib of Talibids in Karkh, Baghdad


Hibat Allāh b. ʿAlī al-ʿAlawī al-Ḥasanī (Arabic: هبة‌الله بن علي علوي حسني), known as Ibn al-Shajarī (ابن‌شجري) (b. 450/1058 - d. 542/1148), was a distinguished Shia man of letters and poet whose lineage traced back to Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a). Ibn al-Shajari studied literature (adab), grammar (naḥw), and hadith under prominent masters such as Ibn Tabataba, Al-Khatib al-Tabrizi, and Abu l-Hasan Mubarak. During a teaching career spanning seventy years, he educated numerous renowned grammarians and lexicographers, including Taj al-Din al-Kindi and Abu l-Barakat Ibn al-Anbari.

Ibn al-Shajari authored extensive works in the fields of grammar and rhetoric, most notably Al-Amali, Al-Hamasa, and Mukhtarat shu'ara' al-'Arab. While he also composed poetry, his verse failed to garner appreciation among literary critics and faced censure from certain contemporaries. Ibn al-Shajari died on 26 Ramadan 542/1148 in Baghdad and was interred in the Karkh district.

Biography

Ibn al-Shajari was born in Ramadan 450/1058.[1] His lineage traces back to Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a), and consequently, he is referred to as 'Alawi Hasani. Scholars differ regarding the origin of his cognomen, Ibn al-Shajari; Yaqut al-Hamawi attributes it to the Shajari family on his maternal side,[2] whereas Ibn Khallikan suggests it likely refers to that family or to the village of Shajara near Medina.[3] Ibn al-Shajari died on 26 Ramadan 542/1148 in Baghdad and was buried in Karkh, a predominantly Shia neighborhood of the city.[4]

Education and Teaching

Ibn al-Shajari acquired mastery in the sciences of literature, grammar, and hadith from various authorities, including Yahya b. Tabataba, Al-Khatib al-Tabrizi, Sa'id b. 'Ali al-Sulali, Ibn Faddal al-Mujashi'i, Abu l-Hasan Mubarak b. 'Abd al-Jabbar al-Sayrafi, and Muhammad b. Sa'id b. Nabhan,[5] and he transmitted hadith from Duraysti and Ibn Qudama.[6] It is reported that Ibn al-Shajari maintained his scholarly pursuits well into advanced age.[7] He taught grammar and literature for over 70 years, becoming recognized as one of Baghdad's most prominent grammarians.[8] Additionally, he served for a time as the Naqib of the Talibids in the Karkh quarter of Baghdad, representing al-Tahir Abu 'Abd Allah Ahmad b. Abi l-Hasan al-'Alawi.[9]

Scientific Character

Throughout his teaching career, Ibn al-Shajari trained numerous celebrated figures in grammar and linguistics, such as Taj al-Din al-Kindi, Abu l-Barakat Ibn al-Anbari,[10] and Ibn al-Khashshab.[11] Furthermore, Shaykh Burhan al-Din Hamadani Qazwini and Qutb al-Din al-Rawandi narrated hadith from him.[12] It is said that al-Zamakhshari engaged in a debate with him in Baghdad in the presence of an audience upon his return from Hajj.[13]

Ibn al-Shajari also composed poetry; however, only two brief fragments remain: a five-verse piece and a sixteen-verse excerpt from a *qaṣīda* in praise of the vizier Nizam al-Din Abu Nasr Muzaffar. It appears his poetic output was not held in high regard by men of letters; the Baghdadi poet Hasan b. Ahmad b. Jakina, for instance, satirized his verse.[14][15]

Ibn al-Shajari produced numerous works in the fields of grammar, poetry, and rhetoric, including Al-Amali, Al-Hamasa, Mukhtarat shu'ara' al-'Arab, and Manzumat Ibn al-Shajari. His other contributions include a dictionary of homonyms, Al-Intisar, Sharh al-Tasrif al-Maluki (a commentary on the work by Ibn Jinni), and Sharh al-Luma' (also a commentary on Ibn Jinni).[16]

Notes

  1. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-udabāʾ, 1414 AH, vol. 19, p. 282.
  2. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-udabāʾ, 1414 AH, vol. 19, p. 282.
  3. ↑ Ibn Khallikān, Wafayāt al-aʿyān, 1900, vol. 6, p. 50.
  4. ↑ Qifṭī, Inbāh al-ruwāt, 1406 AH, vol. 3, p. 356.
  5. ↑ Qifṭī, Inbāh al-ruwāt, 1406 AH, vol. 3, p. 356; Ibn Khallikān, Wafayāt al-aʿyān, 1900, vol. 6, p. 46.
  6. ↑ Afandī, Riyāḍ al-ʿulamāʾ, 1401 AH, vol. 5, p. 318.
  7. ↑ Dhahabī, al-ʿIbar fī khabar man ghabar, 1405 AH, vol. 2, p. 463.
  8. ↑ Ibn al-Anbārī, Nuzhat al-awliyāʾ, 1405 AH, p. 300; Ibn Kathīr, al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya, 1407 AH, vol. 11, p. 223.
  9. ↑ Ibn al-Anbārī, Nuzhat al-awliyāʾ, 1405 AH, p. 300; Ibn Kathīr, al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya, 1407 AH, vol. 11, p. 223.
  10. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-udabāʾ, 1414 AH, vol. 19, p. 283; Ibn al-Anbārī, Nuzhat al-awliyāʾ, 1405 AH, p. 286.
  11. ↑ Fīrūzābādī, al-Bulgha, 1421 AH, p. 308.
  12. ↑ Afandī, Riyāḍ al-ʿulamāʾ, 1401 AH, vol. 5, p. 318.
  13. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-udabāʾ, 1400 AH, vol. 19, p. 128; Ibn Khallikān, Wafayāt al-aʿyān, vol. 6, p. 46.
  14. ↑ Ibn Khallikān, Wafayāt al-aʿyān, 1900, vol. 6, p. 49; Ibn Shākir al-Kutbī, Fawāt al-wafayāt, 1352 Sh, vol. 1, p. 321.
  15. ↑ Ibn Jakina criticized him in poems and in a verse addressed to him said: "You have nothing from your grandfather, the Prophet (s) ... except that poetry does not befit you" (referring to Qur'an 36:69: "We did not teach him poetry, nor does it befit him"). (Ibn Shākir al-Kutbī, Fawāt al-wafayāt, 1352 Sh, vol. 1, p. 321.)
  16. ↑ Qifṭī, Inbāh al-ruwāt, 1406 AH, vol. 3, p. 356.

References

  • Afandī, ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿĪsā, Riyāḍ al-ʿulamāʾ wa ḥiyāḍ al-fuḍalāʾ, edited by Aḥmad Ḥusaynī Eshkavarī, Qom, Kitābkhāna-yi ʿUmūmī-yi Ḥaḍrat-i Āyatullāh al-ʿUẓmā Marʿashī Najafī, 1401 AH.
  • Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad, al-ʿIbar fī khabar man ghabar, edited by Muḥammad Saʿīd b. Basyūnī, Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1405 AH.
  • Fīrūzābādī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb, al-Bulgha fī tarājim aʾimmat al-naḥw wa l-lugha, edited by Muḥammad Miṣrī, Damascus, Dār Saʿd al-Dīn, 1421 AH.
  • Ibn al-Anbārī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad, Nuzhat al-awliyāʾ fī ṭabaqāt al-udabāʾ, edited by Ibrāhīm al-Sāmarraʾī, Jordan, Maktabat al-Manār, 3rd edition, 1405 AH.
  • Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar, al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya, Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1407 AH.
  • Ibn Khallikān, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad, Wafayāt al-aʿyān wa anbāʾ abnāʾ al-zamān, edited by Iḥsān ʿAbbās, Beirut, Nashr-i Dār Ṣādir, 1900.
  • Ibn Shākir al-Kutbī, Muḥammad, Fawāt al-wafayāt wa l-dhayl ʿalayhā, edited by Iḥsān ʿAbbās, Beirut, Dār Ṣādir, 1352 Sh.
  • Qifṭī, ʿAlī b. Yūsuf, Inbāh al-ruwāt ʿalā anbāh al-nuḥāt, edited by Muḥammad Abū l-Faḍl Ibrāhīm, Cairo, Dār al-Fikr al-ʿArabī, 1406 AH.
  • Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-udabāʾ, Beirut, 1414 AH.
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