Qur'an 5:1
| Verse's Information | |
|---|---|
| Name | Verse of Fulfillment of Obligations |
| Sura | al-Ma'ida (Qur'an 5) |
| Verse | 1 |
| Juz' | 6 |
| Topic | Obligation to fulfill covenants |
Qur'an 5:1, known as Verse of Fulfillment of Obligations (Arabic: آية وجوب الوفاء), is the first verse of Sura al-Ma'ida and one of the Ayat al-Ahkam in the Quran[1] which contains the command of fulfillment of covenants and pacts.[2] According to exegetes, the word "al-ʿuqūd" (the contracts) in this verse is general and includes all irrevocable and revocable contracts;[3] as a result, any type of pact and treaty concluded between two or more persons is binding.[4] In the view of Allama Tabataba'i, the verse is not exclusive to contracts current among people or obligations a person makes necessary upon himself, but rather it also includes all Divine covenants, such as obligations servants have towards God in the field of Tawhid and acts of worship, as well as all transactions that religion has established or endorsed.[5]
| “ | ” | |
| — Qur'an 5: 1 | ||
According to the famous view of jurists (Faqih), the jurisprudential application of the Verse of Fulfillment of Obligations applies where there is assurance about the correctness of the contract from the Shari'a perspective.[6] Therefore, if we doubt the legitimacy of a contract—for example, we do not know if usury (riba) between a child and their mother is correct or not, or we doubt the permissibility (hilliyyat) or prohibition (hurmat) of an act, such as the permissibility of smoking—one cannot rule on the correctness of that usurious transaction or the permissibility of smoking using this verse. Rather, regarding any matter whose legitimacy has been proven before the contract and agreement, the verse "awfu bi-l-'uqud" (fulfill the obligations) expresses its binding nature.[7]
Notes
- ↑ Mughniyya, Tafsīr-i kāshif, vol. 3, p. 19.
- ↑ Shahīdī, Hidāyat al-ṭālib, vol. 2, p. 298; Muẓaffar, Ḥāshiyat al-makāsib, p. 47; Tabrīzī, Irshād al-ṭālib, vol. 3, p. 51; Ṭabāṭabāʾī Qummī, Al-Ghāyat al-quṣwā, p. 117; Mīlānī, Kitāb al-bayʿ, vol. 2, p. 87.
- ↑ Shahīd al-Thānī, Masālik al-afhām, vol. 10, p. 433.
- ↑ Riḍāʾī, Tafsīr-i Qurʾān-i Mihr, vol. 2, p. 570.
- ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Al-Mīzān, vol. 5, pp. 158-159.
- ↑ Rāwandī, Fiqh al-Qurʾān, vol. 1, p. 193; Shubayrī Zanjānī, Kitāb al-nikāḥ, vol. 13, p. 4452.
- ↑ Shubayrī Zanjānī, Kitāb al-nikāḥ, vol. 13, p. 4452.
References
- Mīlānī, Muḥammad Hādī. Kitāb al-bayʿ. Annotator: ʿAlī Ḥusaynī Mīlānī. Qom, Markaz al-Ḥaqāʾiq al-Islāmiyya, 1423 AH.
- Mughniyya, Muḥammad Jawād. Tafsīr-i kāshif. Translated by Mūsā Dānish. Qom, Mūʾassasa-yi Būstān-i Kitāb, 1383 Sh/2004-05.
- Muẓaffar, Muḥammad Riḍā. Ḥāshiyat al-makāsib. Edited by Jaʿfar Kawtharānī. N.p, Nashr-i Ḥabīb, n.d.
- Rāwandī, Saʿīd b. Hibat Allāh... al-Quṭb al-. Fiqh al-Qurʾān. Edited by Aḥmad Ḥusaynī Ashkawrī. Qom, Kitābkhāna-yi ʿUmūmī-yi Ḥaḍrat-i Āyatullāh al-ʿUẓmā Marʿashī Najafī, 1405 AH.
- Riḍāʾī Iṣfahānī, Muḥammad ʿAlī. Tafsīr-i Qurʾān-i Mihr. Qom, ʿAṣr-i Ẓuhūr, 1389 Sh/2010-11.
- Shahīd al-Thānī, Zayn al-Dīn b. ʿAlī al-. Masālik al-afhām ilā tanqīḥ sharāʾiʿ al-Islām. Qom, Muʾassasat al-Maʿārif al-Islāmiyya, 1413 AH.
- Shahīdī Tabrīzī, Mīr Fattāḥ. Hidāyat al-ṭālib ilā asrār al-makāsib. Edited by Aḥmad Mīrzāʾāqā. Qom, Dār al-Kitāb, n.d.* Shubayrī Zanjānī, Mūsā. Kitāb al-nikāḥ. Qom, Muʾassasa-yi Pizhūhishī-yi Rāy Pardāz, n.d.
- Ṭabāṭabāʾī Qummī, Taqī. Al-Ghāyat al-quṣwā fī l-taʿlīq ʿalā l-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā kitāb al-muḍāraba. Qom, Maḥallātī, 1423 AH.
- Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Qom, Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1417 AH.
- Tabrīzī, Jawād. Irshād al-ṭālib fī sharḥ al-makāsib. Qom, Dār al-Ṣadīqa al-Shahīda, 1389 Sh/2010-11.