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'Iddatun min ashabina

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ʿIddatun min aṣḥābinā (Arabic: عِدَّةٌ مِنْ‏ اَصْحَابِنَا; a number of our companions) or Jamāʿatun min aṣḥābinā (Arabic: جَماعَةٌ مِنْ اَصْحابِنا; a group of our companions) is a term in Hadith sciences used to shorten the chain of transmission (Sanad) instead of mentioning the names of all narrators. This express was an innovation of al-Kulayni and has been used in the chains of transmission of more than four thousand hadiths in the book Al-Kafi.

"Iddatun min ashabina" refers to a group of narrators, some of whose names, such as Ibrahim b. Hashim, are recorded in biographical sources. However, in cases where the names of these narrators are unknown, the hadith is classified as a Mursal narration.

This method was also modeled by Muhaddiths such as al-Shaykh al-Saduq and al-Shaykh al-Tusi, and similar expression have been used in Sunni sources.

Status and Importance

"Iddatun min ashabina" is a term in Hadith sciences[1] and refers to a group of narrators whose names authors of hadith books have absent for brevity in mentioning the chain of transmission.[2] This phrase, considered one of al-Kulayni's innovations in the book Al-Kafi, was later modeled by Muhaddiths such as al-Shaykh al-Saduq and al-Shaykh al-Tusi.[3]

Al-Kulayni used this express instead of mentioning the names of individual narrators and citing multiple chains;[4] such that if the names of the "Idda" (group) are identified, the chain of the hadith can be separated into at least four chains in some cases.[5] According to Hassan Ansari, the author of the article "Method and Manner of Kulayni in Al-Kafi", this expression shows that al-Kulayni had access to multiple documents and sources to access the hadiths of narrators of higher classes.[6]

The phrase "Iddatun min ashabina" has been used in more than four thousand chains of transmission in Al-Kafi[7] and is mostly placed at the beginning of the chains.[8] Sometimes similar phrases such as "Jama'atun min ashabina"[9] and "Ghayru wahidin min ashabina"[10] are also seen in this book. Some Wahhabis consider the existence of this term as a cause for the interruption of the chain,[11] but similar expressions have been used in Sunni sources with phrases such as "Ba'du ashabina"[12] and "Ghayru wahidin min ashabina".[13]

Who Are 'Iddatun min Ashabina?

The identification of narrators in the phrase "Iddatun min ashabina" has been examined in jurisprudential and hadith sources.[14]

Known Narrators

Al-Kulayni mainly used this phrase in chains attributed to Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Isa, Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Barqi, and Sahl b. Ziyad.[15] The names of some of these narrators, such as Ibrahim b. Hashim, have been mentioned in biographical sources like Khulasat al-aqwal by al-'Allama al-Hilli quoting al-Kulayni,[16] and their presence causes the reliability of the chain.[17] However, Ja'far Subhani has quoted from Muhaqqiq Shushtari, a Shi'a Rijal scholar, that some names of the "Idda" narrated by Sahl b. Ziyad have been distorted.[18]

Also, in cases where al-Kulayni mentions the names of narrators along with this phrase, such as "A number of our companions, among them Muhammad b. Yahya al-'Attar," they fall into the category of known narrators.[19]

Unknown Narrators

There are also cases where the names of the narrators are not specified, such as:

  • A number of our companions from Ja'far b. Muhammad
  • A number of our companions from 'Abd Allah b. al-Bazzaz
  • A number of our companions from Sa'd b. 'Abd Allah
  • A number of our companions from Muhammad b. 'Isa.[20]

In such cases, some Rijal scholars classify these narrations as Mursal narrations,[21] although al-Shaykh al-Hurr al-'Amili disagrees with this view.[22] According to Akbar Turabi Shahridai, a researcher in Rijal, if this phrase is placed in the middle or end of the chain and al-Kulayni's intention is not clearly specified, the narration is considered Mursal due to the lack of verification of the reliability of the narrators.[23]

Notes

  1. ↑ Mujtahidī & Jalālī, "Ravish-shināsī-yi tadvīn-i aḥādīth-i Kulaynī dar Kāfī", p. 4523.
  2. ↑ Qanbarī, Shinākht-nāma-yi Kulaynī wa l-Kāfī, vol. 1, p. 403.
  3. ↑ Mujtahidī & Jalālī, "Ravish-shināsī-yi tadvīn-i aḥādīth-i Kulaynī dar Kāfī", p. 4523.
  4. ↑ "ʿIddatun min aṣḥābinā dar asnād-i Kāfī".
  5. ↑ "ʿIddatun min aṣḥābinā dar asnād-i Kāfī"; Turābī Shahriḍāyī, Pazhūhashī dar ʿilm-i rijāl, pp. 402-406.
  6. ↑ Anṣārī, "Ravish wa shīva-yi Kulaynī dar al-Kāfī".
  7. ↑ Turābī Shahriḍāyī, Pazhūhashī dar ʿilm-i rijāl, p. 401.
  8. ↑ Turābī Shahriḍāyī, Pazhūhashī dar ʿilm-i rijāl, pp. 401-407.
  9. ↑ Turābī Shahriḍāyī, Pazhūhashī dar ʿilm-i rijāl, p. 401.
  10. ↑ Subḥānī, Kulliyyāt fī ʿilm al-rijāl, p. 449.
  11. ↑ Yazdānī, "'ʿIddatun min aṣḥābinā' dar kitāb-i Kāfī wa mushābih-i ān dar Bukhārī wa Muslim".
  12. ↑ Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, vol. 2, p. 100.
  13. ↑ Naysābūrī, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, vol. 3, p. 1191.
  14. ↑ Nūrī, Mustadrak al-wasāʾil, vol. 21, pp. 507-534; Subḥānī, Kulliyyāt fī ʿilm al-rijāl, p. 444; Turābī Shahriḍāyī, Pazhūhashī dar ʿilm-i rijāl, p. 401; "Jalasa-yi sīzdahum-kitāb-i Kāfī".
  15. ↑ Najāshī, Rijāl al-Najāshī, p. 378; 'Allāma al-Ḥillī, Rijāl al-ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī, pp. 271-272; Turābī Shahriḍāyī, Pazhūhashī dar ʿilm-i rijāl, pp. 402-406.
  16. ↑ 'Allāma al-Ḥillī, Rijāl al-ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī, p. 271.
  17. ↑ Turābī Shahriḍāyī, Pazhūhashī dar ʿilm-i rijāl, pp. 402-406; Nūrmufīdī, "Jalasa-yi sīzdahum-kitāb-i Kāfī".
  18. ↑ Subḥānī, Kulliyyāt fī ʿilm al-rijāl, p. 445.
  19. ↑ Subḥānī, Kulliyyāt fī ʿilm al-rijāl, p. 444.
  20. ↑ "ʿIddatun min aṣḥābinā dar asnād-i Kāfī".
  21. ↑ "ʿIddatun min aṣḥābinā dar asnād-i Kāfī"; Turābī Shahriḍāyī, Pazhūhashī dar ʿilm-i rijāl, p. 406.
  22. ↑ Rabbānī, "Ravish-shināsī-yi tadvīn-i ḥadīth dar Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa", p. 196.
  23. ↑ Turābī Shahriḍāyī, Pazhūhashī dar ʿilm-i rijāl, p. 406.

References

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  • Anṣārī, Ḥasan. "Ravish wa shīva-yi Kulaynī dar al-Kāfī". Barrasīhā-yi Tārīkhī Website. Accessed 9 Mihr 1404 Sh.
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  • "ʿIddatun min aṣḥābinā dar asnād-i Kāfī". Madrasa-yi Fiqhī-yi Imām Muḥammad Bāqir (a). Published 9 Isfand 1394 Sh. Accessed 31 Shahrivar 1404 Sh.
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