Draft:Tasnīm
Tasnīm (Arabic: تَسنیم) is the name of a fountain in Paradise designated for those nearest to God (al-Muqarrabūn).[1] According to the Qur'an, believers recline on thrones within blessed divine gardens, where they are quenched with a sealed nectar known as Rahiq. The seal of this drink is musk, a prize the Qur'an describes as worthy of aspiration and competition among believers.[2] This nectar is tempered with Tasnīm.[3]
According to Allameh Tabataba'i, the fountain of Tasnīm is superior to the nectar of Rahīq. He argues that the addition of Tasnīm enhances the delight of the drink, noting that those nearest to God drink directly from this fountain. Consequently, their spiritual station surpasses that of the Righteous (al-Abrār), who only partake of the Rahīq. However, Tabataba'i notes that the mere mixing of Rahīq with Tasnīm, and the Qur'anic description thereof, does not inherently establish superiority unless corroborated by narrations or a semantic comparison between the terms Muqarrabūn and Abrār.[4]
Certain sources describe Tasnīm as a river flowing through the air, descending into the vessels of the inhabitants of Paradise at their will.[5] Ibn 'Abbas and Ibn Mas'ud narrated that Tasnīm is a water flowing from beneath the 'Arsh (Divine Throne). Regarded as the finest drink in Paradise, this fountain is cited as an instance of Qur'an 32:17: "No soul knows what has been hidden for them of comfort for eyes".[6]
Maraghi, author of the exegesis Al-Maraghi, posits that neither Qur'anic verses nor the majority of exegetical works definitively establish whether Tasnīm consists of water or another substance; nevertheless, some exegetes and translators have inadvertently appended the word "water" to the name Tasnīm.[7]
Notes
- ↑ Qur'an 83:27-28.
- ↑ Qur'an 83:26.
- ↑ Qur'an 83:27-28.
- ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Al-Mīzān, 1417 AH, vol. 20, p. 239.
- ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1415 AH, vol. 10, p. 693.
- ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1415 AH, vol. 10, p. 693; Maybudī, Kashf al-asrār, 1371 Sh, vol. 10, p. 419; Abū l-Futūḥ Rāzī, Rawḍ al-jinān, 1408 AH, vol. 20, pp. 191-192.
- ↑ See: Marāghī, Tafsīr al-Marāghī, 1985, vol. 30, p. 82.
References
- Abū l-Futūḥ Rāzī, Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī, Rawḍ al-jinān wa rūḥ al-janān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, ed. Muḥammad Jaʿfar Yāḥaqqī & Muḥammad Mahdī Nāṣiḥ, Mashhad, Bunyād-i Pizhūhishhā-yi Islāmī-yi Āstān-i Quds-i Raḍawī, 1408 AH.
- Al-Sharīf al-Raḍī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥusayn, Nahj al-balāgha, ed. Ṣubḥī Ṣāliḥ, Qom, Nashr-i Hijrat, 1st ed., 1414 AH.
- Azharī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad, Tahdhīb al-lugha, Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1421 AH.
- Marāghī, Aḥmad Muṣṭafā, Tafsīr al-Marāghī, Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1985.
- Maybudī, Aḥmad, Kashf al-asrār wa ʿuddat al-abrār, ed. ʿAlī Aṣghar Ḥikmat, Tehran, Amīrkabīr, 5th ed., 1371 Sh.
- Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn, Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Qom, Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1417 AH.
- Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan, Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Beirut, Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1st ed., 1415 AH.