Musharata

Priority: c, Quality: b
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Ethics


Moral Verses
Ifk VersesAl-Ukhuwwa VerseAl-It'am VerseAl-Naba' VerseNajwa VerseVerse of TrustsAl-Sulh Verse


Moral Hadiths
Hadith of qurb al-nawafilHadith Makarim al-akhlaqHadith of Mi'rajHadith Junud al-'Aql wa l-Jahl


Moral Virtues
HumilityContentmentGenerosityControlling AngerTruthfulnessHilm (forbearance)AsceticismBraveryChastityInsaf (Equity) • Silat al-RahimWara'Islah dhat al-bayn


Moral Vices
HubrisGreedEnvyLieBackbitingNamima (Talebearing)MiserlinessDisobedience to Parents'Ujb (self-conceit)Sum'aCutting blood relationSpreading grave sinsIngratitudeHypocrisyTabdhir


Moral Terminologies
Jihad with the selfSelf-critical soulCommanding SoulSoul at peaceSelf-reckoningMuraqabaMusharataSinMorality lessonsIstidraj


Scholars of Ethics
Muhammad Mahdi NaraqiAhmad al-NaraqiSayyid 'Ali Qadi Tabataba'iSayyid Rida Baha' al-DiniSayyid 'Abd al-Husayn DastghaybMuhammad Taqi Bahjat


References of Ethics

Qur'anNahj al-balaghaMisbah al-shari'a wa miftah al-haqiqaMakarim al-AkhlaqAl-Mahajjat al-bayda'Tanbih al-khawatir wa nuzhat al-nawazirJami' al-sa'adatMi'raj al-sa'adaAl-Muraqabat

Mushāraṭa (Arabic: مُشارَطَة) is setting out conditions by a person for himself to do good deeds and avoid bad deeds. According to the views of the teachers of ethics, musharata is the first step of the three steps of musharata, muraqaba and muhasaba for personal observation over daily actions.

Method

In musharata, one should set out a condition for himself and decide not to act against God's orders and fully adheres to obedience of God and makes efforts to do good deeds.[1] About musharata, scholars of ethics believe that it is better that every person thinks to himself after fajr prayer for a while, practices musharata and tells himself like a businessman to his business partner, "I don’t have any goods other than my life and if it is lost, my capital is wasted and I’d be disappointed of any business."[2]

In the Qur'an and Hadiths

The word and action of musharata is not mentioned explicitly in the Qur'an or hadiths of Infallible Imams (a), but the message of some verses and hadiths indicate musharata.

From the verses of the Qur'an, it can be deduced that the companions of the Prophet (s) had some covenants with God about important issues which were an example of musharata. It is mentioned in Qur'an 33:23, "Among the faithful are men who fulfill what they have pledged to Allah: there are some among them who have fulfilled their pledge, and some of them who still wait, and they have not changed in the least".[3]

In a hadith from the Prophet (s), it is mentioned, "every day, all the limbs of the body warn the tongue and tell it, ‘observe God-wariness about us! Because, if you are correct, we will be correct and if you are wrong, we will go wrong.’"[4]

In supplication 31st of al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya, Imam al-Sajjad (a) states before God, "O God! I have set out a condition [for myself] before You that I do not return to what You do not like, and I guarantee not to return to what you have disapporved and I promise that I keep away from all the sins."[5]

See Also

Notes

  1. Mūsawī Khomeinī, Sharḥ-i chihil ḥadīth (Arbaʿīn ḥadīth), p. 28; Narāqī, Jāmiʿ al-saʿādāt, vol. 3, p. 93.
  2. Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, Maḥajjat al-Bayḍāʾ fī tahdhīb al-aḥyāʾ, p. 187; Narāqī, Jāmiʿ al-saʿādāt, vol. 3, p. 93.
  3. Makārim Shīrāzī, Akhlāq dar Qurʾān, p. 248.
  4. Narāqī, Jāmiʿ al-saʿādāt, vol. 2, p. 352.
  5. Makārim Shīrāzī, Akhlāq dar Qurʾān, p. 248.

References

  • Qurʾān Karim
  • Al-Ṣaḥīfa al-Sajjādīyya
  • Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, Muḥammad b. Shāh Murtaḍā. Maḥajjat al-Bayḍāʾ fī tahdhīb al-aḥyāʾ. Translated to Farsi by Muḥammad Ṣādiq Ārif. Mashhad: Āstān-i Quds-i Raḍawī, 1379 Sh.
  • Mūsawī Khomeinī, Sayyid Ruḥ Allāh. Sharḥ-i chihil ḥadīth (Arbaʿīn ḥadīth). Qom: Muʾassisa-yi Tanẓīm wa Nashr-i Āthār-i Imām Khomeinī, 1386 Sh.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Akhlāq dar Qurʾān. Qom: Muʾassisa-yi Imām ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib (a), 1385 Sh.
  • Narāqī, Mahdī b. Abī Dhar. Jāmiʿ al-saʿādāt. 4th edition. Najaf: Manshūrāt Jāmiʿat al-Najaf, [n.d].