Qasd al-Raja'
Qaṣd al-Rajāʾ (Arabic: قصد الرجاء, lit. intention of hope), as opposed to Qasd al-Wurud, is a type of Niyya (intention) in which the Mukallaf (duty-bound person) performs an action not with the certainty that it is definitely pleasing to God and approved by the Prophet (s) or the Infallible Imams (a), but solely with the intention that God might accept it and they might receive reward for it.[1] Jurisprudential issues, such as prayer[2] and Hajj,[3] discuss Qasd al-Raja', usually expressing it with the term "Rajāʾan" (hopingly).[4]
According to Shi'a jurists, in cases where there is no valid Shar'i proof (al-Dalil al-Shar'i) for the recommendation or dislike of an action, and there are only weak or unreliable narrations supporting it, performing or abandoning the action with Qasd al-Wurud (with the intention that it is a specific religious prescript) is not permissible and is considered Bid'a (innovation).[5] However, performing such actions based on these very proofs with the intention of Raja' (hope for reward) is permissible.[6]
For example, some jurists such as Sayyid Abu l-Qasim al-Khoei, al-Sayyid Ali al-Sistani, and Nasir Makarim Shirazi do not accept the specific recommendation of Ghusl al-Ziyara and consider its performance valid only with Qasd al-Raja'.[7] Also, according to the fatwa of jurists, I'tikaf must be performed in one of the four mosques: Masjid al-Haram, Masjid al-Nabi, Masjid al-Kufa, or the Great Mosque of Basra. Performing it in other Jami' Mosques (central mosques of cities) must be done with Qasd al-Rajja' based on Obligatory Caution.[8]
See Also
Notes
- ↑ Muʾassisa-yi Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif-i Fiqh-i Islāmī, Farhang-i fiqh, vol. 6, p. 616.
- ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā, vol. 3, p. 401.
- ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Manāsik-i ʿumra-yi mufrada, p. 297.
- ↑ Fāḍil Lankarānī, Jāmiʿ al-masāʾil, vol. 2, p. 172.
- ↑ See: Khūʾī, Mawsūʿat al-Imām al-Khūʾī, vol. 19, p. 231; Sabzawārī, Muhadhdhab al-aḥkām, vol. 6, p. 58.
- ↑ Fāḍil Lankarānī, Jāmiʿ al-masāʾil, vol. 2, p. 172.
- ↑ Rāshidī, Risāla-yi tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil-i 9 marjaʿ, pp. 367-368.
- ↑ Imām Khumaynī, Taḥrīr al-wasīla, vol. 1, p. 288.
References
- Fāḍil Lankarānī, Muḥammad. Jāmiʿ al-masāʾil. Qom, Nashr-i Amīr, 11th ed., 1383 Sh.
- Imām Khumaynī, Sayyid Rūḥ Allāh. Taḥrīr al-wasīla. Tehran, Muʾassisa-yi Tanẓīm wa Nashr-i Āthār-i Imām Khumaynī, 1392 Sh.
- Khūʾī, Sayyid Abū l-Qāsim al-. Mawsūʿat al-Imām al-Khūʾī. Qom, Nashr-i Tawḥīd, 1418 AH.
- Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Manāsik-i ʿumra-yi mufrada. Ed. Masʿūd Makārim. Qom, Madrasat al-Imām ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib (a), 3rd ed., 1428 AH.
- Muʾassisa-yi Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif-i Fiqh-i Islāmī. Farhang-i fiqh muṭābiq-i madhhab-i Ahl al-Bayt (a). Supervised by Sayyid Maḥmūd Hāshimī Shāhrūdī. Qom, Muʾassisa-yi Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif-i Fiqh-i Islāmī, 1385 Sh.
- Rāshidī, Laṭīf & Saʿīd Rāshidī. Risāla-yi tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil-i 9 marjaʿ. Qom, Intishārāt-i Payām-i ʿAdālat, 1st ed., 1385 Sh.
- Sabzawārī, Sayyid ʿAbd al-Aʿlā. Muhadhdhab al-aḥkām. Qom, Dār al-Tafsīr, 1388 Sh.
- Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, Sayyid Muḥammad Kāẓim. Al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā fīmā taʿumm bihī al-balwā. Ed. Aḥmad Muḥsinī Sabzawārī. Qom, Daftar-i Nashr-i Islāmī, 1419 AH.