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''' | '''Verse of Ḥijāb''' (Arabic: {{ia|آيَة الحِجاب}}) talks about the [[obligation]] of women to wear [[hijab]]. This [[verse]] is one of the Qur'anic arguments of the [[jurists]] for the obligation of hijab. Also, some jurists based on the phrase "beyond what is [acceptably] visible" in this verse, said that it is not obligatory for a woman to cover her face and hands from the wrist down. | ||
Other verses are also known as verses of hijab. Among them is [[Qur'an 33]]:59, which is called the [[verse of Jilbab]]. | Other verses are also known as verses of hijab. Among them is [[Qur'an 33]]:59, which is called the [[verse of Jilbab]]. | ||
==Text and | ==Text and Translation== | ||
Verse | Verse thirty-one of [[Quran 24]] is known as the verse of hijab.<ref>See: ''Dāʾirat al-maʿārif-i Qurʾān-i karīm'', vol. 1, p. 381; Group of Authors, ''Farhangnāma-yi ʿulūm-i Qurʾānī'', p. 129.</ref> They say that with the [[revelation]] of this verse, hijab became [[obligatory]] for women.<ref>Saʿīdī, ''Ḥijāb'', p. 604.</ref> | ||
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{{center|{{ia|'''وَقُل لِلمُؤمِناتِ يَغضُضنَ مِن أَبصارِهِنَّ وَيَحفَظنَ فُروجَهُنَّ وَلا يُبدينَ زينَتَهُنَّ إِلّا ما ظَهَرَ مِنها ۖ وَليَضرِبنَ بِخُمُرِهِنَّ عَلىٰ جُيوبِهِنَّ ۖ وَلا يُبدينَ زينَتَهُنَّ إِلّا لِبُعولَتِهِنَّ أَو آبائِهِنَّ أَو آباءِ بُعولَتِهِنَّ أَو أَبنائِهِنَّ أَو أَبناءِ بُعولَتِهِنَّ أَو إِخوانِهِنَّ أَو بَني إِخوانِهِنَّ أَو بَني أَخَواتِهِنَّ أَو نِسائِهِنَّ أَو ما مَلَكَت أَيمانُهُنَّ أَوِ التّابِعينَ غَيرِ أُولِي الإِربَةِ مِنَ الرِّجالِ أَوِ الطِّفلِ الَّذينَ لَم يَظهَروا عَلىٰ عَوراتِ النِّساءِ ۖ وَلا يَضرِبنَ بِأَرجُلِهِنَّ لِيُعلَمَ ما يُخفينَ مِن زينَتِهِنَّ ۚ وَتوبوا إِلَى اللَّهِ جَميعًا أَيُّهَ المُؤمِنونَ لَعَلَّكُم تُفلِحونَ'''}}}} | {{center|{{ia|'''وَقُل لِلمُؤمِناتِ يَغضُضنَ مِن أَبصارِهِنَّ وَيَحفَظنَ فُروجَهُنَّ وَلا يُبدينَ زينَتَهُنَّ إِلّا ما ظَهَرَ مِنها ۖ وَليَضرِبنَ بِخُمُرِهِنَّ عَلىٰ جُيوبِهِنَّ ۖ وَلا يُبدينَ زينَتَهُنَّ إِلّا لِبُعولَتِهِنَّ أَو آبائِهِنَّ أَو آباءِ بُعولَتِهِنَّ أَو أَبنائِهِنَّ أَو أَبناءِ بُعولَتِهِنَّ أَو إِخوانِهِنَّ أَو بَني إِخوانِهِنَّ أَو بَني أَخَواتِهِنَّ أَو نِسائِهِنَّ أَو ما مَلَكَت أَيمانُهُنَّ أَوِ التّابِعينَ غَيرِ أُولِي الإِربَةِ مِنَ الرِّجالِ أَوِ الطِّفلِ الَّذينَ لَم يَظهَروا عَلىٰ عَوراتِ النِّساءِ ۖ وَلا يَضرِبنَ بِأَرجُلِهِنَّ لِيُعلَمَ ما يُخفينَ مِن زينَتِهِنَّ ۚ وَتوبوا إِلَى اللَّهِ جَميعًا أَيُّهَ المُؤمِنونَ لَعَلَّكُم تُفلِحونَ'''}}}} | ||
And tell the faithful women to cast down their looks and to guard their private parts, and not to display their charms, except for what is outward, and let them draw their scarfs over their bosoms, and not display their charms except to their husbands, or their fathers, or their husband’s fathers, or their sons, or their husband’s sons, or their brothers, or their | And tell the faithful women to cast down their looks and to guard their private parts, and not to display their charms, except for what is outward, and let them draw their scarfs over their bosoms, and not display their charms except to their husbands, or their fathers, or their husband’s fathers, or their sons, or their husband’s sons, or their brothers, or their brother’s sons, or their sister’s sons, or their women, or their slave girls, or male dependants lacking [sexual] desire, or children uninitiated to women’s parts. And let them not thump their feet to make known their hidden ornaments. Rally to Allah in repentance, O faithful, so that you may be felicitous. | ||
|source = Quran 24:31}} | |source = Quran 24:31}} | ||
==Application in | ==Application in Jurisprudence== | ||
In the books of [[ | In the books of [[jurisprudence]], this [[verse]] is mentioned as the reference to explain the obligation of women to wear hijab and some of its [[rulings]], including the limits of hijab.<ref>See: Khoeī, ''Mawsūʿat al-Imām al-Khūʾī'', vol. 32, p. 36-47; Ḥillī, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqahāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 446-447.</ref> According to jurists, the phrase "and not display their charms" indicates the [[obligation]] of hijab for women.<ref>Khoeī, ''Mawsūʿat al-Imām al-Khūʾī'', vol. 32, p. 36.</ref> Also, according to some Shi'a jurists, such as [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]], [[al-Shahid al-Thani]] and [[al-'Allama al-Hilli]], the phrase "beyond what is [acceptably] visible" excludes the face and hands (from the wrists down) from the obligation to cover.<ref>Anṣārī, ''Kitāb al-nikāḥ'', p. 46-47; Shahīd al-Thānī, ''Masālik'', vol. 7, p. 47; Ḥillī, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqahāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 446-447.</ref> | ||
==Occasion of | ==Occasion of Revelation== | ||
Regarding the [[Asbab al-Nuzul|story of the revelation]] of this verse, it has been narrated from [[Jabir b. Abd Allah al-Ansari]] that one day, a group of women went to Asma', daughter of Murshida who did not have proper covering, in such a way that their anklets, necks and breast projection were visible. He became upset by this act and criticized them. Then, the verse of hijab was revealed.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥātam, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm'', vol. 8, p. 2573.</ref> [[Al-Fadl b. al-Hasan al-Tabrisi|Al-Tabrisi]], the exegete of the [[Qur'an]], has also written in this regard that before the [[revelation]] of this verse, women used to wear headscarf in such a way that its tail fell behind them, and therefore their necks and chests were visible.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 7, p. 217.</ref> | Regarding the [[Asbab al-Nuzul|story of the revelation]] of this verse, it has been narrated from [[Jabir b. Abd Allah al-Ansari]] that one day, a group of women went to Asma', daughter of Murshida who did not have proper covering, in such a way that their anklets, necks, and breast projection were visible. He became upset by this act and criticized them. Then, the verse of hijab was revealed.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥātam, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm'', vol. 8, p. 2573.</ref> [[Al-Fadl b. al-Hasan al-Tabrisi|Al-Tabrisi]], the exegete of the [[Qur'an]], has also written in this regard that before the [[revelation]] of this verse, women used to wear headscarf in such a way that its tail fell behind them, and therefore their necks and chests were visible.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 7, p. 217.</ref> | ||
==Interpretation notes== | ==Interpretation notes== | ||
According to [[exegetes]], the meaning of not displaying the charms in the phrase "and not display their charms" is not showing the parts of the body that are usually adorned [such as the ears and the neck], not showing the ornaments alone; because it is not [[forbidden]] to show jewelry alone like earrings.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 7, p. 217; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 15, p. 111.</ref> "Khumur" is the plural of "khimar", which means a cover with which women cover their heads.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 7, p. 217; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 15, p. 112.</ref> In the phrase "and let them draw their scarfs over their bosoms", it is ordered that women put headscarves on their chests so that their hair, ears and necks are not visible.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 7, p. 217.</ref> | According to [[exegetes]], the meaning of not displaying the charms in the phrase "and not display their charms" is not showing the parts of the body that are usually adorned [such as the ears and the neck], not showing the ornaments alone; because it is not [[forbidden]] to show jewelry alone like earrings.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 7, p. 217; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 15, p. 111.</ref> "Khumur" is the plural of "khimar", which means a cover with which women cover their heads.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 7, p. 217; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 15, p. 112.</ref> In the phrase "and let them draw their scarfs over their bosoms", it is ordered that women put headscarves on their chests so that their hair, ears, and necks are not visible.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 7, p. 217.</ref> | ||
==Covering with Jilbab== | ==Covering with Jilbab== | ||
[[Qur'an 33]]:59 also talks about hijab, which is known as the [[verse of jilbab]].<ref> | [[Qur'an 33]]:59 also talks about hijab, which is known as the [[verse of jilbab]].<ref>Group of Authors, ''Farhangnāma-yi ʿulūm-i Qurʾānī'', p. 126.</ref> In this verse, women are asked to cover themselves with jilbab.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 16, p. 339; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 8, p. 581.</ref> Lexicographers have interpreted jilbab as a garment larger than a scarf and smaller than a rida' (overcoat, robe) that women put on their heads and cover their chests.<ref>Ṭurayḥī, ''Majmaʿ al-baḥrayn'', vol. 2, p. 24.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||