Isa b. Yazid al-Jaludi
| Epithet | Isa al-Jaludi |
|---|---|
| Birth | ? |
| Place of Residence | Mecca, Egypt, and Yemen. |
| Death | ? |
| Known for | Commander and a consultant of Harun al-Rashid and al-Ma'mun, Opposer of Imam al-Rida's (a) Succession of al-Ma'mun |
| Notable roles | Governor of Mecca and Yemen |
Isā b. Yazīd al-Jalūdī (Arabic: عیسی بن یزید الجَلودي) was a military commander and a consultant of Harun al-Rashid and al-Ma'mun and a governor of Mecca, Egypt, and Yemen.
He was executed by al-Ma'mun when he refused to pledge his allegiance to Imam al-Rida (a) as the heir to the throne. It is reported that invaded Medina and plundered the houses of the Alids by the command of Harun al-Rashid or al-Ma'mun.
Life
Isa b. Yazid al-Jaludi was a military commander and consultant of Harun al-Rashid and al-Ma'mun.[1] It is said that the title "al-Jaludi" was taken from "Jalud" which was the name of a region in Africa or Syria.[2]
Al-Jaludi's date of birth and demise are not known, but the story of his execution is reported:[3] he refused to pledge his allegiance to Imam al-Rida (a) as the heir to the throne and consequently was arrested and executed by al-Ma'mun.[4] Al-Shaykh al-Saduq reports that Imam al-Rida (a) asked al-Ma'mun to forgive him, but because of his enmity toward the Imam, al-Jaludi thought that Imam al-Rida (a) had asked al-Ma'mun to punish him, so he beseeched al-Ma'mun to do the opposite of what the Imam (a) had asked him. Thus, al-Ma'mun beheaded him.[5]
Historical sources report that al-Jaludi was the governor of Mecca and Yemen by al-Ma'mun's command.[6] Some also report that he became the governor of Egypt by the command of the Tahirid emir Abd Allah b. Tahir in 213/828-9 and a second time toward the end of 214/829-30.[7]
Al-Jaludi fought against Muhammad al-Dibaj in Medina,[8] against Hamdawayh in Yemen,[9] and against Zayd al-Nar in Basra and managed to defeat them.[10]
Opposition to Imam al-Rida (a)
According to al-Ya'quni, Isa b. Yazid al-Jaludi was charged by al-Ma'mun to order the Meccans to pledge their allegiance to Imam al-Rida (a). Thus, he went to Mecca carrying a green cloth and had the Meccans pledge their allegiance to the Imam (a).[11]
Al-Shaykh al-Saduq reports that al-Jaludi later became an enemy of Imam al-Rida (a), and al-Ma'mun imprisoned him for refusing to pledge his allegiance to the Imam (a).[12] In another report, after the martyrdom of Imam al-Kazim (a) and the defeat of Muhammad al-Dibaj, Isa al-Jaludi invaded Medina and plundered the houses of the Alids by the command of Harun al-Rashid or al-Ma'mun. When he reached the house of Imam al-Rida (a), the Imam (a) prevented him from entering his house and told him that he himself would bring what they had inside the house.[13]
Some sources mention that al-Jaludi was charged with taking Imam al-Rida (a) from Medina to Merv,[14] but given al-Jaludi's hostility toward the Imam (a) some scholars have considered this report mistaken and stated that al-Jaludi who was charged with taking the Imam (a) to Merv was a different person than Isa b. Yazid.[15] Abu l-Faraj al-Isfahani also mentions that al-Jaludi who was charged with taking Imam al-Rida (a) to Merv was from Khorasan.[16]
Notes
- ↑ Mufīd, al-Irshād, 1388 SH, vol. 2, p. 203; Ṣadūq, ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā, vol. 2, p. 366-368.
- ↑ Samʿānī, al-Ansāb, vol. 3, p. 307.
- ↑ Ṣadūq, ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā, vol. 2, p. 369.
- ↑ Ṣadūq, ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā, vol. 2, p. 369.
- ↑ Ṣadūq, ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā, vol. 2, p. 369.
- ↑ Fāsī al-Makkī, Shifāʾ al-gharām, vol. 2, p. 288; Yaʿqūbī, Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī, vol. 2, p. 255.
- ↑ Yaʿqūbī, Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī, vol. 2, p. 461; ʿAbbāsī Ṣafdī, Nuzhat al-mālik wa l-mamlūk, p. 96.
- ↑ Mufīd, al-Irshād, 1388 SH, vol. 2, p. 203.
- ↑ Yaʿqūbī, Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī, vol. 2, p. 255.
- ↑ Yūsufī Gharawī, Mawsūʿat al-tārīkh al-Islāmī, vol. 8, p. 38.
- ↑ Yaʿqūbī, Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī, vol. 2, p. 449.
- ↑ Ṣadūq, ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā, vol. 2, p. 366.
- ↑ Ṣadūq, ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā, vol. 2, p. 368.
- ↑ Mufīd, al-Irshād, p. 533.
- ↑ ʿIrfānmanish, Jughrāfīyā-yi tārīkhī-yi hijrat-i Imām Riḍā (a) az Madīna ta Marw, p. 13.
- ↑ Abu l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn, p. 454.
References
- Abu l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn. Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d].
- ʿAbbāsī Ṣafdī, Ḥasan b. ʿAbdullāh. Nuzhat al-mālik wa l-mamlūk fi mukhtaṣar siyar min walī miṣr min al-mamlūk. Edited by ʿUmar ʿAbd al-Salām al-Tadmurī. Beirut: Nashr al-Maktaba al-ʿAṣrīyya, [n.d].
- Fāsī al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām. Translated to Farsi by Muḥammad Muqaddas. Tehran: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1386 SH.
- Ibn Khaldūn, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad. Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn. Translated to Farsi by ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd Āyatī. [n.p]. Muʾassisa-yi Muṭāliʿāt wa Taḥqīqāt-i Farhangī, 1363 Sh.
- ʿIrfānmanish, Jalīl. Jughrāfīyā-yi tārīkhī-yi hijrat-i Imām Riḍā (a) az Madīna ta Marw. Mashhad: Āstān-i Quds-i Raḍawī, 1376 Sh.
- Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. Al-Irshād. Translated by Hāshim Rasūlī. Tehran: Nashr-i-i Islāmīyya, [n.d].
- Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. Al-Irshād. Translated by Mūsawī Mujāb. Qom: Intishārāt-i Sarwar, 1388 SH.
- Samʿānī, ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Muḥammad. Al-Ansāb. Hyderabad: Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmānīyya, 1383 SH.
- Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā. Translated by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Tehran: Nashr-i Ṣadūq, 1373 Sh.
- Ṭabrisī, Ḥasan b. ʿAlī. Manāqib al-ṭāhirīn. Edited by Ḥusayn Dargāhī. Tehran: Nashr-i Rāyzan, 1379 SH.
- Yūsufī Gharawī, Muḥammad Hādī. Mawsūʿat al-tārīkh al-Islāmī. Qom: Majmaʿ al-Fikr al-Islāmī, 1417 AH.
- Yaʿqūbī, Aḥmad b. Abī Yaʿqūb al-. Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, [n.p].