Bani Adam
Banī Ādam (Arabic: بَنی آدَم) means the children of Prophet Adam (a) and the human species. This term consists of two parts: "Bani", the plural of "ibn" meaning child,[1] and "Ādam", meaning the first Adam (Prophet Adam) or the father of humans, or meaning human and mankind.[2]
This term is repeated seven times in the Qur'an, in verses 26, 27, 31, and 35 of Qur'an 7, Qur'an 7:172, Qur'an 17:70, and also Qur'an 36:60.[3] Most Islamic exegetes believe that this term in the Qur'an addresses all human beings, not a specific group or religion. However, some views have restricted it to Muslims.[4] Other exegetes have not accepted this view, because, given the universality of the mission of the Prophet of Islam, this address also encompasses all human beings.[5] Some have stated that since the meaning of "ibn" is male children, therefore this term intellectually does not include women; but from the religious perspective and the identicalness of the obligation of men and women, this address includes women. Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i has opposed this statement and believes that "Banī", intellectually, in addition to including women, also includes all the people of the world.[6]
A poem by Sa'di Shirazi in the Gulistan has become famous as the poem of Bani Ādam.[7]
- The children of Adam are members of each other, Who are of one essence in creation.
- When times bring a member to pain, No peace remains for the other members.
Notes
- ↑ Naḥḥās, Iʿrāb al-Qurʾān, vol. 1, p. 314; Bustānī, Dāʾirat al-maʿārif, p. 631.
- ↑ Dihkhudā, Lughat-nāma-yi Dihkhudā, vol. 3, p. 80; Qarashī Banā'ī, Qāmūs al-Qurʾān, vol. 1, p. 38.
- ↑ Qarashī Banā'ī, Qāmūs al-Qurʾān, vol. 1, p. 38.
- ↑ Marāghī, Tafsīr al-Marāghī, vol. 4, p. 176.
- ↑ See: Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 7, pp. 68-72; Faḍl Allāh, Min waḥy al-Qurʾān, vol. 7, p. 27; Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 6, p. 131; Mughniyya, Tafsīr al-kāshif, vol. 2, pp. 243-244; Ālūsī, Rūḥ al-maʿānī, vol. 4, pp. 343, 369; Abū Ḥayyān al-Andalusī, al-Baḥr al-muḥīṭ, vol. 1, p. 281; Qummī Kāshānī, Manhaj al-ṣādiqīn, vol. 4, p. 17.
- ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 7, p. 69; Manshūrāt Ismāʿīliyān, vol. 8, p. 87.
- ↑ Saʿdī, Gulistān-i Saʿdī, p. 33.
References
- Abū Ḥayyān al-Andalusī, Muḥammad b. Yūsuf. Al-Baḥr al-muḥīṭ fī l-tafsīr. Edited by Ṣidqī Muḥammad Jamīl. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1420 AH.
- Ālūsī, Sayyid Maḥmūd al-. Rūḥ al-maʿānī fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm. Edited by ʿAlī ʿAbd al-Bārī ʿAṭiyya. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1415 AH.
- Dihkhudā, ʿAlī Akbar. Lughat-nāma-yi Dihkhudā. Tehran: Dānishgāh-i Tihrān, 1377 Sh.
- Faḍl Allāh, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Min waḥy al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Dār al-Malāk li-l-Ṭibāʿa wa al-Nashr, 1419 AH.
- Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Tafsīr-i nimūna. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1374 Sh.
- Marāghī, Aḥmad Muṣṭafā al-. Tafsīr al-Marāghī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī.
- Mughniyya, Muḥammad Jawād. Tafsīr al-kāshif. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1424 AH.
- Naḥḥās, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-. Iʿrāb al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1421 AH.
- Qurashī Binābī, ʿAlī Akbar. Qāmūs al-Qurʾān. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1371 Sh.
- Saʿdī, Muṣliḥ b. ʿAbd Allāh. Gulistān-i Saʿdī. Tehran: Dānish, 1376 Sh.
- Shubbar, Sayyid ʿAbd Allāh. Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-karīm. Beirut: Dār al-Balāgha, 1412 AH.
- Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Qom: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī-yi Jāmiʿa-yi Mudarrisīn-i Ḥawza-yi ʿIlmiyya-yi Qom, 1417 AH.