Draft:Ibn Abī Sammāl
| Personal Information | |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Ibrahim and Isma'il b. Abi Bakr |
| Epithet | Ibn Abi Sammal |
| Religious Affiliation | Shia |
| Lineage | Banu Asad |
| Residence | Kufa |
| Scholarly Information | |
| Professors | Imam al-Kazim (a) |
| Students | 'Ali b. Faddal, Muhammad b. Hassan, Mu'awiya b. 'Ammar |
| Works | Nawadir (attributed to Ibrahim) |
| Scholarly Activities | Transmission of hadith |
Ibn Abī Sammāl (Arabic: اِبْنِاَبیسَمّال) is the designation for two Shi'a hadith transmitters, Ibrāhīm and Ismāʿīl. They were the sons of Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. Rabīʿ b. Simʿān b. Hubayra b. Musāḥiq al-Azdī al-Asadī and lived during the 2nd/8th century.
Origin and Lineage
The brothers and their family traced their lineage to the Banu Asad tribe.[1] Distinguished as one of the oldest Shia families in Kufa, the clan produced several notable narrators and authors during the early Islamic centuries.[2]
Etymology
Sim'an, the ancestor of Ibrahim and Isma'il, bore the kunya "Abu Sammal"; consequently, the brothers became known as "Ibn Abi Sammal" (Son/Descendant of Abu Sammal). The historian al-Ya'qubi recorded Abu Sammal's name as Shim'an.[3] Certain ancient sources erroneously transcribe the name as "Abu Sammak."[4]
Biography of Abu Sammal
Abu Sammal resided in Kufa during the caliphate of Imam Ali (a) and is considered likely to have been among his companions and followers. Historical reports suggest he was lax in his religious observances. It is recounted that Sim'an was once found breaking the fast and consuming wine during the month of Ramadan; he fled when summoned by Imam 'Ali (a).[5]
A man of letters and a poet,[6] Abu Sammal achieved sufficient renown in these arts that al-Ya'qubi listed him among the poets of the era.[7]
Ibrahim and Isma'il
The grandsons of Abu Sammal, Ibrahim and Isma'il, were contemporaries of Imam al-Kazim (a) and transmitted hadiths from him.
Viewpoint of Rijal Experts
Ibrahim has been authenticated (tawthiq) by Shia rijal experts;[8] however, the reliability (wathaqa) of Isma'il has been questioned by scholars.[9] While early rijal sources often identified them as Waqifi,[10] this attribution is not considered definitive.[11]
Narrators from Ibrahim
Prominent individuals who narrated Hadith from Ibrahim include:
- 'Uthaym[12]
- 'Ali b. Faddal
- Muhammad b. Hassan[13]
- Abu l-Qasim Mu'awiya
- Musa b. Qasim
- Mu'awiya b. 'Ammar
- 'Abd Allah b. Hammad
- 'Ali b. Mu'alla[14]
Works of Ibrahim
Ibrahim is credited with authoring a book, although its exact subject matter remains unclear. Both Ibn Babawayh and al-Najashi have cited its title as Nawadir.[15]
Notes
- ↑ Ibn Ḥazm, Jamharat ansāb al-'Arab, 1948, pp. 194-195.
- ↑ Baḥr al-'Ulūm, Rijāl al-Sayyid Baḥr al-'Ulūm, 1363 SH, vol. 2, p. 32.
- ↑ Al-Ya'qūbī, Tārīkh al-Ya'qūbī, 1379 AH, vol. 1, p. 268.
- ↑ Al-'Allāma al-Ḥillī, Īḍāḥ al-ishtibāh, 1411 AH, p. 2.
- ↑ Ibn Qutayba, Al-Shi'r wa l-shu'arā, 1964, vol. 1, pp. 246-247.
- ↑ Ibn Mākūlā, Al-Ikmāl, vol. 4, p. 354.
- ↑ Al-Ya'qūbī, Tārīkh al-Ya'qūbī, 1379 AH, vol. 1, p. 268.
- ↑ Al-Najāshī, Rijāl al-Najāshī, 1418 AH, p. 21.
- ↑ Māmaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, 1352 AH, vol. 1, p. 129.
- ↑ Al-Najāshī, Rijāl al-Najāshī, 1418 AH, p. 21.
- ↑ Māmaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, 1352 AH, vol. 1, p. 10.
- ↑ Al-Shaykh al-Ṣadūq, Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, 1413 AH, vol. 4, p. 64.
- ↑ Muqaddas Kāẓimī, Hidāyat al-muḥaddithīn, 1405 AH, p. 9.
- ↑ Ardabilī, Jāmi' al-ruwāt, 1403 AH, vol. 1, p. 71.
- ↑ Al-Shaykh al-Ṣadūq, Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, 1413 AH, vol. 6, p. 46.
References
- Al-'Allāma al-Ḥillī, Ḥasan b. Yūsuf, Īḍāḥ al-ishtibāh fī asmāʾ al-ruwāh, Qom, Muʾassisat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1411 AH.
- Al-Najāshī, Aḥmad b. 'Alī, Fihrist asmāʾ muṣannifī al-Shīʿa (Rijāl al-Najāshī), Qom, Jāmiʿat Mudarrisīn, 1418 AH.
- Al-Shaykh al-Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. 'Alī, Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, Qom, Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 2nd ed, 1413 AH.
- Al-Ya'qūbī, Aḥmad b. Isḥāq, Tārīkh al-Ya'qūbī, Beirut, Dār Ṣādir, 1379 AH.
- Ardabilī, Muḥammad b. 'Alī, Jāmi' al-ruwāt, Beirut, Dār al-Aḍwāʾ, 1403 AH.
- Baḥr al-'Ulūm, Muḥammad Mahdī b. Murtaḍā, Rijāl al-Sayyid Baḥr al-'Ulūm (al-ma'rūf bi-l-Fawāʾid al-rijāliyya), Najaf, 1363 SH.
- Ibn Ḥazm, 'Alī b. Aḥmad, Jamharat ansāb al-'Arab, Cairo, 1948.
- Ibn Mākūlā, 'Alī b. Hibat Allāh, Al-Ikmāl fī rafʿ al-irtiyāb, Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī.
- Ibn Qutayba, 'Abd Allāh b. Muslim, Al-Shi'r wa l-shu'arā, Beirut, 1964.
- Ibn Qutayba, 'Abd Allāh, ʿUyūn al-akhbār, Beirut, 1986.
- Māmaqānī, 'Abd Allāh, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, Najaf, 1352 AH.
- Muqaddas Kāẓimī, Muḥammad Amīn, Hidāyat al-muḥaddithīn, Qom, Kitābkhāne-yi Āyatullāh Marʿashī Najafī, 1405 AH.