Draft:Tabarruj
Tabarruj is showing off and revealing female adornments in public.[1] In verse 33 of Sura al-Ahzab, the Wives of the Prophet (s) are forbidden from showing off like the Age of Ignorance and revealing their adornments to non-mahram individuals. Exegetes, under this verse, have emphasized that the ruling on tabarruj includes all women and restricting it to the wives of the Prophet is incorrect.[2] Also, based on other Qur'anic verses, especially verse 35 of Sura al-Ahzab which addresses believing men and women, men are also required to observe religious boundaries, and the concept of tabarruj is not solely limited to women.[3]
In the Qur'an, examples of women's tabarruj have been mentioned, including provocative speech[4] and making apparent the ornaments one is wearing or striking the feet on the ground while walking with the intention of attracting attention.[5] Hadiths have also pointed to other instances of tabarruj and emphasized their prohibition; such as wearing revealing clothes, resembling men, and the excessive use of perfume that causes the attraction of men's attention. Famous narrations from Qatāda, Mujāhid, and Muqātil have interpreted tabarruj in the Jahiliyya as with the intention of charming men.[6]
Jurists, based on verses and hadiths, have considered tabarruj as haram and have defined it as any act that a woman performs for showing off, displaying herself, or attracting the attention of strange men.[7] This concept is not limited only to outward clothing, but also includes undignified behavior and demeanor, and has a meaning beyond hijab and covering. However, observing the limits of hijab is not achieved merely by the negation of tabarruj, and avoiding tabarruj, although morally praiseworthy and sometimes necessary, does not by itself make Muslim women dispense with hijab.[citation needed]
Notes
- ↑ Ibn Durayd, Jamharat al-lugha, 1988, vol. 1, p. 265; Farāhīdī, Kitāb al-ʿAyn, 1405 AH, under "b-r-j".
- ↑ Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, vol. 3, p. 796; Qurṭubī, al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān, 1387 AH, vol. 7, p. 179.
- ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1417 AH, vol. 16, p. 313.
- ↑ Sura al-Ahzab, verse 32.
- ↑ Sura al-Nur, verse 31.
- ↑ Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, vol. 3, p. 797.
- ↑ Muṣṭafawī, al-Taḥqīq, 1416 AH, under "b-r-j"; Zuḥaylī, al-Fiqh al-islāmī, 1418 AH, vol. 9, p. 6852.
References
- Ibn Durayd, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan, Jamharat al-lugha, ed. Ramzī Munīr Baʿlabakkī, Beirut, n.p., 1988.
- Ibn Fāris, Aḥmad, Muʿjam maqāyīs al-lugha, ed. ʿAbd al-Salām Muḥammad Hārūn, Qom, Maktab al-Iʿlām al-Islāmī, 1404 AH.
- Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm, ed. ʿAlī Shīrī, Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.
- Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad, al-Mufradāt fī gharīb al-Qurʾān, ed. Muḥammad Sayyid Kīlānī, Tehran, Murtaḍawī, 1332 Sh.
- Zuḥaylī, Wahba, al-Fiqh al-islāmī wa adillatuh, Damascus, Dār al-Fikr, 1418 AH.
- Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn, al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Qom, Islamic Publications Office, 1417 AH.
- Farāhīdī, Khalīl b. Aḥmad, Kitāb al-ʿAyn, ed. Mahdī Makhzūmī and Ibrāhīm Sāmarrāʾī, Qom, Dār al-Hijra, 1405 AH.
- Qurṭubī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad, al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān, Cairo, n.p., 1387 AH.
- Muṣṭafawī, Ḥasan, al-Taḥqīq fī kalimāt al-Qurʾān al-Karīm, Tehran, Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, 1416 AH.
External Links
- Article source: Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam