Jump to content

Draft:Wife of Lot

Add links
From wikishia

Template:Infobox Person

The Wife of Lot (Arabic: اِمْرَأَت لُوط) was the wife of the Prophet Lot (a), who is mentioned in the Quran as a prominent example of disbelief. According to verse 10 of Sura al-Tahrim, she betrayed her husband, who was a prophet. According to exegetes, this betrayal referred to disclosing the Prophet's secrets and collaborating with the disbelievers. Shi'a exegetes and some Sunni exegetes believe that by mentioning this subject, God warned Aisha and Hafsa, two wives of the Prophet Muhammad (s), against betraying him.

The wife of Lot, due to her disbelief and betrayal, was subjected to Divine Punishment along with the People of Lot; however, Lot and his daughters left the city and were saved from the punishment. The Torah states that Lot's wife turned into a pillar of salt because she looked back, and it makes no mention of her betrayal or disbelief. Some research has rejected the attribution of certain stone or salt formations to Lot's wife.

Introduction and Status

The wife of Lot was the spouse of one of the Prophets, who is mentioned in the Quran as "the wife of Lot" and in some verses as an old woman who was punished along with the People of Lot.[1] Although she was the wife of a prophet, she is ranked among the disbelievers.[2] Some have also described her as a hypocrite who outwardly showed herself as a believer but was a disbeliever internally.[3] It is said that Lot's wife was not a disbeliever from the beginning but went astray after Lot attained Prophethood.[4]

Various names have been mentioned for Lot's wife, such as Walihah, Wali'ah,[5] Wahilah,[6] and Waghalah.[7] She was from the city of Sodom, and Lot married her after entering that city.[8] This city and several nearby towns were the area of Lot's mission, referred to collectively in the Quran as the Mu'tafikāt.[9]

Example of Disbelief

The Quran mentions the wife of Lot seven times. In verse 10 of Sura al-Tahrim, she is introduced as a prime example of disbelief; although she was under the care of a prophet, she fell into disbelief and hypocrisy. Consequently, this family bond did not benefit her, and she ultimately became one of the people of Hell.[10]

Betrayal

The Holy Quran introduces Lot's wife as a betrayer in verse 10 of Sura al-Tahrim.[11] According to exegetes, with some even claiming a consensus on the matter, the betrayal of Lot's wife was collaborating with his enemies, her disbelief, and disclosing secrets; it was not in the sense of committing sins against modesty.[12]

Abdullah b. Abbas stated that the betrayal of Lot's wife was informing the People of Lot about the presence of guests in the Prophet's house.[13] According to al-Tibyan, Ibn Abbas considered the wives of Noah and Lot as hypocrites; the result of their hypocrisy (lack of faith) was calling Noah "insane" and informing others about the presence of guests (angels who appeared as handsome young men) respectively.[14]

Exegetes believe the purpose of mentioning this was to warn two wives of the Prophet Muhammad (s) who disclosed his secrets. This warning meant that being the wife of a prophet alone cannot prevent one from punishment.[15] Muqatil b. Sulayman (d. 150/767) and several other Sunni exegetes explicitly state that God, with these verses, warned Aisha and Hafsa regarding their actions against the Prophet and the risk of facing Divine Punishment.[16]

Divine Punishment

According to some narrations, when the angels of punishment came to the house of Lot in the form of several young men, his wife informed the townspeople that very handsome men had come to Lot's house.[17] The people of Lot rushed to his house from every side to assault these individuals. They entered Lot's house, and Gabriel, by divine permission, took away their sight.[18] Lot left the city along with his wife and daughters. Along the way, Lot's wife realized the destruction of her people. She was saddened by this and turned her face toward them. At that moment, a stone struck and killed her.[19] Others believe she stayed in the city and was punished there.[20]


According to a report whose narrators are accused of lying and forging hadiths, Abu l-Jald, from the Tabi'un, saw a stone statue of Lot's wife. In this report, it is claimed that this statue menstruates at the beginning of every month.[21] On the other hand, some research indicates that the published images of salt or stone pillars attributed by some to Lot's wife are not factual; according to some geologists, the age of these formations dates back millions of years.[22]

Biblical Account

According to some researchers, the Torah does not mention any betrayal or disbelief of Lot's wife, and her only error is stated as looking back.[23] In this book, it is written that angels went to Lot's house in the city of Sodom. The men of the city rushed to Lot's house. The angels took Lot, his wife, and his two daughters out of the city.[24] One of the angels said, "Do not look back." Lot's wife looked back toward the city and, as a result, turned into a pillar of salt.[25] Benjamin of Tudela, a Jewish traveler, writes that this pillar of salt is located two leagues from the Sea of Sodom.[26]

Notes

  1. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūnih, 1374 Sh, vol. 15, pp. 325-326.
  2. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūnih, 1374 Sh, vol. 24, p. 313.
  3. ↑ Ibn Abī Zamanīn, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAzīz, 1423 AH, vol. 2, p. 302.
  4. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūnih, 1374 Sh, vol. 14, p. 425.
  5. ↑ Qurṭubī, al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān, 1384 AH, vol. 18, p. 201.
  6. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1415 AH, vol. 10, p. 64.
  7. ↑ Nawawī, Tahdhīb al-asmāʾ wa al-lughāt, vol. 2, p. 73.
  8. ↑ Majlisī, Ḥayāt al-qulūb, 1384 Sh, p. 418.
  9. ↑ Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-bayān, 1422 AH, vol. 12, p. 537.
  10. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūnih, 1374 Sh, vol. 24, p. 313; Ḥaqqī Burūsawī, Rūḥ al-bayān, vol. 10, pp. 69-70.
  11. ↑ Ṭūsī, al-Tibyān, 1371 Sh, vol. 10, p. 52.
  12. ↑ Ṭūsī, al-Tibyān, 1371 Sh, vol. 10, p. 52; Qurṭubī, al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān, 1384 AH, vol. 18, p. 201; Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūnih, 1374 Sh, vol. 24, p. 301.
  13. ↑ Suyūṭī, al-Durr al-manthūr, vol. 8, p. 228.
  14. ↑ Ṭūsī, al-Tibyān, 1371 Sh, vol. 10, p. 52.
  15. ↑ For example, see: Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūnih, 1374 Sh, vol. 24, pp. 300-301; Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1415 AH, vol. 10, p. 64.
  16. ↑ For example, see: Balkhī, Tafsīr-i Muqātil, 1423 AH, vol. 4, p. 379; Fakhr al-Rāzī, al-Tafsīr al-kabīr, 1420 AH, vol. 30, p. 574; al-Hararī, Tafsīr ḥadāʾiq al-rūḥ wa al-rayḥān, 1421 AH, vol. 29, p. 456; Ṭūsī, al-Tibyān, 1371 Sh, vol. 10, p. 52.
  17. ↑ Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-bayān, 1422 AH, vol. 12, p. 520; Ibn ʿĀdil, al-Lubāb fī ʿulūm al-kitāb, 1419 AH, vol. 11, p. 477.
  18. ↑ Ḥaqqī Burūsawī, Rūḥ al-bayān, vol. 4, pp. 166-169.
  19. ↑ Suyūṭī, al-Durr al-manthūr, vol. 4, p. 462; Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-bayān, 1422 AH, vol. 2, p. 516; Abū Ḥayyān al-Andalusī, al-Baḥr al-muḥīṭ, 1420 AH, vol. 5, p. 103.
  20. ↑ Bayḍāwī, Anwār al-tanzīl, 1418 AH, vol. 4, p. 148; Ibn Kathīr, Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ, 1388 AH, vol. 1, p. 268.
  21. ↑ Suyūṭī, al-Durr al-manthūr, vol. 4, p. 462; Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq, 1415 AH, vol. 50, p. 327.
  22. ↑ "The alleged statue of Lot's wife formed millions of years before human settlement in the region... The search for Wahila continues on the tables of Satan", al-Rai website.
  23. ↑ al-Manṣūrfūrī, Raḥmat li-l-ʿālamīn, 1418 AH, p. 497.
  24. ↑ "Holy Bible, Genesis, Chapter 19, Verses 3-19", Tehran Jewish Committee.
  25. ↑ "Holy Bible, Genesis, Chapter 19, Verses 17-26", Tehran Jewish Committee.
  26. ↑ al-Taṭīlī, Riḥlat Binyāmīn al-Taṭīlī, 2002, p. 253.

References

  • Abū Ḥayyān al-Andalusī, Muḥammad b. Yūsuf. al-Baḥr al-muḥīṭ fī al-tafsīr. Edited by Sidqi Muhammad Jamil. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1420 AH.
  • al-Hararī, Muḥammad Amīn. Tafsīr ḥadāʾiq al-rūḥ wa al-rayḥān fī rawābī ʿulūm al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Dār Ṭawq al-Najāh, 1421 AH.
  • al-Manṣūrfūrī, Muḥammad Sulaymān. Raḥmat li-l-ʿālamīn. Translated by Samir Abdul Hamid Ibrahim. Riyadh: Dār al-Salām, 1418 AH.
  • al-Taṭīlī, Binyāmīn. Riḥlat Binyāmīn al-Taṭīlī. Abu Dhabi: al-Majmaʿ al-Thaqāfī, 2002.
  • Balkhī, Muqātil b. Sulaymān. Tafsīr-i Muqātil. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1423 AH.
  • Bayḍāwī, ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar. Anwār al-tanzīl wa asrār al-taʾwīl. Edited by Muhammad Abd al-Rahman al-Mar'ashli. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1418 AH.
  • "Bereshit - Chapter Nineteen". Tehran Jewish Committee Website. Accessed August 27, 2023.
  • Bin ʿĀdil, ʿUmar b. ʿAlī. al-Lubāb fī ʿulūm al-kitāb. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1419 AH.
  • Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Tārīkh al-Islām wa wafayāt al-mashāhīr wa al-aʿlām. Edited by Umar Abd al-Salam al-Tadmuri. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿArabī, 1413 AH.
  • Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar. al-Tafsīr al-kabīr (Mafātīḥ al-ghayb). Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1420 AH.
  • Ḥaqqī Burūsawī, Ismāʿīl. Rūḥ al-bayān. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
  • Ibn Abī Zamanīn, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAzīz. Cairo: al-Fārūq al-Ḥadītha, 1423 AH.
  • Ibn ʿAsākir, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan. Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH.
  • Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ. Edited by Mustafa Abd al-Wahid. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat Dār al-Taʾlīf, 1388 AH.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Tafsīr-i nimūnih. Tehran: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya, 1374 Sh.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir. Ḥayāt al-qulūb. Edited by Ali Imamian. Qom: Sorour, 1384 Sh.
  • Nawawī, Yaḥyā b. Sharaf. Tahdhīb al-asmāʾ wa al-lughāt. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, n.d.
  • Pashazadeh Research Institute of Information Management and Islamic Documentation. Farhang-nāmih-yi ʿulūm-i Qurʾān. Qom: Islamic Sciences and Culture Research Center, 1394 Sh.
  • Qirāʾatī, Muḥsin. Tafsīr-i nūr. Tehran: Cultural Center for Lessons from the Quran, 1385 Sh.
  • Qurṭubī, Muḥsin b. Aḥmad. al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān. Cairo: Dār al-Kutub al-Maṣriyya, 1384 AH.
  • Suyūṭī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Bakr. al-Durr al-manthūr fī al-tafsīr bi-al-maʾthūr. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
  • Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr. Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī jāmiʿ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl āy al-Qurʾān. Giza: Dār Hijr, 1422 AH.
  • Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan. Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1415 AH.
  • Ṭūsī, Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad. al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Qom: Islamic Publications Office, 1371 Sh.
  • "The alleged statue of Lot's wife formed millions of years before human settlement in the region... The search for Wahila continues on the tables of Satan". al-Rai website, January 3, 2005.
  • Ziriklī, Khayr al-Dīn b. Maḥmūd. al-Aʿlām. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm li-l-Malāyīn, 2002.

Template:Women in the Quran Template:Prophets in the Quran

Retrieved from "https://en.wikishia.net/w/index.php?title=Draft:Wife_of_Lot&oldid=202640"