Hizb (Quran)
A ḥizb (Arabic: حِزْب) is one of the divisions of the Qur'an.[1] Each juz' of the Qur'an is divided into several hizbs (ahzab).[2] In some Qura'ns, each juz' is divided into two hizbs,[3] which results in the Qur'an containing 60 hizbs.[4] In other cases, each juz' is divided into four hizbs, making the Qur'an consist of 120 hizbs.[5] Furthermore, each hizb is divided into four sections, each of which is called a rub'.[6] This division is based on the verses of the Qur'an.[7] According to a hadith transmitted in some Sunni hadith sources from 'Umar b. al-Khattab, the term hizb was used during the Prophet's time, appearing in his words, and Muslims would recite one hizb of the Quran each day. However, this hadith does not specify the length of a hizb.[8]
In some countries, such as Iran, each hizb of the Quran is printed separately, and the collection of these printed portions is referred to as the "120-part Quran". These Qurans are used in funeral ceremonies.[9] However, Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tihrani (d. 1416/1995) opposed the distribution of the Qura'n in booklet form at memorial gatherings. He believed this practice originated during the time of Yazid b. Mu'awiya and maintained that complete Qur'ans should be used in such ceremonies.[10]
The purpose of dividing the Quran into juz's and hizbs is said to be encouraging greater recitation,[11] facilitating memorization,[12] and aiding in the teaching of the Quran.[13] The idea of dividing the Quran into juz's and hizbs has been attributed to al-Ma'mun al-'Abbasi (d. 218/833), though some have linked it to Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi (d. 95/714).[14] One disadvantage of dividing the Quran into juz's and hizbs is that it may lead to ending the recitation in the middle of a subject or beginning the recitation from the middle of a subject.[15]
According to Ibn 'Aqila the author of al-Ziyada wa l-ihsan fi 'ulum al-Qur'an, the Prophet’s companions divided the Qur'an into seven sections to complete its recitation within a week, referring to each section as a hizb.[16] This division was based on suras.[17] In this arrangement, the first hizb included the first three suras of the Qur'an (excluding Sura al-Fatiha). The second hizb included the next five suras, the third hizb the next seven, the fourth hizb the next nine, the fifth hizb the next eleven, the sixth hizb the next thirteen, and the seventh hizb, known as elaborate (al-mufassal) hizb, included the remaining suras (from Qur'an 50 to the end of the Qur'an).[18] Another seven-part division has also been attributed to some companions.[19] For this reason, it is said that any portion of the Quran a person commits to reciting is referred to as a hizb.[20]
Notes
- ↑ Ṭayyār, al-Muḥarrir, p. 249.
- ↑ Ṣāliḥ, Mabāḥith fī ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān, p. 97.
- ↑ Zarqānī, Manāhil al-ʿIrfān, vol. 1, p. 403.
- ↑ Jarmī, Muʿjam ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān, p. 14.
- ↑ Mustafīd, Taqsīmāt-i Qurʾānī, p. 41.
- ↑ Zarqānī, Manāhil al-ʿIrfān, vol. 1, p. 403.
- ↑ Dakhīl, Iqraʾ al-Qurʾān al-Karīm, p. 120- 121.
- ↑ Mālik. al Muwaṭṭāʾ, vol. 2, p. 280.
- ↑ Dihkhudā, Lughatnāma-yi Dihkhudā, under the word Ṣadubīst pāra(صدوبیست پاره)
- ↑ 'Allama Tihrani's viewpoint on holding celebrations, weddings, and funerals (Persian).
- ↑ Suyūṭī, al-Itqān, vol. 1, p. 222; Ṣakhar al-Miṣrī, Fiqh Qirāʾat al-Qurʾān, p. 15.
- ↑ Khuḍayrī, Tafsīr al-Tābiʿīn, vol. 2, p. 1145.
- ↑ Mustafīd, Taqsīmāt-i Qurʾānī, p. 41.
- ↑ Maʿrifat, al-Tamhīd, vol. 1, p. 360.
- ↑ Ṭayyār, al-Muḥarrir, p. 249.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAqīla al-Makkī, al-Ziyāda wa l-Iḥsān, vol. 2, p. 253.
- ↑ Dakhīl, Iqraʾ al-Qurʾān al-Karīm, p. 120- 121.
- ↑ Ḥaddād, al-Tajdīd, p. 65.
- ↑ Mustafīd, Taqsīmāt-i Qurʾānī, p. 30- 32.
- ↑ Majīdī, Idhhāb al-ḥuzn, p. 429.
References
- Dakhīl, ʿAbd Allāh al-. Iqraʾ al-Qurʾān al-Karīm. Jeddah: Markaz al-Dirāsāt wa l-Maʿlūmāt al-Qurʾānīyya bi Maʿhad al-Imām al-Shāṭibī, 1429 AH.
- Dihkhudā, ʿAlī Akbar. Lughatnāma-yi Dihkhudā. [n.p]: [n.n], [n.d].
- Ḥaddād, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. Al-Tajdīd fī l-Itqān wa al-Tajwīd. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1424 AH.
- Ibn ʿAqīla al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Al-Ziyāda wa l-Iḥsān fī ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān. 1st edition. Sharjah: Markaz al-Buḥūth wa al-Dirāsāt Jāmiʿat al-Shāriqa, 1427 AH.
- Jarmī, Ibrāhīm. Muʿjam ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān. 1st edition. Damascus: Dār al-Qalam, 1422 AH.
- Khuḍayrī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. Tafsīr al-Tābiʿīn. Riyadh: Dār al-Waṭan li-l-Nashr, 1420 AH.
- Mālik b. Anas. Al Muwaṭṭāʾ. 1st edition. Edited by Muḥammad Muṣṭafā al-Aʿẓamī. Abu Dhabi: Muʾassasat Zāyid b. Sulṭān Āl Nahyān li-l-Aʿmāl al-Khayrīyya wa al-Insānīyya, 1425 AH.
- Majīdī, ʿAbd al-Salām al-. Idhhāb al-ḥuzn wa shifāʾ al-ṣadr al-saqīm. Alexandria: Dār al-Īmān, [n.d].
- Mustafīd, Muḥammad Riḍā. Taqsīmāt-i Qurʾānī wa Suwar-i Makkī wa Madanī. Tehran: Wizārat-i Farhang wa Irshād-i Islāmī, 1384 Sh.
- Maʿrifat, Muḥammad Hādī. Al-Tamhīd fī ʿulūm al-Qurʾān. Qom: Muʾassisa-yi Farhangī Intishārātī-yi al-Tamhīd, 1388 Sh.
- Ṣakhar al-Miṣrī, Abū Khālid Saʿīd ʿAbd al-Jalīl. Fiqh Qirāʾat al-Qurʾān. 1st edition. Cairo: Maktabat al-Qudsi, 1418 AH.
- Suyūṭī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Bakr al-. Al-Itqān fī ʿulūm al-Qurʾān. Edited by Muḥammad Abū al-Faḍl Ibrāhīm. Cairo: al-Hay'at al-Misriyya al-'Amma li l-Kitab, 1394 AH.
- Ṣāliḥ, Ṣubḥī al-. Mabāḥith fī ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān. Qom: al-Sharīf al-Raḍī, 1372 Sh.
- Ṭayyār, Musāʿid b. Sulaymān al-. Al-Muḥarrir fī ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān. 2nd edition. Jeddah: Markaz al-Dirāsāt wa al-Maʿlūmāt al-Qurʾānīyya bi Maʿhad al-Imām al-Shāṭibī, 1429 AH.
- Zarqānī, Muḥammad ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm al-. Manāhil al-ʿIrfān fī ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1424 AH.
- 'Allama Tihrani's viewpoint on holding celebrations, weddings, and funerals (Persian). Accessed: 2024/12/12.