Subay'a bt. al-Harith al-Aslami
| Personal Information | |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Subay'a bt. al-Harith al-Aslami |
| Well-Known Relatives | Sa'd b. Khawla |
| Religious Information | |
| Conversion to Islam | After the Peace Treaty of al-Hudaybiyya |
| Other Activities | Narrator |
Subayʿa bt. al-Ḥārith al-Aslamī (Arabic: سبيعة بنت الحارث الأسلمي) was a female Companion[1] and a narrator of hadith[2] from the Prophet (s).[3] She converted to Islam following the Hudaybiyya Peace Treaty.[4] Prominent figures, including 'Abd Allah b. 'Umar,[5] 'Amr b. 'Utba,[6] Zufar b. Aws b. Hadathan, 'Umar b. 'Abd Allah b. Arqam,[7] and Masruq b. Ajda', are reported to have narrated from her.[8] According to Ibn Abd al-Barr, al-'Uqayli mistakenly claimed that 'Abd Allah b. 'Umar did not narrate from her, but rather from another Subay'a al-Aslami.[9]
Historical sources identify Subay'a as the wife of Sayfi b. Rahib, a polytheist in Mecca. Following the Peace Treaty of al-Hudaybiyya, she separated from her husband and immigrated to the Prophet (s). Accounts indicate that her husband demanded her return, invoking the stipulations of the Hudaybiyya treaty. However, the Prophet (s) clarified that the pact applied specifically to men and did not extend to women. Exegetes report that upon the revelation of Qur'an 60:10, the Prophet (s) tested Subay'a's faith through an oath. Once it was established that her conversion to Islam was voluntary and sincere, he refused to return her to her husband.[10]
After her conversion, Subay'a married Sa'd b. Khawla, who passed away in Mecca during the Farewell Hajj.[11] Subay'a was pregnant at the time of Sa'd's death and gave birth less than twenty-five nights later.[12] Abu l-Sanabil al-Qurashi informed her that she was required to observe the 'Idda (waiting period) for four months and ten days. When she consulted the Prophet (s) regarding this matter,[13] he ruled that her marriage was permissible immediately after delivery.[14] Thereafter, Abu l-Sanabil al-Qurashi (Habba b. Ba'kak) proposed to[15] and married her.[16] Jurists among the Tabi'un in both Medina and Kufa cite this account regarding the 'Idda of a pregnant widow.[17]
Al-'Uqayli reports that Subay'a al-Aslami married 'Umar b. al-Khattab following her separation from her first husband.[18] However, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani identifies the wife of 'Umar b. al-Khattab as a distinct individual, also named Subay'a al-Aslami.[19]
Notes
- ↑ Ṭūsī, Rijāl al-Ṭūsī, p. 52.
- ↑ Kaḥḥāla, Aʿlām al-nisāʾ, vol. 2, p. 148.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 2, p. 587, vol. 4, p. 1859; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 5, p. 156; ʿAsqalānī, al-Iṣāba, vol. 8, p. 171.
- ↑ ʿAsqalānī, al-Iṣāba, vol. 8, p. 173.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 4, p. 1859; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 6, p. 137.
- ↑ Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, vol. 5, p. 493; ʿAsqalānī, al-Iṣāba, vol. 8, p. 172.
- ↑ Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, vol. 6, p. 440.
- ↑ ʿAsqalānī, al-Iṣāba, vol. 8, p. 172.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 4, p. 1859.
- ↑ Balkhī, Tafsīr muqātil b. Sulaymān, vol. 4, p. 303.
- ↑ ʿAsqalānī, al-Iṣāba, vol. 3, p. 45, vol. 8, p. 171; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 6, p. 137.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 4, p. 1859; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 6, p. 137; ʿAsqalānī, al-Iṣāba, vol. 3, p. 45; Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 1, p. 223; Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 3, p. 312.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 4, p. 1859; Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 1, p. 223.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 2, p. 587, vol. 4, p. 1859; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 5, p. 156; ʿAsqalānī, al-Iṣāba, vol. 8, p. 171; Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 8, p. 224.
- ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 8, p. 224.
- ↑ Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 1, p. 439.
- ↑ ʿAsqalānī, al-Iṣāba, vol. 8, p. 171.
- ↑ ʿAsqalānī, al-Iṣāba, vol. 8, p. 172.
- ↑ ʿAsqalānī, al-Iṣāba, vol. 8, pp. 171-172.
References
- ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī b. Ḥajar al-. Al-Iṣāba fī tamyīz al-ṣaḥāba. Ed. ʿĀdil Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Mawjūd & ʿAlī Muḥammad Muʿawwaḍ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1415 AH/1995.
- Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. Ansāb al-ashrāf. Ed. Muḥammad Ḥamīd Allāh. Egypt: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1959.
- Balkhī, Muqātil b. Sulaymān al-. Tafsīr Muqātil b. Sulaymān. Ed. ʿAbd Allāh Maḥmūd Shaḥāta. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1423 AH.
- Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-. Tārīkh al-Islām. Ed. ʿUmar ʿAbd al-Salām Tadmurī. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1413 AH/1993.
- Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Yūsuf b. ʿAbd Allāh. Al-Istīʿāb fī maʿrifat al-aṣḥāb. Ed. ʿAlī Muḥammad al-Bijāwī. Beirut: Dār al-Jīl, 1412 AH/1992.
- Ibn al-Athīr, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. Usd al-ghāba fī maʿrifat al-ṣaḥāba. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1409 AH/1989.
- Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad. Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā. Ed. Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭā. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1410 AH/1990.
- Kaḥḥāla, ʿUmar Riḍā. Aʿlām al-nisāʾ. Beirut: Muʾassisa al-Risāla, 1412 AH/1991.
- Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. Rijāl al-Ṭūsī. Ed. Jawād Qayyūmī Iṣfahānī. Qom: Muʾassisa al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1373 Sh.