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Thawiyya

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Thawiyya Cemetery near Kufa

Thawīyya (Arabic:ثَوِیّه) or Thuwayh (Arabic:ثُوَیه)is a historical cemetery near Kufa where a number of the companions of the Prophet (s) and some of the special companions of Imam Ali (a), such as Kumayl b. Ziyad, are buried. It is said that the head of Imam al-Husayn (a) and other Martyrs of Karbala were placed on the ground in this area before entering Kufa.

Today, this cemetery is known as Hannana, and according to the recommendations of the great religious authorities, performing prayer there is considered meritorious.

Status and Importance

According to Ibn Khallikan, a number of the companions of the Prophet (s) are buried in the Thawiyya Cemetery.[1] Also, some of the companions of Imam Ali (a), such as Kumayl b. Ziyad al-Nakha'i and Sharik b. al-A'war, are buried in this place.[2] The Shrine of Imam Ali (a) is located near Thawiyya.[3] Al-Shahid al-Awwal, a Shi'a jurist of the 8th/14th century, recommended in the book al-Mazar to perform a two-rak'a prayer in this cemetery out of respect for the special companions of Imam Ali (a).[4] According to Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi, the graves of Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, Mughira b. Shu'ba, and Ziyad b. Abih are located in this place.[5]

In addition to historical tombs, this place has mosques that host pilgrims from different parts of the world every year.[6]

Sayyid Hashim al-Bahrani, a Shi'a exegete of the 11th/17th century, citing a narration from Imam al-Sadiq (a), mentions Thawiyya as a meeting place for the Prophet (s) and Imam Ali (a), where a mosque will be built at the time of Raj'a (Return).[7] Hasan Isa, a historical researcher, citing a narration from Imam al-Sadiq (a),[8] believes that the head of Imam al-Husayn (a) and other Martyrs of Karbala were placed on the ground in the Thawiyya area before entering Kufa.[9] The word "al-Thawiyya" also appears in the poems of Arab poets such as al-Nu'man b. Bashir al-Ansari and Sayyid Isma'il al-Himyari.[10]

History

Thawiyya also mentioned as Thuwayh[11] was a place behind Hira and near Kufa,[12] known as "Thawiyyat al-Hira" before Islam.[13] According to Hasan Isa, a historical researcher, this place was initially a prison where people sentenced to death were imprisoned and then executed.[14] After the arrival of Islam and the establishment of Kufa, Thawiyya became a cemetery for the people of Kufa.[15] This cemetery belonged to the areas of Hira and Kufa, and for this reason, it was called "Thawiyya of Hira" or "Thawiyya of Kufa".[16]

Geographical Location

Thawiyya is located towards the city of Najaf, after the Trench of Kufa (Khandaq al-Kufa).[17] According to the book al-Mufassal fi Tarikh l-Najaf, Thawiyya starts longitudinally from the east of the city of Najaf and ends at Hira, located in the southeast of Najaf, as well as the area of the Trench (Khandaq) near Kufa.[18] According to him, today Thawiyya has become part of the city of Najaf.[19] Due to its geographical location, Thawiyya is also recognized as part of the history of Kufa and Hira.[20] The Thawiyya cemetery is known today as Hannana.[21]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ibn Khallikān, Wafayāt al-aʿyān, vol. 2, p. 506.
  2. ↑ Qumī, Safīnat al-biḥār, vol. 1, p. 528.
  3. ↑ Ḥakīm, al-Mufaṣṣal fī tārīkh al-Najaf al-Ashraf, vol. 1, p. 193.
  4. ↑ Shahīd al-Awwal, al-Mazār, p. 32.
  5. ↑ Qumī, Safīnat al-biḥār, vol. 1, p. 528.
  6. ↑ Online Karbala. "Qabristān-i Thawiyya".
  7. ↑ Baḥrānī, Al-Burhān, vol. 1, p. 91 & vol. 4, p. 292.
  8. ↑ Ṭūsī, Al-Amālī, p. 682.
  9. ↑ Ḥakīm, al-Mufaṣṣal fī tārīkh al-Najaf al-Ashraf, vol. 1, p. 194.
  10. ↑ Ḥakīm, al-Mufaṣṣal fī tārīkh al-Najaf al-Ashraf, vol. 1, p. 187.
  11. ↑ Bakrī, Muʿjam mā istaʿjam, vol. 1, p. 350.
  12. ↑ Ḥakīm, al-Mufaṣṣal fī tārīkh al-Najaf al-Ashraf, vol. 1, p. 191.
  13. ↑ Ḥakīm, al-Mufaṣṣal fī tārīkh al-Najaf al-Ashraf, vol. 1, p. 184.
  14. ↑ Ḥakīm, al-Mufaṣṣal fī tārīkh al-Najaf al-Ashraf, vol. 1, p. 184.
  15. ↑ Ḥakīm, al-Mufaṣṣal fī tārīkh al-Najaf al-Ashraf, vol. 1, pp. 184, 186.
  16. ↑ Ḥakīm, al-Mufaṣṣal fī tārīkh al-Najaf al-Ashraf, vol. 1, p. 186.
  17. ↑ Ḥakīm, al-Mufaṣṣal fī tārīkh al-Najaf al-Ashraf, vol. 1, p. 186.
  18. ↑ Ḥakīm, al-Mufaṣṣal fī tārīkh al-Najaf al-Ashraf, vol. 1, p. 186.
  19. ↑ Ḥakīm, al-Mufaṣṣal fī tārīkh al-Najaf al-Ashraf, vol. 1, p. 186.
  20. ↑ Online Karbala. "Qabristān-i Thawiyya".
  21. ↑ Ḥakīm, al-Mufaṣṣal fī tārīkh al-Najaf al-Ashraf, vol. 1, p. 193.

References

  • Baḥrānī, Hāshim b. Sulaymān al-. Al-Burhān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Edited by Qism al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmiyya - Muʾassasat al-Biʿtha. Qom, Muʾassasat al-Biʿtha, 1st ed., 1415 AH.
  • Bakrī, ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-. Muʿjam mā istaʿjam min asmāʾ al-buldān wa l-mawāḍiʿ. Beirut, ʿĀlam al-Kutub, 1403 AH.
  • Ḥakīm, Ḥasan ʿĪsā. Al-Mufaṣṣal fī tārīkh al-Najaf al-Ashraf. Qom, Al-Maktaba al-Ḥaydariyya, 1385 Sh.
  • Ibn Khallikān, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad. Wafayāt al-aʿyān wa anbāʾ abnāʾ al-zamān. Edited by Iḥsān ʿAbbās. Beirut, Dār Ṣādir, 1900.
  • Online Karbala. "Qabristān-i Thawiyya". Accessed: Ordibehesht 29, 1404 Sh.
  • Qumī, ʿAbbās. Safīnat al-biḥār. Qom, Uswa, 1st ed., 1414 AH.
  • Shahīd al-Awwal, Muḥammad b. Makkī al-. Al-Mazār. Qom, Muʾassasat al-Imām al-Mahdī (a), 1st ed., 1410 AH.
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