Draft:Ibn Tabataba
| Full Name | Muhammad b. Ibrahim b. Isma'il b. Ibrahim b. Hasan al-Muthanna b. Hasan (a) b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) |
|---|---|
| Teknonym | Abu 'Abd Allah |
| Well-known As | Ibn Tabataba |
| Lineage | Tabataba'i Sayyids, descendant of Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a) |
| Birth | 173/789-90 |
| Place of Birth | Medina |
| Death | 1 Rajab 199/815 |
| Burial Place | Najaf |
| Known for | Capturing Kufa in 199/815 • Uprising against the Abbasid rule during the time of al-Ma'mun |
Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm b. Ismāʿīl b. Ibrāhīm b. Ḥasan al-Muthannā b. Ḥasan (a) b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib (a) (born 173/789-90), commonly known as Ibn Ṭabāṭabā, was a prominent figure among the Tabataba'i Sayyids and a descendant of Imam al-Hasan (a).[1] Born in Medina, he bore the teknonym Abū ʿAbd Allāh[2] and is noted for his participation in the uprising of the Martyr of Fakhkh.[3]
The Tabataba'i lineage traces its roots to Ibrahim b. Isma'il Dibaj, who was the first to be distinguished by the title "Tabataba".
Historical accounts indicate that following al-Ma'mun's victory over his brother al-Amin, the caliphate was plagued by instability, leading to numerous insurrections. Prominent among these was the revolt of Ibn Tabataba, classified as a Zaydiyya uprising. Initially traveling from Medina to Kufa to rally support, Ibn Tabataba was unsuccessful and returned to the Hijaz. En route, he encountered Abu l-Saraya, a dissident Abbasid commander, with whom he allied to form a military force. In 199/814-15, their combined forces assaulted and captured Kufa.[4] They rallied under the slogan "al-Rida min Al Muhammad" (The Pleasing One from the Family of Muhammad).[5] Hasan b. Sahl, the governor of Iraq, dispatched an army under Zuhayr b. Musayyib to suppress the rebellion, but the Abbasid forces suffered defeat.[6] Abu l-Faraj al-Isfahani narrates that Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (a) and Zayd b. Ali had foretold this uprising.[7]
The uprising witnessed the active participation of the Alawids, many of whom perished. In his *Maqatil al-Talibiyyin*, Abu l-Faraj al-Isfahani lists several notable Alawid martyrs, including:[8]
- Muhammad b. Muhammad b. Zayd, who assumed leadership following Ibn Tabataba.
- Hasan b. Husayn b. Zayd and Hasan b. Ishaq b. 'Ali b. Husayn, who fell in the conflict involving Abu l-Saraya and Harthama.
- Muhammad b. Husayn b. Hasan and 'Ali b. 'Abd Allah b. Muhammad, who were martyred in Yemen in defense of Ibn Tabataba's uprising.
Historians record Ibn Tabataba's death on 1 Rajab 199/February 15, 815.[9] Speculation exists regarding the cause, with some attributing it to poisoning or assassination by Abu l-Saraya.[10] Certain accounts suggest that Abu l-Saraya eliminated him due to internal disagreements,[11] specifically Ibn Tabataba's objection to the surprise assault on Kufa and his demand for the restitution of looted property.[12][13] Following his demise, Muhammad b. Muhammad b. Zayd was selected to succeed him.[14]
Abu l-Saraya concealed Ibn Tabataba's death; he accompanied by a group of Zaydis, transported the body to Najaf under the cover of darkness for burial. This clandestine, nocturnal interment is widely attributed to political expediency.[15]
In his final testament, Ibn Tabataba urged his followers to defend the Ahl al-Bayt (a) and recommended 'Ali b. 'Ubayd Allah as the Imam should a selection be necessary.[16] Nevertheless, following his death, allegiance was pledged to Muhammad b. Muhammad b. Zayd.[17]
Template:Family tree of Hasan al-Muthanna
Notes
- ↑ Ziriklī, al-Aʿlām, vol. 5, p. 293.
- ↑ Ibn Kathīr, al-Bidāya wa al-Nihāya, vol. 10, p. 244.
- ↑ Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn, p. 383.
- ↑ Ibn al-Athīr, al-Kāmil fī al-Tārīkh, vol. 7, p. 302.
- ↑ Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn, p. 433; Sulṭānī, Tārīkh wa ʿAqāʾid-i Zaydiyya, p. 74.
- ↑ Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, vol. 13, p. 70.
- ↑ Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn, pp. 428-429.
- ↑ Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn, p. 423.
- ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-Umam wa al-Mulūk, vol. 8, p. 529.
- ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-Umam wa al-Mulūk, vol. 8, p. 529.
- ↑ Gardīzī, Tārīkh, p. 172.
- ↑ Ibn al-Athīr, al-Kāmil fī al-Tārīkh, vol. 6, p. 305; Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn, p. 531.
- ↑ Maḥallī, al-Ḥadāʾiq al-Wardiyya, vol. 1, p. 203.
- ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-Umam wa al-Mulūk, vol. 8, p. 529.
- ↑ Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn, p. 435.
- ↑ Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn, p. 434.
- ↑ Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn, p. 434.
References
- Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn. Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn. Edited by Sayyid Aḥmad Ṣaqr. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1368 AH.
- Balādhūrī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā. Ansāb al-Ashrāf. Edited by Muḥammad Bāqir Maḥmūdī. Beirut: 1397 AH.
- Dhahabī, Shams al-Dīn. Tārīkh al-Islām. Edited by ʿUmar ʿAbd al-Salām Tadmurī. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1413 AH.
- Farmāniyān, Mahdī and Sayyid ʿAlī Mūsawī-nizhād. Zaydiyya: Tārīkh wa ʿAqāʾid. Qom: Nashr-i Adyān, 1386 Sh.
- Gardīzī, ʿAbd al-Ḥayy b. Ḍaḥḥāk. Tārīkh. Edited by ʿAbd al-Ḥayy Ḥabībī. Tehran: 1363 Sh.
- Ibn al-Athīr, ʿIzz al-Dīn. al-Kāmil fī al-Tārīkh. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1385 AH.
- Ibn Kathīr, Abū al-Fidāʾ Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. al-Bidāya wa al-Nihāya. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1407 AH.
- Maḥallī, Ḥamīd b. Aḥmad. al-Ḥadāʾiq al-Wardiyya fī Manāqib Aʾimmat al-Zaydiyya. Damascus: n.p., 1405 AH.
- Sulṭānī, Muṣṭafā. Tārīkh wa ʿAqāʾid-i Zaydiyya. Qom: Nashr-i Adyān, 1390 Sh.
- Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr. Tārīkh al-Umam wa al-Mulūk. Edited by Muḥammad Abū al-Faḍl Ibrāhīm. Beirut: Dār al-Turāth, 1387 AH.
- Yaʿqūbī, Aḥmad b. Isḥāq. Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1379 AH.
- Ziriklī, Khayr al-Dīn. al-Aʿlām: Qāmūs Tarājim li-Ashhar al-Rijāl wa al-Nisāʾ min al-ʿArab wa al-Mustaʿribīn wa al-Mustashriqīn. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm li-l-Malāyīn, 1989.