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Draft:Verse 18 of Sura al-Tawba

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Verse 18 of Sura al-Tawba
Verse's Information
Suraal-Tawba (Qur'an 9)
Verse18
Juz'10
Content Information
Place of
Revelation		Medina
TopicBeliefs
AboutBuilding mosques
Related VersesVerse 17 of Sura al-Tawba


Qur'an 9:18 identifies the true maintainers of mosques as strictly those who possess faith in God and the Day of Judgment, who establish prayer, pay the zakat, and fear none but God.[1] The verse outlines five prerequisites for the maintenance of mosques, following the assertion in the previous verse that polytheists are disqualified from such a privilege.[2]

According to 'Allama Tabataba'i, neither polytheists nor the People of the Book hold the right to maintain mosques. He argues that polytheists deny God and the Resurrection, while the People of the Book—based on Qur'an 4:151 and Qur'an 9:21—lack valid faith.[3] The centrality of prayer and zakat as pillars within the Furu' al-Din is cited as the reason for their specific stipulation regarding mosque maintainers.[4]

As reported by Shaykh al-Baha'i in Miftah al-falah, exegetes present two interpretations regarding the concept of mosque maintenance (ʿimāra): the first pertains to physical upkeep, such as construction, cleaning, and the provision of furnishings and lighting. The second defines maintenance as spiritual engagement, including visiting the mosque, worshipping within it, and abstaining from worldly or futile matters.[5] Consequently, some commentaries interpret the verse's reference to khashya (fear) of God as a metaphor for worship,[6] while others view it as denoting sincerity in speech and action.[7]

The term masājid (mosques) has also been recited in the singular form, masjid.[8] Accordingly, some exegetes interpret the phrase masājid Allāh (mosques of Allah) in this and the preceding verse as referring specifically to al-Masjid al-Haram, while others maintain it encompasses all mosques.[9] Jawadi Amuli argues that the verse includes all mosques, positioning al-Masjid al-Haram as the supreme exemplar.[10]

See Also

Notes

  1. ↑ Al-Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 5, p. 21; Ṭayyib, Aṭyab al-bayān, 1378 Sh, vol. 6, p. 193; Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i namūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 7, p. 315.
  2. ↑ Jawādī Āmulī, Tafsīr-i tasnīm, 1393 Sh, vol. 33, p. 381; Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i namūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 7, pp. 314-315.
  3. ↑ Al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Al-Mīzān, 1417 AH, vol. 9, p. 203.
  4. ↑ Al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Al-Mīzān, 1417 AH, vol. 9, p. 202.
  5. ↑ Al-Shaykh al-Bahāʾī, Miftāḥ al-falāḥ, 1405 AH, p. 44.
  6. ↑ Al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Al-Mīzān, 1417 AH, vol. 9, p. 202.
  7. ↑ Mughniyya, Tafsīr al-kāshif, 1424 AH, vol. 4, p. 19.
  8. ↑ Al-Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 5, p. 20.
  9. ↑ Al-Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 5, p. 21.
  10. ↑ Jawādī Āmulī, Tafsīr-i tasnīm, 1393 Sh, vol. 33, p. 383.

References

  • Al-Shaykh al-Bahāʾī, Muḥammad b. Ḥusayn, Miftāḥ al-falāḥ fī ʿamal al-yawm wa l-layla min al-wājibāt wa l-mustaḥabbāt, Beirut, Nashr Dār al-Aḍwāʾ, 1st ed., 1405 AH.
  • Al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn, Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Qom, Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 5th ed., 1417 AH.
  • Al-Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. Ḥasan, Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Tehran, Intishārāt-i Nāṣir Khusraw, 1372 Sh.
  • Jawādī Āmulī, ʿAbd Allāh, Tafsīr-i tasnīm, research: Muḥammad Farāhānī and Ḥusayn Ashrafī, Qom, Markaz-i Nashr-i Isrāʾ, 1st ed., 1393 Sh.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir, Tafsīr-i namūna, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1374 Sh.
  • Mughniyya, Muḥammad Jawād, Tafsīr al-kāshif, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1424 AH.
  • Ṭayyib, Sayyid ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn, Aṭyab al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Tehran, Intishārāt-i Islām, 2nd ed., 1378 Sh.
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