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Draft:Verse 3 of Sura al-Nur

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Verse 3 of Sura al-Nur
Verse's Information
SuraSura al-Nur (Qur'an 24)
Verse3
Juz'18
Content Information
Cause of
Revelation		A Muslim man asking permission from the Prophet (s) to marry a woman known for adultery.
Place of
Revelation		Medina
TopicJurisprudential
AboutRuling on marriage with an adulterer
Related VersesQur'an 24:26


Qur'an 24:3 deals with the topic of marriage with adulterers. This verse states that an adulterous man cannot marry anyone except an adulterous or polytheist woman, and an adulterous woman cannot marry anyone except an adulterous or polytheist man. In Qur'an 24:2, the ruling on the punishment and the hadd for adultery is expressed, which is known as the Jald Verse,[1] and in Qur'an 24:4, the ruling on the punishment for qadhf is also expressed, which is known as the Qadhf Verse.[2]

Regarding the cause of revelation of this verse, it is said that a man from the Muslims asked the Prophet (s) for permission to marry a woman named "Umm Mahzul", who was known for adultery during the Age of Ignorance (Jahiliyya) and had set up a flag at the door of her house to identify herself. In response to this request, this verse was revealed.[3] Also, some narrations indicate that this verse is about men and women who were tainted with adultery at the time of the Prophet (s), and God has forbidden Muslims from marrying them in it.[4]

Jurists have used this verse to examine the religious ruling on marriage with an adulterer.[5] There are various views regarding the indication of Qur'an 24:3 on the prohibition or permissibility of marriage with an adulterer.[6] Some jurists believe that the verse contains a prohibitive ruling[7] and marriage with an adulterer before evident repentance is haram.[8] According to Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i, a Shi'a exegete, an adulterer whose repentance has not become evident can only marry an adulterer or polytheist.[9] Others believe the verse does not give the ruling of the prohibition of marriage, but rather merely points to an external reality,[10] such as that an adulterous man only has sexual intercourse with an adulterous woman, and an adulterous woman only with an adulterous man,[11] or that an adulterous man usually desires to marry an adulterous or polytheist woman.[12] Also, some jurists believe that the verse indicates the reprehensibility of marriage with an adulterer,[13] and marriage with chaste individuals is recommended.[14]

Regarding the abrogation of this verse, some believe that Qur'an 24:3 has been abrogated by Qur'an 24:32,[15] but exegetes like Tabataba'i have rejected this view and believe that Qur'an 24:3 has not been abrogated.[16]

Notes

  1. ↑ Khurāsānī, Āya-hā-yi nāmdār, 1388 Sh/2009-10, p. 65.
  2. ↑ For example, see Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1374 Sh/1995-6, vol. 14, p. 392.
  3. ↑ Ṭabarsī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1415/1994-5, vol. 7, p. 220.
  4. ↑ Ṭabarsī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1415/1994-5, vol. 7, p. 220.
  5. ↑ For example, see Muḥaqqiq al-Karakī, Jāmiʿ al-maqāṣid, 1414/1993-4, vol. 12, p. 487; Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, 1362 Sh/1983-4, vol. 29, p. 442.
  6. ↑ Ṭabarsī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1415/1994-5, vol. 7, p. 220; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1393/1973-4, vol. 15, p. 80.
  7. ↑ For example, see Ḥalabī, al-Kāfī fī l-fiqh, 1403/1982-3, p. 286; Ṣadūq, al-Muqniʿ, 1415/1994-5, p. 306; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1393/1973-4, vol. 15, pp. 79-80.
  8. ↑ Ḥalabī, al-Kāfī fī l-fiqh, 1403/1982-3, p. 286; Ṣadūq, al-Muqniʿ, 1415/1994-5, p. 306.
  9. ↑ For example, see Ṣadūq, al-Muqniʿ, 1415/1994-5, p. 306; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1393/1973-4, vol. 15, pp. 79-80.
  10. ↑ Ṣādiqī Fadakī, "Wākāwī-yi adilla-yi 'jawāz yā taḥrīm-i izdiwāj bā zāniya' bā taʾkīd bar Qurʾān-i karīm", p. 160.
  11. ↑ Quṭb al-Rāwandī, Fiqh al-Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 374; Ṭabarsī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1415/1994-5, vol. 7, p. 220.
  12. ↑ Fakhr al-Rāzī, al-Tafsīr al-kabīr, 1420/1999-2000, vol. 23, p. 318; Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, 1362 Sh/1983-4, vol. 29, p. 442.
  13. ↑ For example, see Mūsawī al-ʿĀmilī, Nihāyat al-marām, Muʾassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, vol. 1, p. 145.
  14. ↑ Fāḍil al-Miqdād, Kanz al-ʿirfān fī fiqh al-Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 228.
  15. ↑ Ṭabarsī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1415/1994-5, vol. 7, p. 220; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Riyāḍ al-masāʾil, 1418/1997-8, vol. 11, p. 191.
  16. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1393/1973-4, vol. 15, p. 80.

References

  • Abu l-Ṣalāḥ al-Ḥalabī, Taqī al-Dīn b. Najm al-Dīn. Al-Kāfī fī l-fiqh. Isfahan, Maktabat al-Imām Amīr al-Muʾminīn ʿAlayh al-Salām, 1403/1982-3.
  • Fāḍil al-Miqdād, Miqdād b. ʿAbd Allāh. Kanz al-ʿirfān fī fiqh al-Qurʾān. Tehran, Intishārāt-i Murtaḍawī, 1373 Sh/1994-5.
  • Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar. Al-Tafsīr al-kabīr. Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1420/1999-2000.
  • Khurāsānī, ʿAlī. Āya-hā-yi nāmdār. Qum, Nashr-i Jamāl, 1388 Sh/2009-10.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Tafsīr-i nimūna. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1374 Sh/1995-6.
  • Muḥaqqiq al-Karakī, ʿAlī b. Ḥusayn. Jāmiʿ al-maqāṣid. Qum, Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt, 1414/1993-4.
  • Mūsawī al-ʿĀmilī, Sayyid Muḥammad. Nihāyat al-marām fī tatmīm Majmaʿ al-fāʾida wa l-burhān. Qum, Muʾassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, n.d.
  • Najafī, Muḥammad Ḥasan. Jawāhir al-kalām fī sharḥ sharāʾiʿ al-Islām. Edited by ʿAbbās Qūchānī and ʿAlī Ākhūndī. Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1362 Sh/1983-4.
  • Quṭb al-Rāwandī, Saʿīd b. Hibat Allāh. Fiqh al-Qurʾān. Qum, Kitābkhāna-yi ʿUmūmī-yi Āyat Allāh al-ʿUẓmā Marʿashī Najafī, 1405/1984-5.
  • Ṣādiqī Fadakī, Sayyid Jaʿfar. "Wākāwī-yi adilla-yi 'jawāz yā taḥrīm-i izdiwāj bā zāniya' bā taʾkīd bar Qurʾān-i karīm". Nashriyya-yi Fiqh, vol. 30, no. 116, Day 1402 Sh.
  • Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-Shaykh al-. Al-Muqniʿ. Qum, Muʾassasat al-Imām al-Hādī (a), 1415/1994-5.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid ʿAlī. Riyāḍ al-masāʾil. Qum, Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt, 1418/1997-8.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Beirut, Muʾassasat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1393/1973-4.
  • Ṭabarsī, Faḍl b. Ḥasan al-. Majmaʿ al-bayān. Beirut, Muʾassasat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1415/1994-5.
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