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Qur'an 16:115

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Qur'an 16:115
Verse's Information
Suraal-Nahl (Qur'an 16)
Verse115
Juz'14
Content Information
Place of
Revelation		Mecca
TopicJurisprudential
AboutProhibition of impure foods
Related VersesQur'an 5:3 • Qur'an 2:173 • Qur'an 6:145


Qur'an 16:115 introduces four types of food as impure and haram due to their harmful physical and spiritual effects; they are: carrion (dead meat), blood, the flesh of swine, and the meat of an animal slaughtered in the name of other than God.[1] This verse follows Qur'an 16:114, which considers all pure foods (tayyibat) as Halal. According to Tafsir-i nimuna, this verse is not intended to list all prohibitions, but rather aims to reject the innovations of the polytheists in changing God's rulings and their self-made prohibitions.[2]

The content of this verse, with slight variations, appears in several Meccan and Medinan suras: Qur'an 6:145, Qur'an 2:173, and Qur'an 5:3.[3] The repeated revelation of this content and the emphasis on the prohibition of the stated foods are considered signs of the importance of this subject and their dangers.[4] Furthermore, it indicates the widespread use of these foods in the society of polytheists.[5]

Jurists, based on Qur'an 16:115 and similar verses, consider eating any of the aforementioned items in this verse as haram.[6] al-Shahid al-Awwal, claiming consensus (ijma') among jurists on this ruling, emphasizes that anyone who considers such prohibitions as halal should be killed for the crime of apostasy;[7] because denying such rulings explicitly stated in the Qur'an is considered a denial of the Qur'an itself.[8]

Based on this verse and several narrations, jurists have forbidden wearing clothes made from the skin of a carcass for a person performing prayer[9] and consider it a cause for the invalidity of the prayer.[10] Additionally, citing this verse, the sale of dead meat and ritually impure blood has been declared haram.[11] Furthermore, jurists, noting the final part of the verse ("But whoever is compelled... neither being rebellious..."), have argued that in emergency conditions, consuming the items forbidden in this verse is not religiously prohibited.[12]

In hadith[13] and exegetical sources,[14] regarding the philosophy and wisdom behind the prohibition of each food mentioned in Verse 115 of al-Nahl, physical, psychological, and spiritual harms resulting from their consumption are mentioned. For instance, the consumption of dead meat is considered a cause of physical weakness and sexual dysfunction,[15] and the dietary use of blood is said to cause ill-temper and hard-heartedness.[16] Moreover, some studies refer to the connection between consuming pork and sexual promiscuity and a decrease in protective zeal (ghayra).[17]

Notes

  1. ↑ Faḍl Allāh, Min waḥy al-Qurʾān, 1419 AH, vol. 3, p. 187.
  2. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 1, pp. 582-583.
  3. ↑ Qarāʾatī, Tafsīr-i nūr, 1383 Sh, vol. 6, p. 467.
  4. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 1, p. 588.
  5. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 1, p. 588.
  6. ↑ Ṭāhirī Khurramābādī, "al-Dhabāḥa wa aḥkāmuhā", vol. 13, p. 113.
  7. ↑ Shahīd al-Awwal, al-Lumʿa al-Damishqiyya, 1410 AH, p. 260.
  8. ↑ Shūshtarī, al-Najʿa, 1406 AH, vol. 11, p. 144.
  9. ↑ Shūshtarī, al-Najʿa, 1406 AH, vol. 10, pp. 262-263.
  10. ↑ Khūʾī, Mawsūʿat al-Imām al-Khūʾī, 1418 AH, vol. 12, p. 151.
  11. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Manāhil, al-Al al-Bayt (a) Institute, p. 274.
  12. ↑ Ḥillī, Īḍāḥ al-fawāʾid, 1387 AH, vol. 4, p. 153.
  13. ↑ Barqī, al-Maḥāsin, 1371 AH, vol. 2, p. 334, hadith 104; Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, 1407 AH, vol. 6, p. 242, hadith 1; Shaykh al-Mufīd, al-Ikhtiṣāṣ, 1413 AH, p. 103; Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa, 1409 AH, vol. 24, p. 100, hadith 1.
  14. ↑ Mughniyya, al-Tafsīr al-kāshif, 1424 AH, vol. 1, p. 264; Sayyid Quṭb, Fī ẓilāl al-Qurʾān, 1425 AH, vol. 1, pp. 156-157; Faḍl Allāh, Min waḥy al-Qurʾān, 1419 AH, vol. 3, p. 190; Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 1, pp. 584-588.
  15. ↑ Faḍl Allāh, Min waḥy al-Qurʾān, 1419 AH, vol. 3, p. 189.
  16. ↑ Faḍl Allāh, Min waḥy al-Qurʾān, 1419 AH, vol. 3, p. 190.
  17. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 1, p. 587.

References

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