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Draft:Verse 75 of Sura al-Nisa

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Verse 75 of Sura al-Nisa' is in rebuke of those Muslims[1] who do not perform Jihad in the way of God and for the rescue of the oppressed who are caught by the oppressors.[2] The "Mustad'afun" (oppressed) are considered to be the Muslims who had embraced faith in Mecca, but the polytheists prevented their emigration to Medina and harassed and persecuted them; therefore, they asked God through supplication for help and rescue from the polytheists.[3] "Mustad'af" refers to someone who has been weakened by the oppression of tyrants, as opposed to "Da'if" (weak), who is inherently powerless.[4]

This verse states that those oppressed ones, in their supplication, ask God to be released from the environment of oppression and tyranny.[5] They also request God to send a guardian or a helper for their support.[6]

﴿وَمَا لَكُمْ لَا تُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَالْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا أَخْرِجْنَا مِنْ هَذِهِ الْقَرْيَةِ الظَّالِمِ أَهْلُهَا وَاجْعَلْ لَنَا مِنْ لَدُنْكَ وَلِيًّا وَاجْعَلْ لَنَا مِنْ لَدُنْكَ نَصِيرًا ۝75﴾

 [نساء:75]

The author of al-Mīzān states in the interpretation of this verse that to stimulate the believers, God mentions Jihad in the way of God, but regarding those whose faith is incomplete or impure, the oppression of children and women is mentioned to arouse their sense of zeal and emotion.[7] It is said that in the previous verse, the invitation of believers to Jihad was made with emphasis on faith in God and the Resurrection; whereas in this verse, the invitation to Jihad is through stimulating human emotions.[8]

Two rulings have been extracted from Verse 75 of Sura al-Nisa' first, the obligation of emigration from the land of Shirk for those who have the ability, and second, the obligation of providing aid to the oppressed Muslims who are unable to repel oppression.[9] Some exegetes believe that the apparent meaning of the verse shows there is no difference between Muslims and non-Muslims in the obligation of support; rather, the criterion is the individuals being oppressed.[10]

In exegetical sources, it is emphasized that supporting the oppressed is one of the prominent principles considered by Islam, and the religion pays special attention to it.[11] Also, the Jihad mentioned in this verse is considered Initial Jihad from an outward perspective, but in reality, it is a type of defensive and liberating Jihad; because its goal is the defense of violated rights and the rescue of the oppressed from the bond of tyrants.[12]

The purpose of Verse 75 of Sura al-Nisa' is considered to be encouraging believers to Jihad in the way of God, the rescue of the helpless, and the establishment of a government of justice.[13] It is also said that this verse clarifies the status of supplication; for it both reports the supplication of the oppressed and states the promise of its fulfillment by God.[14]

Notes

  1. ↑ Qarāʾatī, Tafsīr-i nūr, 1388 Sh, vol. 2, p. 107.
  2. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1371 Sh, vol. 4, p. 9.
  3. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 3, p. 117; Ṭabrisī, Jawāmiʿ al-jāmiʿ, 1372 Sh, vol. 1, p. 270.
  4. ↑ Subḥānī, Manshūr-i jāwīd, vol. 14, p. 38.
  5. ↑ Qarāʾatī, Tafsīr-i nūr, 1388 Sh, vol. 2, p. 106.
  6. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1371 Sh, vol. 4, p. 10.
  7. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1390 AH, vol. 4, p. 419.
  8. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1371 Sh, vol. 4, p. 9.
  9. ↑ Shahābī, Adwār-i fiqh, 1387 Sh, vol. 2, p. 69; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1390 AH, vol. 4, p. 419; Qurashī Binābī, Aḥsan al-ḥadīth, 1375 Sh, vol. 2, p. 403.
  10. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Payām-i Qurʾān, 1386 Sh, vol. 8, p. 381.
  11. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Payām-i Qurʾān, 1386 Sh, vol. 8, p. 381.
  12. ↑ Subḥānī, Manshūr-i jāwīd, 1390 Sh, vol. 14, p. 22.
  13. ↑ Qurashī Binābī, Aḥsan al-ḥadīth, 1375 Sh, vol. 2, p. 403.
  14. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 3, p. 117.

References

  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Payām-i Qurʾān. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1386 Sh.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Tafsīr-i nimūna. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1371 Sh.
  • Qarāʾatī, Muḥsin. Tafsīr-i nūr. Tehran: Markaz-i Farhangī-yi Dars-hā-yī az Qurʾān, 1388 Sh.
  • Qurashī Binābī, ʿAlī Akbar. Aḥsan al-ḥadīth. Tehran: Bunyād-i Biʿthat, 1375 Sh.
  • Shahābī, Maḥmūd. Adwār-i fiqh. Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, 1387 Sh.
  • Subḥānī, Jaʿfar. Manshūr-i jāwīd. Qom: Imam Sadiq (a) Institute, n.d.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1390 AH.
  • Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. Jawāmiʿ al-jāmiʿ. Tehran: Nāṣir Khusraw, 1372 Sh.
  • Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Tehran: Nāṣir Khusraw, 1372 Sh.
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