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Draft:Verse 75 of Sura al-Nisa

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Verse 75 of Sura al-Nisa
Verse's Information
Suraal-Nisa' (Qur'an 4)
Verse75
Juz'5
Content Information
Place of
Revelation		Medina
TopicJihad in the way of Allah and for the rescue of the oppressed


Qur'an 4:75 serves as a rebuke to Muslims[1] who abstain from Jihad in the path of God and fail to rescue the oppressed suffering under tyranny.[2] The "Mustad'afun" (oppressed) are identified as Muslims who embraced the faith in Mecca but were prevented by polytheists from undertaking the emigration to Medina, facing harassment and persecution instead. Consequently, they beseeched God through supplication for assistance and deliverance from the polytheists.[3] The term "Mustad'af" denotes one who has been weakened by the oppression of tyrants, in contrast to "Da'if" (weak), which implies inherent powerlessness.[4]

The verse relates that these oppressed individuals pray to God for deliverance from their environment of oppression and tyranny.[5] They further implore God to send a guardian or helper to support them.[6]

In his commentary on this verse, the author of al-Mizan notes that to motivate believers, God references Jihad in His way; however, for those whose faith is incomplete or impure, He highlights the oppression of women and children to evoke a sense of zeal and emotion.[7] While the preceding verse invites believers to Jihad by emphasizing faith in God and the Resurrection, this verse appeals to human compassion as an incitement to Jihad.[8]

Two specific rulings are derived from Qur'an 4:75: first, the obligation of emigration from the land of Shirk for those capable of doing so; and second, the obligation to aid oppressed Muslims unable to repel tyranny.[9] Some exegetes argue that the verse's apparent meaning suggests no distinction between Muslims and non-Muslims regarding the obligation of support; rather, the criterion is simply the fact of being oppressed.[10]

Exegetical sources emphasize that supporting the oppressed is a fundamental principle of Islam, to which the religion accords special attention.[11] Furthermore, while the Jihad mentioned here may appear to be Initial Jihad outwardly, it is fundamentally a defensive and liberating Jihad, as its objective is the defense of violated rights and the rescue of the oppressed from the clutches of tyrants.[12]

The primary purpose of Qur'an 4:75 is considered to be the encouragement of believers to undertake Jihad in the way of God, rescue the helpless, and establish a government of justice.[13] Additionally, the verse clarifies the status of supplication by reporting the prayers of the oppressed and affirming God's promise to fulfill them.[14]

Notes

  1. ↑ Qarāʾatī, Tafsīr-i nūr, 1388 Sh, vol. 2, p. 107.
  2. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1371 Sh, vol. 4, p. 9.
  3. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 3, p. 117; Ṭabrisī, Jawāmiʿ al-jāmiʿ, 1372 Sh, vol. 1, p. 270.
  4. ↑ Subḥānī, Manshūr-i jāwīd, vol. 14, p. 38.
  5. ↑ Qarāʾatī, Tafsīr-i nūr, 1388 Sh, vol. 2, p. 106.
  6. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1371 Sh, vol. 4, p. 10.
  7. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1390 AH, vol. 4, p. 419.
  8. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1371 Sh, vol. 4, p. 9.
  9. ↑ Shahābī, Adwār-i fiqh, 1387 Sh, vol. 2, p. 69; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1390 AH, vol. 4, p. 419; Qurashī Binābī, Aḥsan al-ḥadīth, 1375 Sh, vol. 2, p. 403.
  10. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Payām-i Qurʾān, 1386 Sh, vol. 8, p. 381.
  11. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Payām-i Qurʾān, 1386 Sh, vol. 8, p. 381.
  12. ↑ Subḥānī, Manshūr-i jāwīd, 1390 Sh, vol. 14, p. 22.
  13. ↑ Qurashī Binābī, Aḥsan al-ḥadīth, 1375 Sh, vol. 2, p. 403.
  14. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 3, p. 117.

References

  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Payām-i Qurʾān. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1386 Sh.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Tafsīr-i nimūna. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1371 Sh.
  • Qarāʾatī, Muḥsin. Tafsīr-i nūr. Tehran: Markaz-i Farhangī-yi Dars-hā-yī az Qurʾān, 1388 Sh.
  • Qurashī Binābī, ʿAlī Akbar. Aḥsan al-ḥadīth. Tehran: Bunyād-i Biʿthat, 1375 Sh.
  • Shahābī, Maḥmūd. Adwār-i fiqh. Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, 1387 Sh.
  • Subḥānī, Jaʿfar. Manshūr-i jāwīd. Qom: Imam Sadiq (a) Institute, n.d.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1390 AH.
  • Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. Jawāmiʿ al-jāmiʿ. Tehran: Nāṣir Khusraw, 1372 Sh.
  • Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Tehran: Nāṣir Khusraw, 1372 Sh.
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