Book of 'Ali

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The Book of ʿAlī (Arabic: کتاب علي), also known as al-Jāmiʿa (The compendium), is a collection of hadiths dictated by the Prophet (s) and transcribed by Imam Ali (a). This book is considered a trust of the Imamate, and possession of it signifies the rightfulness claim of its holder to the Imamate position. According to hadiths, al-Jami'a contains all Shari'a laws, even the most specific ones. It also includes teachings on ethics, beliefs, stories of the prophets, and esoteric narratives.

Some hadiths suggest that a few individuals outside the Ahl al-Bayt (a) also saw the book, including Muhammad b. Muslim, Zurara b. A'yan, and al-Mansur al-'Abbasi. Mahdi Mihrizi authored a book titled Kitab 'Ali, in which he discusses al-Jami'a.

Introduction and Significance

According to Shia hadiths, al-Jami'a is a book dictated by the Prophet (s) and transcribed by Imam Ali.[1] The book is also known by other titles, such as al-Sahifa[2] and Kitab 'Ali,[3] which researchers believe refer to the same text, given the identical characteristics attributed to all of them.[4] However, Aqa Buzurg Tihrani (d. 1389 AH/1970) argues that Kitab 'Ali is distinct from al-Jami'a.[5]

Al-Jami'a as a Sign of Imamate

Main article: Trusts of Imamate

According to certain hadiths, al-Jami'a is a trust of the Imamate, signifying the rightful claim of its holder to Imamate.[6] Aqa Buzurg Tihrani argues that like other trusts associated with the Imamate, the Book of 'Ali was passed down among the Imams of the Shia and is now in the possession of Imam al-Mahdi (a).[7]

Contents of the Book

According to numerous hadiths, all rulings about halal and haram, including nuanced issues such as the diya (blood money) for merely scratching someone's skin, are mentioned in al-Jami'a.[8] Some researchers speculate that the book is called al-Jami'a (literally, "comprehensive" or "compendium") due to its inclusion of all Sharia rulings.[9] Sayyid Husayn Mudarrisi Tabataba'i, a Shia researcher of the twenty-first century, cited various hadiths in his book Tradition and Survival, suggesting that the Book of 'Ali encompassed the following contents: Rulings of ancillaries of the religion (including prayer, hajj, jihad, marriage, divorce, judgeship, testimony, hudud, and diyat), ethics, beliefs and virtues, stories of the prophets, and esoteric narratives.[10]

Reporters

According to Majid Ma'arif (b. 1953), over forty individuals have reported the existence of the book al-Jami'a.[11] Some hadiths mention that several companions of the Imams, including Muhammad b. Muslim,[12] Zurara b. A'yan,[13] Abu Basir al-Muradi,[14] 'Abd al-Malik b. A'yan,[15] and Mu'attab,[16] as well as some of their adversaries, such as al-Mansur al-'Abbasi, had seen the book al-Jami'a.[17] Sayyid Muhammad Kazim al-Tabataba'i suggests that eighty hadiths cited in Wasa'il al-Shi'a are, in fact, quoted from the Book of 'Ali.[18]

Sunni Perspective

Some researchers suggest that, unlike in Shia accounts where the Book of Jafr and al-Jami'a and their contents are distinguished, there is no such distinction in Sunni reports. In some Sunni accounts where the two books are differentiated, their contents are said to be identical.[19] Al-Sayyid Mir Sharif al-Jurjani, a Hanafi scholar of the eighth/fourteenth century, believes that al-Jami'a was written using an encoded method based on the science of letters ('ilm al-huruf).[20] Haji Khalifa identifies the Book of Jafr as the Tablet of Predestination (qada'), and al-Jami'a as the Tablet of Fate (qadar).[21]

Characteristics

According to some hadiths, the Book of 'Ali is described as having a length of seventy cubits (approximately 35 meters)[22] and a width equal to that of a camel's thigh,[23] indicating its substantial size and volume.[24] However, other hadiths suggest that the book was small enough to fit within a sword scabbard. [25]Some researchers, citing additional hadiths, argue that the smaller book was only a portion of the original text.[26] Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Tabataba'i (b. 1965) believes that the smaller book was a different text, distinct from the Book of 'Ali.[27]

Monographs

Mahdi Mihrizi authored a book titled Kitab 'Ali about the Book of 'Ali, published by Sahifa Khirad in 2011, with a total of 220 pages.[28]

See Also

Notes

  1. ↑ Ṣaffār, Baṣāʾir al-darajāt, p. 142-146; Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 1, p. 239.
  2. ↑ Ṣaffār, Baṣāʾir al-darajāt, p. 153-155.
  3. ↑ Ahwāzī, al-Zuhd, p. 39; Ashʿarī, al-Nawādir, p. 79; Barqī, Kitāb al-maḥāsin, vol. 1, p. 107, 273.
  4. ↑ Bahārdūst, Jifr wa jāmiʿa, 476.
  5. ↑ Tihrānī, al-Dharīʿa, vol. 2, p. 305-306.
  6. ↑ Ṣadūq, Maʿānī al-akhbār, p. 102-103; Ṣadūq, Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, vol. 4, p. 418-419.
  7. ↑ Tihrānī, al-Dharīʿa, vol. 2, p. 305.
  8. ↑ Ṣaffār, Baṣāʾir al-darajāt, p. 142-146; Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 1, p. 239.
  9. ↑ Bahārdūst, Jifr wa jāmiʿa, 477.
  10. ↑ Mudarrisī Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Mīrāth-i maktūb-i Shīʿa , p. 32-36.
  11. ↑ Maʿārif, Pajūhishī dar tārīkh-i ḥadīth-i Shīʿa, p. 43-45.
  12. ↑ Ṭūsī, al-Tahdhīb, vol. 9, p. 271.
  13. ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 7, p. 94.
  14. ↑ Ṣaffār, Baṣāʾir al-darajāt, p. 143.
  15. ↑ Ṣaffār, Baṣāʾir al-darajāt, p. 153.
  16. ↑ Ṣaffār, Baṣāʾir al-darajāt, p. 145.
  17. ↑ Jundī, al-Imām Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq, p. 200.
  18. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Tārīkh-i hadīth-i Shīʿa, vol. 1, p. 69.
  19. ↑ Bahārdūst, Jifr wa jāmiʿa, 477.
  20. ↑ Jurjānī, Sharḥ al-mawāqif, vol. 6, p. 22.
  21. ↑ Ḥājī Khalīfa, Kashf al-ẓunūn, vol. 1, p. 591.
  22. ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 1, p. 239; Ṣadūq, Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, vol. 4, p. 419.
  23. ↑ Ṭūsī, al-Tahdhīb, vol. 9, p. 271.
  24. ↑ Bahārdūst, Jifr wa jāmiʿa, 477.
  25. ↑ Barqī, Kitāb al-maḥāsin, vol. 1, p. 17-18; Nasāʾī, al-Sunan al-kubrā, vol. 8, p. 56.
  26. ↑ Bahārdūst, Jifr wa jāmiʿa, 477.
  27. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Tārīkh-i hadīth-i Shīʿa, vol. 1, p. 65-66.
  28. ↑ Mihrīzī, Kitāb ʿAlī.

References

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  • Ashʿarī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. ʿĪsā al-. Al-Nawādir. Qom: Madrasa-yi Imām Mahdī (a), 1408 AH.
  • Bahārdūst, ʿAlī Riḍā. Jifr wa jāmiʿa. dar dānishnāma-yi Jahān-i Islām. Tehran: Bunyād-i Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Islāmī, 1385 Sh.
  • Barqī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad. Kitāb al-maḥāsin. Qom: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1371 AH.
  • Ḥājī Khalīfa. Muṣṭafā b. ʿAbd Allāh. Kashf al-ẓunūn ʿan asāmī al-kutub wa al-funūn. Baghdad: Maktabat al-muthannā, 1941.
  • Jundī, ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm al-. Al-Imām Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq. Cairo: al-Majlis al-aʿlā li al-shuʾun al-Islāmiyya, 1397 AH.
  • Jurjānī, Mīr Sayyid Sharīf. Sharḥ al-mawāqif. Qom: al-Sharīf al-Raḍī, 1325 AH.
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  • Mihrīzī, Mahdī. Kitāb ʿAlī. Qom: Ṣaḥīfa-yi khirad, 1390 Sh.
  • Mudarrisī Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Ḥusyan. Mīrāth-i maktūb-i Shīʿa . Qom: Nashr-i Muwarrikh, 1386 Sh.
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  • Ṣaffār, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan. Baṣāʾir al-darajāt fī faḍāʾil-i Āl-i Muḥammad. Qom: Kitābkhāna-yi Āyat Allāh al-Marʿashī, 1404 AH.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Kāẓim al-. Tārīkh-i hadīth-i Shīʿa. Tehran: Samt, 1388 Sh.
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  • Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. Tahdhīb al-aḥkām. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH.
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