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Salman minna Ahl al-Bayt

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Salmān minnā Ahl al-Bayt
The hadith "Salman minna Ahl al-Bayt" in Thuluth script by Muhammad Ta'rifi
The hadith "Salman minna Ahl al-Bayt" in Thuluth script by Muhammad Ta'rifi
SubjectVirtues of Salman al-Farsi
Issued byProphet Muhammad (s)
Validity of the chain of transmissionSahih and Mutawatir
Shi'a sources'Uyun akhbar al-Rida • Misbah al-mutahajjid • Majma' al-bayan • al-Ikhtisas
Sunni sourcesal-Tabaqat al-kubra • al-Sira al-nabawiyya


Salmān minnā Ahl al-Bayt (Arabic: سَلْمانُ مِنّا اَهل‌َ‌البیت; lit. "Salman is from us, the Ahl al-Bayt") is a famous, Mutawatir, and Sahih hadith from Prophet Muhammad (s) regarding the virtues and status of Salman al-Farsi. Some Imams of the Shi'a such as Imam Ali (a), Imam al-Sajjad (a), and Imam al-Baqir (a) have also narrated this hadith independently or quoting the Messenger of God (s).

The event of digging the trench in the Battle of Khandaq and the remark of 'Umar b. al-Khattab regarding Salman not being an Arab are among the events reported as the context of the issuance of this hadith by the Messenger of God (s).

Al-Shaykh al-Saduq, al-Shaykh al-Tusi, and al-Shaykh al-Mufid are among the Shi'a scholars, and Ibn Sa'd and Ibn Hisham are among the Sunni scholars who have narrated this hadith in their books.

Some have said that the Prophet's intention by the hadith "Salman minna Ahl al-Bayt" is that Salman is upon our religion. Others have considered this hadith as an expression of Salman's status in terms of the closeness of his beliefs, ethics, and actions to Prophet Muhammad (s).

Introduction and Status

"Salman minna Ahl al-Bayt; Salman is from us, the Ahl al-Bayt (a)" is a hadith that, according to Shi'a researchers, was first issued by Prophet Muhammad (s).[1] Based on hadith sources, some Imams of the Shi'a have also stated it directly or quoting the Prophet (s).[2] For example, Imam Ali (a), in response to a question about Salman, mentioned him as being from the Ahl al-Bayt (a).[3] In the book al-Kafi written by al-Kulayni (d. 329/941), a hadith is narrated from Imam al-Sajjad (a) with different phrasings in which Salman is considered from the Ahl al-Bayt.[4] Also, according to a hadith in the book Rawdat al-wa'izin written by Fattal al-Naysaburi, Salman al-Farsi was mentioned before Imam al-Baqir (a). The Imam asked them to be silent and told them to call him "Salman al-Muhammadi", because he is from the Ahl al-Bayt (a).[5] In Rijal al-Kashshi, a narration is also reported from Imam al-Sadiq (a) regarding "Salman minna Ahl al-Bayt".[6]

Origin of Issuance

There are differences in sources regarding the event that led to the issuance of this hadith.[7] Al-Fadl b. al-Hasan al-Tabrisi, the Shi'a exegete, and Ibn Sa'd, the Sunni biographer, have reported that the Prophet (s) specified a limit for Muslims to dig the trench in the Battle of Khandaq. The Muhajirun and the Ansar disputed over Salman, who was a strong man, and each group wanted Salman for themselves. Then the Prophet (s) called him one of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) with the phrase "Salman minna Ahl al-Bayt".[8]

Al-Shaykh al-Mufid has written in a different report that when Prophet Muhammad (s) heard the remark of 'Umar b. al-Khattab about Salman not being an Arab, he went on the minbar and while delivering a Sermon describing that humans have no superiority over one another due to race and skin color except by Taqwa, he called Salman an unending sea and an imperishable treasure and considered him from the Ahl al-Bayt.[9] In the Book of Sulaym b. Qays al-Hilali, a narration is cited that the Prophet (s) asked everyone except the Ahl al-Bayt to leave the gathering. Salman was also leaving when the Prophet (s) asked him to stay, because he is from the Ahl al-Bayt.[10]

Validity and Sources

The hadith "Salman minna Ahl al-Bayt" is among the famous, reliable,[11] and Mutawatir hadiths.[12] Some researchers have considered this Sahih al-Sanad (authentically transmitted) and firm hadith not as a single hadith, but as a common part of several hadiths[13] from the Prophet of Islam (s) and the Imams (a).[14]

Al-Shaykh al-Saduq in 'Uyun akhbar al-Rida,[15] al-Shaykh al-Tusi in al-Tibyan and Misbah al-mutahajjid,[16] al-Shaykh al-Mufid in al-Ikhtisas,[17] Ibn Shahrashub in Manaqib Al Abi Talib,[18] Ahmad b. Ali al-Tabrisi in al-Ihtijaj,[19] and also Sulaym b. Qays[20] are among the Shi'a scholars who have narrated this hadith. Ibn Sa'd in al-Tabaqat al-kubra[21] and Ibn Hisham in al-Sira al-nabawiyya[22] are also among the Sunni scholars who have narrated this hadith.

Interpretations

Muslim scholars have had different interpretations of the hadith "Salman minna Ahl al-Bayt":

Al-Fadl b. al-Hasan al-Tabrisi and al-Shaykh al-Tusi said that the Prophet's intention was that Salman is upon our religion.[23] Others have written that the hadith expresses the status of Salman, who had become close to Prophet Muhammad (s) in terms of belief, ethics, and actions.[24]

The book Salman minna Ahl al-Bayt

Ibn al-Arabi, the Muslim mystic, considered this sentence as the Prophet's testimony to the degree of purity, divine protection, and infallibility of Salman; with the argument that in the Verse of Tathir, God purified the Prophet and the Ahl al-Bayt from Rijs (impurity) because they were His absolute servants, and anyone who resembles them also joins the Prophet and the Ahl al-Bayt. Thus, this verse includes Salman as well;[25] however, Mulla Muhsin al-Fayd al-Kashani rejected Ibn al-Arabi's points and the extension of the Verse of Tathir to Salman and others other than the Ahl al-Bayt (a) and even considered mentioning it impermissible.[26]

Some researchers have considered knowledge of the true status of the Ahl al-Bayt (a)[27] and others have considered specific attributes and characteristics that were in Salman[28] as the secrets of Salman reaching a station where the Prophet of Islam (s) and the Imams (a) mentioned him as being from themselves.

Monograph

Muhammad Ali Asbar wrote a book in Arabic titled Salman minna Ahl al-Bayt in 1413/1992-23, which was published by al-Dar al-Islamiyya publications in Beirut in 354 pages. This book is about the life of Salman al-Farsi, his biography, and the hadith "Salman minna Ahl al-Bayt".[29]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ḥusaynī Amīn & Mūsawī, "Barrasī-yi vīzhagīhā-yi 'minnā' būdan-i Salmān-i Fārsī...", p. 50.
  2. ↑ Ḥusaynī Amīn & Mūsawī, "Barrasī-yi vīzhagīhā-yi 'minnā' būdan-i Salmān-i Fārsī...", p. 50.
  3. ↑ Ṭabrisī, al-Iḥtijāj, vol. 1, p. 260.
  4. ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 1, p. 401.
  5. ↑ Fattāl al-Naysābūrī, Rawḍat al-wāʿiẓīn, vol. 2, p. 283.
  6. ↑ Kashshī, Rijāl al-Kashshī, p. 12 cited in Ḥusaynī Amīn & Mūsawī, "Barrasī-yi wīzhigīhā-yi 'minnā' būdan-i Salmān-i Fārsī...", p. 49.
  7. ↑ Ṣadūq, ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā (a), vol. 2, p. 64; Ṭūsī, Miṣbāḥ al-mutahajjid, vol. 2, p. 817.
  8. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 2, p. 726, vol. 8, p. 533; Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 4, p. 62.
  9. ↑ Mufīd, al-Ikhtiṣāṣ, p. 341.
  10. ↑ Ḥusaynī Amīn & Mūsawī, "Barrasī-yi vīzhigīhā-yi 'minnā' būdan-i Salmān-i Fārsī...", p. 49.
  11. ↑ Jūyā, "Akhbār-i mashkūk dar mīrāth-i maʾthūr-i akhlāqī", p. 102.
  12. ↑ Ḥusaynī Amīn & Mūsawī, "Barrasī-yi vīzhigīhā-yi 'minnā' būdan-i Salmān-i Fārsī...", p. 65; Baṣīrī & Shafīʿī, "Barrasī-yi taḥlīlī-yi ḥadīth-i 'Salmān minnā Ahl al-Bayt'", pp. 163, 169.
  13. ↑ Baṣīrī & Shafīʿī, "Barrasī-yi taḥlīlī-yi ḥadīth-i 'Salmān minnā Ahl al-Bayt'", pp. 163, 169.
  14. ↑ Ḥusaynī Amīn & Mūsawī, "Barrasī-yi vīzhigīhā-yi 'minnā' būdan-i Salmān-i Fārsī...", p. 50.
  15. ↑ Ṣadūq, ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā (a), vol. 2, p. 64.
  16. ↑ Ṭūsī, Miṣbāḥ al-mutahajjid, vol. 2, p. 817.
  17. ↑ Mufīd, al-Ikhtiṣāṣ, p. 341.
  18. ↑ Ibn Shahrāshūb, Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib, vol. 1, p. 85.
  19. ↑ Ṭabrisī, al-Iḥtijāj, vol. 1, p. 260.
  20. ↑ Sulaym b. Qays, vol. 2, p. 965 cited in Ḥusaynī Amīn & Mūsawī, "Barrasī-yi vīzhigīhā-yi 'minnā' būdan-i Salmān-i Fārsī...", p. 49.
  21. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 4, p. 62.
  22. ↑ Ibn Hishām, al-Sīra al-nabawiyya, vol. 1, p. 70.
  23. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 5, p. 253; Ṭūsī, al-Tibyān, vol. 5, p. 494.
  24. ↑ "Ḥadīth-i 'Salmān minnā Ahl al-Bayt' bā inḥiṣār-i 'Ahl al-Bayt' dar Panj Tan-i Āl-i ʿAbā dar āya-yi taṭhīr chigūna qābil-i jamʿ ast?", Website-i Muʾassisa-yi Taḥqīqātī-yi Ḥaḍrat-i Walī al-ʿAṣr (aj); Rasūlī et al., "Tarjuma", in Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 26, p. 174.
  25. ↑ Ibn al-ʿArabī, al-Futūḥāt al-makkiyya, vol. 1, pp. 195–196.
  26. ↑ Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, Bishārat al-Shīʿa, p. 152, cited in Ḥusaynī Ṭihrānī, Rūḥ-i mujarrad, p. 446.
  27. ↑ "Sirrī ki Salmān rā juzv-i Ahl al-Bayt sākhta, chīst?", Website-i Khabar Online; "Dr. Bābak ʿĀlīkhānī ʿunwān kard: Salmān dar āyīna-yi futūḥāt", Website-i Muʾassisa-yi Pazhūhishī-yi Ḥikmat wa Falsafa-yi Īrān.
  28. ↑ Ḥusaynī Amīn & Mūsawī, "Barrasī-yi vīzhigīhā-yi 'minnā' būdan-i Salmān-i Fārsī...", pp. 52–53.
  29. ↑ See: "Salmān minnā Ahl al-Bayt", Website-i Kitābkhāna-yi Takhaṣṣuṣī-yi Amīr al-Muʾminīn ʿAlī (a); Asbar, Salmān minnā Ahl al-Bayt, p. 4.

References

  • Asbar, Muḥammad ʿAlī. Salmān minnā Ahl al-Bayt. Beirut: Al-Dār al-Islāmiyya, 1413 AH.
  • Baṣīrī, Ḥamīd Riḍā & Sayyid Rūḥullāh Shafīʿī. "Barrasī-yi taḥlīlī-yi ḥadīth-i ‘Salmān minnā Ahl al-Bayt’". In Majalla-yi Ḥadīth-pazhūhī, no. 7, Spring–Summer 1391 Sh.
  • Fattāl al-Naysābūrī, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan. Rawḍat al-wāʿiẓīn wa baṣīrat al-muttaʿiẓīn. Qom: Intishārāt-i Raḍī, 1st ed., 1375 Sh.
  • Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, Muḥsin al-. Bishārat al-Shīʿa. Qom: n.p., n.d.
  • Ḥusaynī Amīn, Sayyid Murtaḍā & Sayyid Muḥsin Mūsavī. "Barrasī-yi vīzhagīhā-yi ‘minnā’ būdan-i Salmān-i Fārsī bar asās-i taḥlīl-i riwāyāt-i ‘laysa minnā’". In Faṣlnāma-yi Ḥadīth wa Andīsha, no. 26, Autumn–Winter 1397 Sh.
  • Ḥusaynī Ṭihrānī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Rūḥ-i mujarrad. Mashhad: Intishārāt-i ʿAllāma Ṭabāṭabāʾī, 8th ed., 1425 AH.
  • Ibn al-ʿArabī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī. Al-Futūḥāt al-makkiyya. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, n.d.
  • Ibn Hishām, ʿAbd al-Malik. Al-Sīra al-nabawiyya. Edited by Ibrāhīm Ābyārī, Muṣṭafā Saqqā, & ʿAbd al-Ḥafīẓ Shiblī. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, n.d.
  • Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad. Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭā. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1410 AH.
  • Ibn Shahrāshūb, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī. Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib. Edited by Muḥammad Ḥusayn Āshtiyānī & Hāshim Rasūlī. Qom: Nashr-i ʿAllāma, 1st ed., 1379 AH.
  • Jūyā, Jahānbakhsh. "Akhbār-i mashkūk dar mīrāth-i maʾthūr-i akhlāqī". In Quarterly journal of Muṭālaʿāt-i Akhlāq-i Kārburdī, no. 8, September 1386 Sh.
  • Kashshī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. Rijāl al-Kashshī. Edited by Ḥasan Muṣṭafavī. Mashhad: Dānishgāh-i Mashhad, 1348 Sh.
  • Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. Al-Kāfī. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī & Muḥammad Ākhūndī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1363 Sh.
  • Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. Al-Ikhtiṣāṣ. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī & Maḥmūd Muḥarramī Zarandī. Qom: Al-Muʾtamar al-ʿĀlamī li-Alfiyya al-Shaykh al-Mufīd, 1st ed., 1413 AH.
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