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Salman minna Ahl al-Bayt

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Salmān minnā Ahl al-Bayt
The hadith "Salman minna Ahl al-Bayt" in Thuluth script by Muhammad Ta'rifi
The hadith "Salman minna Ahl al-Bayt" in Thuluth script by Muhammad Ta'rifi
SubjectVirtues of Salman al-Farsi
Issued byProphet Muhammad (s)
Validity of the chain of transmissionSahih and Mutawatir
Shi'a sources'Uyun akhbar al-Rida • Misbah al-mutahajjid • Majma' al-bayan • al-Ikhtisas
Sunni sourcesal-Tabaqat al-kubra • al-Sira al-nabawiyya


Salmān minnā Ahl al-Bayt (Arabic: سَلْمانُ مِنّا اَهْلَ البَیت, "Salmān is from us, the Ahl al-Bayt") is a famous, widely transmitted, and authentic-chain hadith from the Prophet Muhammad (s) concerning the virtues and rank of Salman al-Farsi. Some of the Imams of the Shia, such as Imam Ali (a), Imam al-Sajjad (a), and Imam al-Baqir (a), have also narrated this hadith independently or by quoting the Messenger of God (s).

The incident of digging the trench during the Battle of the Confederates and the remark by 'Umar b. al-Khattab regarding Salman not being an Arab are among the events reported as the reason for the issuance of this hadith by the Messenger of God (s).

Al-Shaykh al-Saduq, al-Shaykh al-Tusi, and al-Shaykh al-Mufid are among the Shia scholars, and Ibn Sa'd and Ibn Hisham are among the Sunni scholars who have narrated this hadith in their books.

Some have said that the Messenger of God's intention in the hadith "Salmān minnā ahl al-bayt" is that Salman is upon our religion. Others have considered this hadith to be an expression of Salman's rank in terms of the closeness of his belief, morals, and deeds to Prophet Muhammad (s).

Muhammad Ali Asbar published a book in 1413/1992 titled "Salmān minnā ahl al-bayt" in Beirut, about the life and circumstances of Salman al-Farsi and the hadith "Salmān minnā ahl al-bayt."

Introduction and Status

"Salmān minnā Ahl al-Bayt" ("Salman is from us, the Ahl al-Bayt") is a hadith that, according to Shia researchers, was first issued by the Prophet of Islam (s).[1] According to hadith sources, some Imams of the Shia have also stated it directly or quoting the Prophet (s).[2] For example, Imam Ali (a), in response to a question about Salman, mentioned him as being from the Ahl al-Bayt (a).[3] In the book al-Kāfī by al-Kulayni (d. 329/940), a hadith is also narrated from Imam al-Sajjad (a) with varying expressions in which Salman is considered to be from the Ahl al-Bayt.[4] Additionally, according to a hadith from the book Rawdat al-wa'izin by Fattal Nayshaburi, Salman al-Farsi was mentioned in the presence of Imam al-Baqir (a). The Imam invited them to silence and said to call him "Salman Muhammadi," because he is from the Ahl al-Bayt (a).[5] In Rijal al-Kashshi, a narration is also transmitted from Imam al-Sadiq (a) regarding "Salman minna ahl al-bayt."[6]

Origin of the Hadith's Issuance

Regarding the occurrence of the event that led to the issuance of this hadith, differences are found in the sources.[7] Al-Tabrisi, the Shia exegete, and Ibn Sa'd, the Sunni biographer, have reported that the Prophet (s) designated an area for the Muslims to dig the trench during the Battle of the Confederates. The Emigrants and the Helpers disagreed about Salman, who was a strong man, and each wanted Salman for themselves; thereupon the Prophet (s) called him from the Ahl al-Bayt (a) with the phrase "Salman minna Ahl al-Bayt."[8]

Al-Shaykh al-Mufid has reported a different account, stating that when Prophet Muhammad (s) heard the remark of 'Umar b. al-Khattab about Salman not being an Arab, he ascended the minbar and, while delivering a sermon describing that humans are not superior to one another by race or skin color except through piety (taqwā), he called Salman an inexhaustible sea and an endless treasure and considered him to be from the Ahl al-Bayt.[9] In the Book of Sulaym b. Qays, a narration is also transmitted that the Prophet (s) asked everyone other than the Ahl al-Bayt to leave the gathering. Salman was also leaving when the Prophet (s) asked him to stay, because he is from the Ahl al-Bayt.[10]

Credibility of the Hadith and Its Sources

The hadith "Salman minna Ahl al-Bayt" is among the famous, authentic,[11] and widely transmitted hadiths.[12] Some researchers have considered this authentic-chain and firmly established hadith not as a single hadith, but as the common element of several hadiths[13] from the Prophet of Islam (s) and the Imams (a).[14]

Al-Shaykh al-Saduq in Uyun Akhbar al-Rida,[15] al-Shaykh al-Tusi in al-Tibyan and Miṣbāḥ al-Mutahajjid,[16] al-Shaykh al-Mufid in al-Ikhtisas,[17] Ibn Shahrashub in Manaqib Āl Abi Talib,[18] Ahmad b. Ali al-Tabrisi in al-Ihtijaj,[19] and also Sulaym b. Qays al-Hilali[20] are among the Shia scholars who have narrated this hadith. Ibn Sa'd in al-Tabaqat al-Kubra[21] and Ibn Hisham in al-Sira al-Nabawiyya[22] are also among the Sunni scholars who have narrated this hadith.

Different Interpretations of the Hadith

Muslim scholars have held various interpretations of the hadith "Salman minna Ahl al-Bayt":

Al-Fadl b. al-Hasan al-Tabrisi and al-Shaykh al-Tusi have said that the Messenger of God's intention was that Salman is upon our religion.[23] Others have written that the hadith expresses Salman's rank, as he had drawn close to Prophet Muhammad (s) in terms of belief, morals, and deeds.[24]

The book Salman minna Ahl al-Bayt by Muhammad Ali Asbar

Ibn Arabi, one of the Muslim mystics, has considered this statement to be the Prophet's testimony regarding Salman's degree of purity, divine protection, and infallibility; he reasons that in the Verse of Purity (Qur'an 33:33), God purified the Prophet and the Ahl al-Bayt from "rijs" (impurity) because they were His pure servants, and anyone who resembles them is also joined to the Prophet (s) and the Ahl al-Bayt (a). Thus, this verse also includes Salman;[25] however, Mulla Muhsin Fayd Kashani rejected Ibn Arabi's claims and the extension of the Verse of Purity to Salman and others besides the Ahl al-Bayt (a), and did not even consider it permissible to mention.[26]

Some researchers have considered knowledge of the true status of the Ahl al-Bayt (a)[27] and others have considered specific qualities and characteristics found in Salman[28] to be among the secrets of Salman attaining the rank that the Prophet of Islam (s) and the Imams (a) attributed to him as being from themselves.

Monograph

Muhammad Ali Asbar wrote an Arabic book in 1413/1992 titled Salman minna Ahl al-Bayt, published in Beirut by Dar al-Islamiyya and totalling 354 pages. This book is about the life and circumstances of Salman al-Farsi and the hadith "Salman minna Ahl al-Bayt."[29]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ḥusaynī Amīn and Mūsawī, "Barrasī-yi wīzhagī-hā-yi 'Minnā' Būdan-i Salmān-i Fārsī bar asās-i taḥlīl-i riwāyāt-i 'Laysa Minnā'," p. 50.
  2. ↑ Ḥusaynī Amīn and Mūsawī, "Barrasī-yi wīzhagī-hā-yi 'Minnā' Būdan-i Salmān-i Fārsī bar asās-i taḥlīl-i riwāyāt-i 'Laysa Minnā'," p. 50.
  3. ↑ Ṭabirsī, al-Iḥtijāj, vol. 1, p. 260.
  4. ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 1, p. 401.
  5. ↑ Fattāl Nīshābūrī, Rawḍat al-Wāʿiẓīn, vol. 2, p. 283.
  6. ↑ Kashshī, Rijāl al-Kashshī, vol. 1, p. 12.
  7. ↑ Ṣadūq, ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā (a), vol. 2, p. 64; Ṭūsī, Miṣbāḥ al-mutahajjid, vol. 2, p. 817.
  8. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 2, p. 726 and vol. 8, p. 533; Ibn Sa'd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 4, p. 62.
  9. ↑ Mufīd, al-Ikhtiṣāṣ, p. 341.
  10. ↑ Ḥusaynī Amīn and Mūsawī, "Barrasī-yi wīzhagī-hā-yi 'Minnā' Būdan-i Salmān-i Fārsī bar asās-i taḥlīl-i Riwāyāt-i 'Laysa Minnā'," p. 49.
  11. ↑ Jūyā, "Akhbār-i mashkūk dar mīrāth-i maʾthūr-i akhlāqī," p. 102.
  12. ↑ Ḥusaynī Amīn and Mūsawī, "Barrasī-yi wīzhagī-hā-yi 'Minnā' Būdan-i Salmān-i Fārsī bar asās-i taḥlīl-i riwāyāt-i 'Laysa Minnā'," p. 65; Baṣīrī and Shafīʿī, "Barrasī-yi taḥlīlī-yi hadīth-i 'Salmān minnā Ahl al-Bayt'," pp. 163 and 169.
  13. ↑ Baṣīrī and Shafīʿī, "Barrasī-yi taḥlīlī-yi hadīth-i 'Salmān minnā Ahl al-Bayt'," pp. 163 and 169.
  14. ↑ Ḥusaynī Amīn and Mūsawī, "Barrasī-yi wīzhagī-hā-yi 'Minnā' Būdan-i Salmān-i Fārsī bar asās-i taḥlīl-i riwāyāt-i 'Laysa Minnā'," p. 50.
  15. ↑ Shaykh al-Ṣadūq, ʿUyūn Akhbār al-Riḍā (a), Jahān, vol. 2, p. 64.
  16. ↑ Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, Miṣbāḥ al-Mutahajjid, vol. 2, p. 817.
  17. ↑ Shaykh al-Mufīd, al-Ikhtiṣāṣ, p. 341.
  18. ↑ Ibn Shahrāshūb, Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib, 1379 AH, vol. 1, p. 85.
  19. ↑ Ṭabrisī, al-Iḥtijāj, vol. 1, p. 260.
  20. ↑ Sulaym b. Qays, vol. 2, p. 965, quoted in: Ḥusaynī Amīn and Mūsawī, "Barrasī-yi wīzhagī-hā-yi 'Minnā' Būdan-i Salmān-i Fārsī bar asās-i taḥlīl-i riwāyāt-i 'Laysa Minnā'," p. 49.
  21. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-Kubrā, vol. 4, p. 62.
  22. ↑ Ibn Hishām, al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya, vol. 1, p. 70.
  23. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 5, p. 253; Ṭūsī, al-Tibyān, vol. 5, p. 494.
  24. ↑ How Can the Hadith 'Salmān minnā ahl al-bayt' Be Reconciled with the Exclusive Meaning of 'Ahl al-Bayt' in the Five of the Cloak in the Verse of Purity?", Website of the Research Institute of Hadrat Wali al-ʿAṣr (a); Rasūlī et al., "Tarjuma," in Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 26, p. 174.
  25. ↑ Ibn ʿArabī, al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya, vol. 1, pp. 195–196.
  26. ↑ Mulla Muḥsin Fayḍ Kāshānī, Bishārat al-Shīʿa, p. 152, quoted in: Ḥusaynī Ṭihrānī, Rūḥ-i Mujarrad, p. 446.
  27. ↑ What Is the Secret That Made Salman One of the Ahl al-Bayt?", Khabar Online; Dr. Babak Alikhani: Salman in the Mirror of the Futuhat", Website of the Iranian Institute of Philosophy.
  28. ↑ Ḥusaynī Amīn and Mūsawī, "Barrasī-yi wīzhagī-hā-yi 'Minnā' Būdan-i Salmān-i Fārsī bar asās-i taḥlīl-i riwāyāt-i 'Laysa Minnā'," pp. 52–53.
  29. ↑ See: Salman minna Ahl al-Bayt, Website of the Specialized Library of Amir al-Muʾminin Ali (a); see also: Asbar, Salmān minnā ahl al-bayt, p. 4.

References

  • Asbar, Muḥammad ʿAlī. Salmān minnā ahl al-bayt. Beirut: al-Dār al-Islāmiyya, 1413 AH.
  • Baṣīrī, Ḥamīd Riḍā, and Sayyid Rūḥ Allāh Shafīʿī. "Barrasī-yi Taḥlīlī-yi Ḥadīth-i 'Salmān minnā ahl al-bayt'." Majalla-yi Ḥadīth-pizhūhī, no. 7, Spring and Summer 1391 SH (2012).
  • Fattāl Nīshābūrī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Rawḍat al-wāʿiẓīn wa baṣīrat al-muttaʿiẓīn. Qom: Intishārāt-i Raḍī, 1st ed., 1375 SH.
  • Ḥusaynī Amīn, Sayyid Murtaḍā, and Sayyid Muḥsin Mūsawī. "An Examination of the Characteristics of Salman al-Farsi Being 'From Us' Based on the Analysis of the Narrations of 'He Is Not From Us'." Faṣlnāma-yi Ḥadīth wa Andīsha, no. 26, Autumn and Winter 1397 SH (2018–2019).
  • Ḥusaynī Ṭihrānī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Rūḥ-i Mujarrad. Mashhad: Intishārāt-i ʿAllāma Ṭabāṭabāʾī, 8th ed., 1425 AH.
  • Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad. Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭā. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1410 AH.
  • Ibn Shahrāshūb, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī. Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib. Edited by Muḥammad Ḥusayn Āshtiyānī and Hāshim Rasūlī. Qom: ʿAllāma, 1st ed., 1379 AH.
  • Ibn ʿArabī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī. Al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, n.d.
  • Ibn Hishām, ʿAbd al-Malik. Al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya. Edited by Ibrāhīm Ābyārī, Muṣṭafā Saqqā, and ʿAbd al-Ḥafīẓ Shiblī. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, n.d.
  • Jūyā, Jahānbakhsh. "Akhbār-i Mashkūk dar Mīrāth-i Maʾthūr-i Akhlāqī." Faṣlnāma-yi Muṭāliʿāt-i Akhlāq-i Kārburdī, no. 8, Shahrivar 1386 SH (August 2007).
  • Kashshī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar. Ikhtiyār maʿrifat al-rijāl al-maʿrūf bi-Rijāl al-Kashshī. Edited by Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, revised by Ḥasan Muṣṭafawī. Mashhad: University of Mashhad, 1st ed., 1409 AH.
  • Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb. Al-Kāfī. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī and Muḥammad Ākhūndī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1363 SH.
  • Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. Al-Ikhtiṣāṣ. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī and Maḥmūd Muḥarrimī Zarandī. Qom: al-Muʾtamar al-ʿĀlamī li-Alfiyyat al-Shaykh al-Mufīd, 1st ed., 1413 AH.
  • Rasūlī, Hāshim, et al. "Tarjuma." In Tafsīr-i Majmaʿ al-bayān, by Faḍl b. Ḥasan Ṭabarsī. Tehran: Farāhānī, n.d.
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  • "What Is the Secret That Made Salman One of the Ahl al-Bayt?", Khabar Online. Published: 4 March 2024, Accessed: 9 June 2024.
  • "Salmān minnā ahl al-bayt", Website of the Specialized Library of Amir al-Muʾminin Ali (a). Accessed: 11 June 2024.
  • "How Can the Hadith 'Salmān minnā ahl al-bayt' Be Reconciled with the Exclusive Meaning of 'Ahl al-Bayt' in the Five of the Cloak in the Verse of Purity?", Website of the Research Institute of Hadrat Wali al-ʿAṣr (a). Accessed: 10 June 2024.
  • "Dr. Babak Alikhani: Salman in the Mirror of the Futuhat", Website of the Iranian Institute of Philosophy. Published: 12 December 2023, Accessed: 9 June 2024.
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