Al-Burhan fi tafsir al-Qur'an (book): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox book | {{Infobox book | ||
| name = Al-Burhan fi tafsir al-Qur'an | | name = Al-Burhan fi tafsir al-Qur'an | ||
| image = البرهان فی تفسیر القرآن.jpg | | image = البرهان فی تفسیر القرآن.jpg | ||
| image_size = 250 | | image_size = 250 | ||
| caption = | | caption ='''Bibliographical Information''' | ||
| alt = | | alt = | ||
| author = [[al-Sayyid Hashim al-Bahrani]] | | author = [[al-Sayyid Hashim al-Bahrani]] | ||
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| language = Arabic | | language = Arabic | ||
| series = | | series = | ||
| subject = exegesis of | | subject = [[exegesis of Qur'an]] | ||
| genre = | | genre = Narrative | ||
| published = | | published = | ||
| publisher = Different publications | | publisher = Different publications | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''''Al-Burhān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''''' (Arabic: {{ | '''''Al-Burhān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''''' (Arabic: {{ia|البرهان فی تفسیر القرآن}}) is one of the most important Shi'ite narrative exegesis of the [[Qur'an]] by [[al-Sayyid Hashim al-Bahrani]]. The author has discussed different issues like [[Islamic sciences]], stories, nabawi [[hadith]]s (hadiths that narrated from the [[Prophet (s)]]) and the virtues of [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. Al-Bahrani was an [[Akhbari]] and his exegesis was written in an Akhbari manner. Some of the exegetists have criticized his work. | ||
== Author and Motivation == | == Author and Motivation == | ||
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{{Main|al-Sayyid Hashim al-Bahrani}} | {{Main|al-Sayyid Hashim al-Bahrani}} | ||
Al-Sayyid Hashim al-Bahrani, well known as '''al-'Allama al-Bahrani''' was one of the [[ | Al-Sayyid Hashim al-Bahrani, well known as '''al-'Allama al-Bahrani''' was one of the [[jurist]]s, [[Muhaddith|traditionalist]]s and [[Shi'a]] exegetists in 11th/17th century and early 12th/18th century. | ||
In the preface of his book, he stated that his motivation for writing the book was presenting a source for understanding | In the preface of his book, he stated that his motivation for writing the book was presenting a source for understanding exegetical theories and the teachings of [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] in [[ta'wil]] and secrets of the [[Qur'an]]. | ||
== Structure and the Manner of Compiling == | == Structure and the Manner of Compiling == | ||
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[[Sayyid Hashim al-Bahrani|Al-'Allama al-Bahrani]] has gathered many [[hadith]]s of the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] in the book. He states in his preface: | [[Sayyid Hashim al-Bahrani|Al-'Allama al-Bahrani]] has gathered many [[hadith]]s of the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] in the book. He states in his preface: | ||
"This book will help you know about many secrets of the [[Qur'an]]. Some of the religious sciences, stories, life of | "This book will help you know about many secrets of the [[Qur'an]]. Some of the religious sciences, stories, life of prophets and the virtues of Ahl al-Bayt (a) will be understandable for you by this book. … I have gathered valid and trustworthy hadiths from [[hadith collections]] whose compilers are among authentic scholars. I have narrated most of the hadiths from [[Shi'a]] transmitters but in the case that [[Sunni]] hadiths were in correspondence with Shi'a's or in the case that a hadith of Sunnis was about the virtues of Ahl al-Bayt (a), I used their hadiths as well. I also mentioned some hadiths from [[Ibn 'Abass]] in interpreting Qur'an because he was pupil of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]. " | ||
His manner in this exegesis is as follows: first, he mentions the name of the [[ | His manner in this exegesis is as follows: first, he mentions the name of the [[sura]], the place that it was revealed, merits of the sura and the number of the [[verse]]s. Then he refers to verses that have especial hadiths in explaining their content and discusses about those hadiths. | ||
Al-'Allama al-Bahrani in ''al-Burhan'' sufficed to mention the hadiths. he wrote the [[chain of transmitters]] and the hadith of Sunnis at the end of each chapter. | Al-'Allama al-Bahrani in ''al-Burhan'' sufficed to mention the hadiths. he wrote the [[chain of transmitters]] and the hadith of Sunnis at the end of each chapter. | ||
He considered his book as a statement of the [[Ta'wil]] of the verses of the Qur'an and by Ta'wil, he meant the hadiths that are narrated from [[infallibles]]. He also mentioned the virtue of infallibles. He didn't add any comment on the hadiths but in his long introduction, he presented his views and analysis on the | He considered his book as a statement of the [[Ta'wil]] of the verses of the Qur'an and by Ta'wil, he meant the hadiths that are narrated from [[infallibles]]. He also mentioned the virtue of infallibles. He didn't add any comment on the hadiths but in his long introduction, he presented his views and analysis on the exegetical theories. There is another introduction for this book by [[Abu l-Hasan Sharif al-'Amili al-Isfahani]] (d. 1138/1725 or 1140/1727) under the title ''[[Mir'at al-anwar wa mishkat al-asrar]]''. | ||
Al-'Allama al-Bahrani presented his ideas on interpretation and Qur'anic quests in 16 chapters in introduction. He believed that the Qur'an exclusively should be interpreted by [[Imams (a)]]. Even though that his notion of interpretation is close to Ta'wil, in the 6th chapter, he expressly prevented other people to interpret the Qur'an. In the 15th chapter, he stated some points on the unity of the Qur'an and [['Itrat]]. He also emphasized on the inward meaning of Qur'an and on the belief that its knowledge is in the hand of Ahl al-Bayt (a). In the last chapter, he mentioned some of the sources of the book and introduced some terms like [[Nasikh wa Mansukh]], [[Muhkam wa Mutashabih]], [['Am wa Khas]], [[Taqdim wa Ta'khir]] but he didn't present any definition about these terms. Thus, he began to start the exegesis. The atmosphere of the book is proving the rightfulness of Ahl al-Bayt (a) and introducing the virtues of them. | Al-'Allama al-Bahrani presented his ideas on interpretation and Qur'anic quests in 16 chapters in introduction. He believed that the Qur'an exclusively should be interpreted by [[Imams (a)]]. Even though that his notion of interpretation is close to Ta'wil, in the 6th chapter, he expressly prevented other people to interpret the Qur'an. In the 15th chapter, he stated some points on the unity of the Qur'an and [['Itrat]]. He also emphasized on the inward meaning of Qur'an and on the belief that its knowledge is in the hand of Ahl al-Bayt (a). In the last chapter, he mentioned some of the sources of the book and introduced some terms like [[Nasikh wa Mansukh]], [[Muhkam wa Mutashabih]], [['Am wa Khas]], [[Taqdim wa Ta'khir]] but he didn't present any definition about these terms. Thus, he began to start the exegesis. The atmosphere of the book is proving the rightfulness of Ahl al-Bayt (a) and introducing the virtues of them. | ||
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[[Muhammad Mahdi al-Asifi]] writes: | [[Muhammad Mahdi al-Asifi]] writes: | ||
:"Despite his ample efforts in al-Burhan exegesis, there are some unauthentic and distorted [[hadith]]s which convey ideas of exaggeration ([[al-Ghuluw]]). It is more likely that the author didn't mean to refine [[unauthentic hadith]]s or he meant but it wasn't enough. He has used the sources that are accused for being distorted and has narrated some hadiths that have unreliable [[chain of transmitters]] and incoherent content. So, it can be concluded that ''al-Burhan'' is a beneficial scholarly effort for researchers who are familiar with the texts and are knowledgeable about reliable and coherent hadiths and are able to differentiate between authentic and unauthentic hadiths. The fact that this book contains some unauthentic hadiths doesn't mean that it is a worthless book but it is like ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'' by [[al-'Allama al-Majlisi]] which has some unauthentic hadiths, but given this quality, it is a great work that is a huge help to Shiite library. However, gathering the hadiths is the first step and after that, the second step begins which is refinement the hadiths and differentiating the authentic and unauthentic narrations. The third step is to extract general rules and fundamentals of the | :"Despite his ample efforts in al-Burhan exegesis, there are some unauthentic and distorted [[hadith]]s which convey ideas of exaggeration ([[al-Ghuluw]]). It is more likely that the author didn't mean to refine [[unauthentic hadith]]s or he meant but it wasn't enough. He has used the sources that are accused for being distorted and has narrated some hadiths that have unreliable [[chain of transmitters]] and incoherent content. So, it can be concluded that ''al-Burhan'' is a beneficial scholarly effort for researchers who are familiar with the texts and are knowledgeable about reliable and coherent hadiths and are able to differentiate between authentic and unauthentic hadiths. The fact that this book contains some unauthentic hadiths doesn't mean that it is a worthless book but it is like ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'' by [[al-'Allama al-Majlisi]] which has some unauthentic hadiths, but given this quality, it is a great work that is a huge help to Shiite library. However, gathering the hadiths is the first step and after that, the second step begins which is refinement the hadiths and differentiating the authentic and unauthentic narrations. The third step is to extract general rules and fundamentals of the exegetical approach of [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. Without completing all the three steps, it is not possible to benefit from the exegetical hadiths of Ahl al-Bayt (a)." | ||
[[Muhammad Hadi Ma'rifat]] in his ''[[al-Tafsir wa l-mufassirun]]'' states: | [[Muhammad Hadi Ma'rifat]] in his ''[[al-Tafsir wa l-mufassirun]]'' states: | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
* The material for this article is mainly taken from [ | * The material for this article is mainly taken from {{ia|[[:fa:البرهان فی تفسیر القرآن|البرهان فی تفسیر القرآن]]}} in Farsi Wikishia. | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
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[[ur:البرہان فی تفسیر القرآن(کتاب)]] | [[ur:البرہان فی تفسیر القرآن(کتاب)]] | ||
[[id:Al-Burhan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an]] | [[id:Al-Burhan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an]] | ||
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[[Category:Exegetical works]] | [[Category:Exegetical works]] | ||
[[Category:Hadith literature]] | [[Category:Hadith literature]] | ||
[[Category:Written sources of 17th century]] | [[Category:Written sources of 17th century]] |
Revision as of 14:21, 6 March 2018
Author | al-Sayyid Hashim al-Bahrani |
---|---|
Language | Arabic |
Subject | exegesis of Qur'an |
Genre | Narrative |
Publisher | Different publications |
Al-Burhān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān (Arabic: البرهان فی تفسیر القرآن) is one of the most important Shi'ite narrative exegesis of the Qur'an by al-Sayyid Hashim al-Bahrani. The author has discussed different issues like Islamic sciences, stories, nabawi hadiths (hadiths that narrated from the Prophet (s)) and the virtues of Ahl al-Bayt (a). Al-Bahrani was an Akhbari and his exegesis was written in an Akhbari manner. Some of the exegetists have criticized his work.
Author and Motivation
Al-Sayyid Hashim al-Bahrani, well known as al-'Allama al-Bahrani was one of the jurists, traditionalists and Shi'a exegetists in 11th/17th century and early 12th/18th century.
In the preface of his book, he stated that his motivation for writing the book was presenting a source for understanding exegetical theories and the teachings of Ahl al-Bayt (a) in ta'wil and secrets of the Qur'an.
Structure and the Manner of Compiling
Al-'Allama al-Bahrani has gathered many hadiths of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) in the book. He states in his preface:
"This book will help you know about many secrets of the Qur'an. Some of the religious sciences, stories, life of prophets and the virtues of Ahl al-Bayt (a) will be understandable for you by this book. … I have gathered valid and trustworthy hadiths from hadith collections whose compilers are among authentic scholars. I have narrated most of the hadiths from Shi'a transmitters but in the case that Sunni hadiths were in correspondence with Shi'a's or in the case that a hadith of Sunnis was about the virtues of Ahl al-Bayt (a), I used their hadiths as well. I also mentioned some hadiths from Ibn 'Abass in interpreting Qur'an because he was pupil of Imam 'Ali (a). "
His manner in this exegesis is as follows: first, he mentions the name of the sura, the place that it was revealed, merits of the sura and the number of the verses. Then he refers to verses that have especial hadiths in explaining their content and discusses about those hadiths.
Al-'Allama al-Bahrani in al-Burhan sufficed to mention the hadiths. he wrote the chain of transmitters and the hadith of Sunnis at the end of each chapter.
He considered his book as a statement of the Ta'wil of the verses of the Qur'an and by Ta'wil, he meant the hadiths that are narrated from infallibles. He also mentioned the virtue of infallibles. He didn't add any comment on the hadiths but in his long introduction, he presented his views and analysis on the exegetical theories. There is another introduction for this book by Abu l-Hasan Sharif al-'Amili al-Isfahani (d. 1138/1725 or 1140/1727) under the title Mir'at al-anwar wa mishkat al-asrar.
Al-'Allama al-Bahrani presented his ideas on interpretation and Qur'anic quests in 16 chapters in introduction. He believed that the Qur'an exclusively should be interpreted by Imams (a). Even though that his notion of interpretation is close to Ta'wil, in the 6th chapter, he expressly prevented other people to interpret the Qur'an. In the 15th chapter, he stated some points on the unity of the Qur'an and 'Itrat. He also emphasized on the inward meaning of Qur'an and on the belief that its knowledge is in the hand of Ahl al-Bayt (a). In the last chapter, he mentioned some of the sources of the book and introduced some terms like Nasikh wa Mansukh, Muhkam wa Mutashabih, 'Am wa Khas, Taqdim wa Ta'khir but he didn't present any definition about these terms. Thus, he began to start the exegesis. The atmosphere of the book is proving the rightfulness of Ahl al-Bayt (a) and introducing the virtues of them.
Sources
The author used following hadiths collections in his book:
- Tafsir al-Qummi
- Tafsir al-'ayyashi
- Basa'ir al-darajat, by Muhammad b. Hasan al-Saffar
- Al-Kafi, by al-Kulayni
- Qurb al-asnad, by 'Abd allah b. Ja'far al-Himyari
- Al-Irshad, by al-Shaykh al-Mufid
- Al-Ikhtisas, by al-Shaykh al-Mufid
- Al-'Amali by al-Shaykh al-Mufid
- Kitab al- zuhd, by Husayn b. Sa'id al-Ahwazi
- Kitab Sulaym b. Qays al-Hilali
- Kitab Ibn Shadhan
- The book of 'Ali b. Ja'far that contains his questions from Imam al-Kazim (a)
- Kitab man la yahduruh al-faqih, by al-Shaykh al-Saduq
- Kamal al-din wa tamam al-ni'ma, by al-Shaykh al-Saduq
- Ma'ani al-akhbar, by al-Shaykh al-Saduq
- 'Ilal al-sharayi', by al-Shaykh al-Saduq
- Bisharat al-Shi'a, by al-Shaykh al-Saduq
- Sifat al-Shi'a, by al-Shaykh al-Saduq
- Al-Tawhid, by al-Shaykh al-Saduq
- 'Uyun akhbar al-rida, by al-Shaykh al-Saduq
- Al-Khisal, by al-Shaykh al-Saduq
- Thawab al-a'mal wa 'iqab al-a'mal, by al-Shaykh al-Saduq
- Al-Tahdhib, by al-Shaykh al-Tusi
- Al-Istibsar, by al-Shaykh al-Tusi
- Al-'Amali, by al-Shaykh al-Tusi
- Khasa'is al-'a'ima, by al-Sayyid al-Radi
- Al-Manaqib al-fakhira fi l-'itra al-tahira, by al-Sayyid al-Radi
- Al-Mahasin, by Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Khalid al-Barqi
- Majma' al-Bayan, by al-Shaykh al-Tabrisi
- Jawami' al-jami', by al-Shaykh al-Tabrisi
- Misbah al-shari'a, the hadiths in this book has been attributed to Imam al-Sadiq (a)
- Minhaj al-haqq wa l-yaqin, Wali b. Ni'mat Allah Husayni Radawi Ha'iri
- Ta'wil al-ayat al-bahira fi l-'itra al-tahira, al-Shaykh Sharaf al-Din al-Najafi
- Ma anzal min al-qur'an fi ahl al-bayt (a), al-Shaykh Muhammad b. 'Abbas b. Marwan b. Mahyar, well-known as Ibn Juham
- Tuhfa al-ikhwan, by Sayyid b. Tawus
- Al-Tara'if, by Sayyid b. Tawus
- Rabi' al-abrar, by al-Zamakhshari
- Al-Kashshaf fi tafsir al-Qur'an, by al-Zamakhshari
- Majmu'a waram, by al-Shaykh Abu l-Husayn Waram
- Al-Manaqib, by Muhammad b. 'Ali b. Shahr Ashub
- Al-Ihtijaj, by al-Shaykh Ahmad b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib al-Tabrisi
- Kamil al-ziyarat, by Ja'far b. Muhammad b. Qulawayh
- Mashariq anwar al-yaqin, by al-Shaykh Rajab al-Barsi
And some other sources that have been mentioned in different chapters of the book.
Criticisms
Muhammad Mahdi al-Asifi writes:
- "Despite his ample efforts in al-Burhan exegesis, there are some unauthentic and distorted hadiths which convey ideas of exaggeration (al-Ghuluw). It is more likely that the author didn't mean to refine unauthentic hadiths or he meant but it wasn't enough. He has used the sources that are accused for being distorted and has narrated some hadiths that have unreliable chain of transmitters and incoherent content. So, it can be concluded that al-Burhan is a beneficial scholarly effort for researchers who are familiar with the texts and are knowledgeable about reliable and coherent hadiths and are able to differentiate between authentic and unauthentic hadiths. The fact that this book contains some unauthentic hadiths doesn't mean that it is a worthless book but it is like Bihar al-anwar by al-'Allama al-Majlisi which has some unauthentic hadiths, but given this quality, it is a great work that is a huge help to Shiite library. However, gathering the hadiths is the first step and after that, the second step begins which is refinement the hadiths and differentiating the authentic and unauthentic narrations. The third step is to extract general rules and fundamentals of the exegetical approach of Ahl al-Bayt (a). Without completing all the three steps, it is not possible to benefit from the exegetical hadiths of Ahl al-Bayt (a)."
Muhammad Hadi Ma'rifat in his al-Tafsir wa l-mufassirun states:
- "Al-Sayyid Hashim al-Bahrani is one of the accomplished traditionalists who gathered hadiths. He didn't present any idea about the acceptance, rejection or compromise of the hadiths that are against reason or other narrations. "
- "The author is one of the Akhbaris who believes that interpreting Qur'an is permissible only through the hadiths of Ahl al-Bayt (a) and interpretation through reasoning, ijtihad and spiritual taste is forbidden."
Versions
Manuscripts
- Manuscript of the library of Waziri, Yazd, no 5998
- Manuscript of the central library of University of Tehran, no 844
- Manuscript of Dar al-Kutub of Cairo, no 19109
- Manuscript of the library of Faydiyya in Qom, (tafsir 16-40-39)
- Manuscript of the public library of Ayatollah al-Hakim, Iraq, no 690
- Manuscript of the library of the faculty of literature of the University of Tehran, no 457
- Manuscript of the library of the faculty of theology of the University of Tehran, no 20b & 25b
- Manuscript of the library of holy shrine of the Imam al-Rida (a) in Mashhad, no 83-91
- Manuscript of the library of the higher school of Shahid Mutahhari in Tehran, no 2057
Lithography and Printing
Beside old publications, al-Burhan has been published a number of times:
- 'Isma'iliyan institute, published in 5 Volumes, Qom
- Al-Wafa institute, published in 4 volumes, Beirut
- 'Islammiya bookstore, in 5 volumes, Tehran
- Al-Risala institute, on 1403 AH
- Bi'that institute, in 5 volumes, Tehran, with an introduction of al-Shaykh Muhammad Mahdi al-Asifi
References
- The material for this article is mainly taken from البرهان فی تفسیر القرآن in Farsi Wikishia.