Diya' al-Din al-'Iraqi
Personal Information | |
---|---|
Full Name | Ḍīyaʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī b. Mulla Muḥammad al-ʿIrāqī |
Well-Known As | Agha Diya' al-'Iraqi |
Birth | 1278/1861-2 |
Residence | Arak |
Studied in | Isfahan, Najaf |
Death | Dhu l-Qa'da 28, 1361/December 7, 1942 |
Burial Place | The holy shrine of Imam Ali (a), Najaf |
Scholarly Information | |
Professors | Sayyid Muhammad Fisharaki, Akhund Khurasani, Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Yazdi |
Students | Sayyid Muhammad Taqi khwansari, Sayyid Abu al-Qasim Khoei, Sayyid 'Ali Kashani Yathribi etc. |
Works | Maqalat al-usul |
Ḍīyaʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-ʿIrāqī (Arabic: ضياء الدين علي بن محمد العراقي) (b. 1278/1861-2 - d. 1361/1942), famous as Aqa Diya' al-'Iraqi (Arabic: آغا ضياء العراقي), was a great shi'a jurist and expert in usul al-fiqh (principles of jurisprudence) in the 14th/20th century. He was born in Sultanabad, Arak, Iran. He immigrated to Isfahan and then Najaf and was a student of Fisharaki, Akhund Khurasani, al-Sayyid al-Yazdi.
His great scholarly endeavor made him recognized as an undisputed master in usul al-fiqh and a renewer of this discipline and Maqalat al-usul is his famous work.
Sayyid Muhammad Taqi Khwansari, Al-Sayyid al-Khoei, Al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Hakim and Mirza Hashim Amuli are few of his students.
Birth and Demise
He was born in Sultanabad of Arak in 1278/1861-2, Iran. His father was Akhund Mulla Muhammad Kabir 'Iraqi (Araki). He passed away on Dhu l-Qa'da 28, 1361/December 7, 1942 in Najaf and was buried in the holy shrine of Imam Ali (a).[1]
Education and Professors
He was given elementary education by his father and some other teachers in his hometown. Seeking more Knowledge, he first immigrated to Isfahan and then to Najaf. There, he participated in courses of great scholars of Najaf:
- Aqa Sayyid Muhammad Fisharaki
- Mirza Husayn Khalili Tihrani
- Akhund Mulla Muhammad Kazim Khurasani
- Al-Sayyid Muhammad Kazim al-Yazdi
- Shaykh al-Shari'a Isfahani
From early years of education, he was known for his talent and a genius and soon, he became famous for his comprehensive knowledge and profound theories and gained the attention and respect of his teachers. He was known as one of Akhund Khurasani's pupils and had a high position among teachers the Shi'a Seminary.
Status as a Professor
After the demise of Akhund Khurasani (d. 1329/1911) Aqa Diya' started his advanced level of classes and became an undisputed master and a renewer of principles of jurisprudence. Many of Akhund Khurasani's students attended Aqa Diya's classes. Soon afterward, he became a marja'.[2]
He was famous for his patience and his classes were widely popular, not only because of his comprehensive and profound knowledge but also because of the atmosphere in which students could freely express their ideas, especially in comparison to the classes of his great contemporaries who would give less chance to their students for giving different ideas in the class.
Students
Aqa Diya' was a patient and welcoming teacher for over 30 years and naturally gained a great popularity and hundreds of students benefited his classes and reached the level of ijtihad. Following are some of his famous students:
- Al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Hakim
- Sayyid Muhammad Taqi Khwansari
- Sayyid Ahmad Khwansari
- Sayyid 'Abd al-Hadi Shirazi
- Mirza Hasan Bujnurdi
- Al-Sayyid Abu l-Qasim al-Khoei
- Sayyid 'Abd al-A'la Sabziwari
- Sayyid Mahmud Husayni Shahrudi
- Sayyid Abd Allah Musawi Shirazi
- Al-Sayyid Abd al-Hadi al-Shirazi
- Sayyid Muhammad Rida Gulpaygani
- Sayyid Muhammad Hadi Milani
- Sayyid Shihab al-Din Mar'ashi Najafi
- Sayyid Ali Yathribi Kashani
- Mahdi Mahdawi Lahiji
- Muhammad Taqi Bahjat
- Mirza Hashim Amuli
- Muhammad Taqi Bujnurdi
- Ali Mishkat
- Ali Gharawi 'Ulyari
- Sayyid Aqa Musawi Khalkhali
- Mirza Rahim Samit
- Sayyid Abu l-Hasan Shams-Abadi
- Sayyid Yahya Mudarrisi Yazdi
- Sayyid Ja'far Shahrudi
- Muhammad Husayn Khiyabani Subhani
- Muhammad Ali Quddusi Mahallati
- Muhammad Ali Ashrafi Shahrudi
- Al-Sayyid Sadr al-Din al-Sadr
- Sayyid Abd al-Husayn Tayyib
- Sayyid Abu l-Qasim Kashani
- Muhammad Gharawi Kashani
- Mirza Muhammad Baqir Ashtiyani
- Muhammad Rida al-Muzaffar
- Baha' l-Din Mahallati
- Muhammad Husayn Najafi
- Ali Muhammad Burujirdi
- Sayyid Habib Allah Burhani
Some of his students transcribed his classes on principles of jurisprudence. Mirza Hashim Amuli and Shaykh Muhammad Taqi Burujirdi wrote two books of those transcriptions in Najaf.
Works
Aqa Diya' wrote several works in Arabic, most of which are commentaries on different fields of Shi'a jurisprudence. Some of his important works are as follows:
- Maqalat al-usul
- Al-Hashia 'ala bay' al-makasib (comments on the chapter of bay' of al-Maksib regarding the rulings of buying and selling)
- Al-Hashia 'ala al-'urwat al-wuthqa (annotations on al-'Urwa al-wuthqa)
- Risalat fi istishab al-'adam al-'azali
- Risalat fi l-libas al-mashkuk
- Rawa'i' fi bayan madarik furu' l-'ilm al-ijmali
- Sharh Tabsira of Allama (chapter of Bay')
- Sharh Tabsirat al-Muta'allimin (chapter of Mu'amilat)
Notes
References
- The material for this article is mainly taken from آقا ضیاء عراقی in Farsi WikiShia.
- The Introduction of Muḥammad Mahdī Āṣifī on Maqālāt al-uṣul. Majmaʿ fikr al-Islāmī.