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Al-Qasim b. Ma'n
Full NameAl-Qasim b. Ma'n b. 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Abd Allah b. Mas'ud
Companion ofImam al-Sadiq (a)
TeknonymAbu 'Abd Allah
EpithetAl-Mas'udi, Al-Hudhali, Al-Kufi
Well Known AsFaqih, Muhaddith
Religious AffiliationImamiyya
Wellknown Relatives'Abd Allah b. Mas'ud (Grandfather), Abu 'Ubayda b. Ma'n (Brother)
BirthAfter 100/718-19
Place(s) of ResidenceKufa
Demise175/791-92
ProfessorsAbu Hanifa, Aban b. Taghlib
StudentsFadl b. Dukayn
WorksGharib al-Hadith, Nawadir al-Lugha, Kitab al-Nahw


Al-Qāsim b. Ma'n al-Mas'ūdī (Arabic: القاسم بن معن المسعودي) was a distinguished jurist and a prominent member of the companions of Imam al-Sadiq (a) based in Kufa. Beyond his expertise in Fiqh (jurisprudence) and Hadith, he mastered diverse disciplines, including poetry, Kalam (theology), genealogy, and Arabic literature. A prolific author across various fields, Al-Qasim was held in high esteem for his erudition and moral rectitude, earning the honorific title of "Imam" among the populace.

Appointed to the judiciary in Kufa during the caliphate of Al-Mahdi al-Abbasi, Al-Qasim studied under and transmitted narrations from Imam al-Sadiq (a). He also acquired knowledge from other notable scholars, including Abu Hanifa, Aban b. Taghlib, al-A'mash, and Hisham b. 'Urwa. His own circle of students included figures such as Fadl b. Dukayn, Ibn al-A'rabi, 'Ali b. Nasr al-Jahdami, Mu'afi b. Sulayman, and Yahya b. Ziyad al-Farra' al-Nahwi.

While most Shi'a biographical scholars (rijalis) refrain from explicitly defining Al-Qasim b. Ma'n's sectarian affiliation or reliability—noting only his association with Imam al-Sadiq (a)—Mamaqani identifies him as an Imami, though he notes a lack of specific data regarding his reliability. Some scholars, classifying him as an Imami of indeterminate status (majhul al-hal), nevertheless regard him as Thiqah (trustworthy) in the transmission of hadith. Similarly, Sunni scholars characterize Al-Qasim as Thiqah and truthful (saduq).

Introduction

Al-Qasim b. Ma'n b. 'Abd al-Rahman was a jurist,[1] judge,[2] and one of the companions of Imam al-Sadiq (a)[3] in the city of Kufa.[4] He is considered a descendant of 'Abd Allah b. Mas'ud,[5] a companion of the Prophet of Islam (s).[6] His Kunya was Abu 'Abd Allah,[7] and he was known by epithets such as al-Hudhali,[8] al-Kufi,[9] and al-Mas'udi.[10] He was most famous, however, as Al-Mas'udi,[11] to the extent that he is cited as one of three prominent figures bearing this title, alongside 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Abd Allah b. 'Utba and 'Ali b. al-Husayn al-Mas'udi, the author of Muruj al-dhahab.[12] Consequently, some sources record his name as Al-Qasim b. Ma'n al-Mas'udi.[13]

Al-Qasim b. Ma'n is described as a man of nobility,[14] generosity,[15] and high standing,[16] reportedly possessing all moral virtues.[17] It is said that he was unsurpassed in his observance of etiquette.[18] He enjoyed immense popularity among his contemporaries,[19] so much so that poetry was composed in his praise.[20]

While his precise birth date is unrecorded, he is believed to have been born after the year 100/718-19.[21] According to some reports, he died in 175/791-92 or 188/803-04.[22] He passed away in the region of Ra's al-'Ayn while traveling to Raqqa on a mission for Harun al-Abbasi.[23]

His brother, Abu 'Ubayda b. Ma'n, is also recognized as a scholar.[24]

Scholar of Various Sciences

Al-Qasim b. Ma'n was a polymath with mastery over various sciences.[25] Beyond jurisprudence[26] and the narration of Hadith,[27] he is regarded as an authority in disciplines such as poetry, Kalam,[28] genealogy,[29] and Arabic literature.[30]

His encyclopedic knowledge led many to view him as unrivaled in Kufa[31] and arguably unique among the great scholars of his era.[32] He was highly praised for his erudition[33] and was accorded the title "Imam",[34] specifically recognized as an Imam in Fiqh due to his legal expertise.[35]

Sources describe Al-Qasim as the preeminent figure of his time in the sciences of Hadith and poetry, and the most knowledgeable in Fiqh and Arabic literature.[36] He was even deemed trustworthy by scholars of syntax (Nahw),[37] evidenced by the fact that renowned grammarians such as Al-Farra'[38] and Muhammad b. Ziyad al-A'rabi[39] were among his students. His proficiency in Arabic literature and syntax earned him the epithet "Al-Nahwi"[40] and the designation of Imam in literature.[41]

Al-Qasim b. Ma'n authored books across various fields,[42] including Hadith, though these works were not widely circulated.[43] Titles attributed to him include Gharib al-Hadith, Nawadir al-Lugha, Kitab al-Nahw,[44] and Gharib al-Musannaf.[45]

Judgeship in Kufa

Al-Qasim b. Ma'n was appointed as the judge of Kufa by Al-Mahdi al-Abbasi[46] or Al-Mansur al-Abbasi,[47][48] holding this position until the reign of Harun al-Rashid.[49] He was known for his scrupulousness and rigor in judgment.[50] Throughout his tenure, he declined remuneration for his services,[51] choosing instead to share his own provisions with others while refusing to partake of theirs.[52] His ascetic lifestyle led some to count him among the ascetics (zuhhad) of his time.[53]

Citing the spiritual unveiling (Mukashafa) of certain righteous individuals, some accounts list Al-Qasim as one of three judges destined for salvation in their era.[54]

Teachers and Students

In addition to his study under and narration of narrations from Imam al-Sadiq (a),[55] Al-Qasim b. Ma'n learned from numerous other scholars. He was a close student of Abu Hanifa, to the extent that some regarded him as one of Abu Hanifa's companions[56] or even one of his most prominent students,[57] listed among the twelve recognized companions of the jurist.[58] Some reports record Abu Hanifa's affection for Al-Qasim,[59] while others describe their relationship as one of friendship and association.[60] When accused of being subservient to Abu Hanifa, Al-Qasim reportedly replied that the company of Abu Hanifa was more profitable than that of others.[61]

Al-Qasim narrated from authorities such as Aban b. Taghlib, Al-Ajlah b. 'Abd Allah al-Kindi, Hajjaj b. Artat, Sulayman al-Taymi, 'Abd al-Malik b. Jurayh, Mansur b. al-Mu'tamir, and Yahya b. Sa'id al-Ansari.[62] Sunni sources list additional teachers, including al-A'mash, 'Asim al-Ahwal, 'Abd al-Malik b. 'Umayr, Talha b. Yahya b. Talha, Dawud b. Abi Hind, Muhammad b. 'Amr b. 'Alqama, Hisham b. 'Urwa, 'Abd al-Rahman al-Mas'udi,[63] and Husayn b. 'Abd al-Rahman.[64]

Al-Qasim b. Ma'n had a large circle of students who narrated from him. Notable among them were Malik b. Isma'il, Khallad b. Khalid, Fadl b. Dukayn,[65] Ibn al-A'rabi, Layth b. al-Muzaffar,[66] Ibn Mahdi, 'Ali b. Nasr al-Jahdami, 'Abd Allah b. Walid al-'Adani, Abu Ghassan al-Nahdi, Mu'afi b. Sulayman al-Rasa'ni,[67] 'Abd al-Rahman b. Mahdi, Abu Nu'aym, Mu'alla b. Mansur, Minjab b. al-Harith,[68] Isma'il b. Aban al-Warraq, Bishr b. Adam al-Baghdadi, Muhammad b. al-Mundhir b. Sa'id al-Qabusi, and Yahya b. Ziyad al-Farra' al-Nahwi.[69]

Sect and Reliability

Most Shi'a biographical scholars (rijalis) refrain from explicitly defining Al-Qasim b. Ma'n's sectarian affiliation or reliability, limiting their commentary to his role as a student of Imam al-Sadiq (a).[70] Mamaqani, a prominent Shi'a scholar of biographical evaluation, identifies him as an Imami but notes that specific information regarding his personality and connection to Shi'ism is scant.[71] Due to this lack of data, some scholars have classified him as unknown (majhul)[72] or disregarded (muhmal).[73] Others, despite his indeterminate status, consider him Thiqah (trustworthy) in hadith transmission,[74] with some even counting him among the virtuous and trustworthy narrators.[75]

Sunni scholars have acknowledged Al-Qasim b. Ma'n's reliability,[76] regarding him as a virtuous and trustworthy individual,[77] truthful (saduq),[78] and a narrator of sound hadith (hasan al-hadith).[79] Consequently, some sources list him among the famous Sunni scholars and jurists,[80] describing his jurisprudential school as Hanafi.[81]

Notes

  1. ↑ Sezgin, Tārīkh al-turāth al-ʿArabī, 1412 AH, part 1, vol. 8, p. 201; Qifṭī, Inbāh al-ruwāt, 1424 AH, vol. 3, p. 31; Ṣiddīq Ḥasan Khān, Abjad al-ʿulūm, 1420 AH, vol. 3, p. 103.
  2. ↑ ʿAlyārī Tabrīzī, Bahjat al-āmāl, 1412 AH, vol. 5, p. 413; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Taqrīb al-tahdhīb, 1406 AH, vol. 1, p. 73.
  3. ↑ Ṭūsī, Rijāl al-Ṭūsī, 1373 Sh, p. 271; Taqī al-Dīn al-Ḥillī, al-Rijāl, 1342 Sh, part 1, p. 277.
  4. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-udabāʾ, 1993, vol. 5, p. 2231; Ziriklī, al-Aʿlām, 1989, vol. 5, p. 186.
  5. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-udabāʾ, 1993, vol. 5, p. 2230; Ibn al-Kalbī, Jamharat al-nasab, 1407 AH, p. 131.
  6. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-udabāʾ, 1993, vol. 5, p. 2230; Dhahabī, al-ʿIqd al-thamīn, 1425 AH, p. 167.
  7. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 6, p. 358; Ibn Ḥibbān, al-Thiqāt, 1393 AH, vol. 7, p. 339; Dhahabī, al-ʿIqd al-thamīn, 1425 AH, p. 168.
  8. ↑ Ibn Abī l-Wafā, al-Jawāhir al-muḍīʾa, Muʾassasat al-Risāla, vol. 2, p. 708; Ibn Ḥibbān, al-Thiqāt, 1393 AH, vol. 7, p. 339; Dhahabī, al-ʿIqd al-thamīn, 1425 AH, p. 168.
  9. ↑ Ṭūsī, Rijāl al-Ṭūsī, 1373 Sh, p. 271; Quhpāʾī, Majmaʿ al-rijāl, 1364 Sh, vol. 5, p. 52.
  10. ↑ Ṭūsī, Rijāl al-Ṭūsī, 1373 Sh, p. 271; Taqī al-Dīn al-Ḥillī, al-Rijāl, 1342 Sh, part 1, p. 277.
  11. ↑ Baghdādī, Hadīyat al-ʿārifīn, 1951, vol. 1, p. 825.
  12. ↑ Māmaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, n.d, vol. 3, al-Kunā, p. 57; ʿAlyārī Tabrīzī, Bahjat al-āmāl, 1412 AH, vol. 5, p. 413.
  13. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-udabāʾ, 1993, vol. 5, p. 2230; Ḥusaynī, al-Tadhkira bi-maʿrifat rijāl al-kutub al-ʿashara, 1418 AH, vol. 3, p. 1379.
  14. ↑ Ibn Abī l-Wafā, al-Jawāhir al-muḍīʾa, Muʾassasat al-Risāla, vol. 2, p. 708; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 8, p. 338.
  15. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 6, p. 358; Ibn Abī l-Wafā, al-Jawāhir al-muḍīʾa, Muʾassasat al-Risāla, vol. 2, p. 709; Ziriklī, al-Aʿlām, 1989, vol. 5, p. 186.
  16. ↑ Dhahabī, al-ʿIqd al-thamīn, 1425 AH, p. 168.
  17. ↑ Ibn al-Nadīm, al-Fihrist, Beirut, p. 103.
  18. ↑ Wakīʿ, Akhbār al-quḍāt, 1422 AH, p. 601.
  19. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 6, p. 358; Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, 1413 AH, vol. 11, p. 297; Shūshtarī, Qāmūs al-rijāl, 1410 AH, vol. 8, p. 501.
  20. ↑ Wakīʿ, Akhbār al-quḍāt, 1422 AH, p. 602; Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-udabāʾ, 1993, vol. 5, p. 2232.
  21. ↑ Dhahabī, al-ʿIqd al-thamīn, 1425 AH, p. 168; Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ, 1405 AH, vol. 8, p. 190; Scientific Group of Imam al-Sadiq Institute, Mawsūʿat ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ, 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 459.
  22. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-udabāʾ, 1993, vol. 5, p. 2231; Shūshtarī, Qāmūs al-rijāl, 1410 AH, vol. 8, p. 502; Shabistarī, al-Fāʾiq fī ruwāt wa aṣḥāb al-Imām al-Ṣādiq (a), 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 595.
  23. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-udabāʾ, 1993, vol. 5, p. 2231; Qifṭī, Inbāh al-ruwāt, 1424 AH, vol. 1, p. 390.
  24. ↑ Jazarī, Ghāyat al-nihāya, 1429 AH, vol. 2, p. 885; Dhahabī, al-ʿIqd al-thamīn, 1425 AH, p. 168.
  25. ↑ Qifṭī, Inbāh al-ruwāt, 1424 AH, vol. 3, p. 31.
  26. ↑ Ziriklī, al-Aʿlām, 1989, vol. 5, p. 186; Ṣiddīq Ḥasan Khān, Abjad al-ʿulūm, 1420 AH, vol. 3, p. 103; Qifṭī, Inbāh al-ruwāt, 1424 AH, vol. 3, p. 31.
  27. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 6, p. 358.
  28. ↑ Wakīʿ, Akhbār al-quḍāt, 1422 AH, p. 601.
  29. ↑ Ibn al-Nadīm, al-Fihrist, Beirut, p. 103; Shūshtarī, Qāmūs al-rijāl, 1410 AH, vol. 8, p. 502.
  30. ↑ Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Tārīkh Baghdād, 1417 AH, vol. 14, p. 250; Shabistarī, al-Fāʾiq fī ruwāt wa aṣḥāb al-Imām al-Ṣādiq (a), 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 595.
  31. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-udabāʾ, 1993, vol. 5, p. 2231.
  32. ↑ Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Tārīkh Baghdād, 1417 AH, vol. 12, p. 409; Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh Madīnat Dimashq, 1415 AH, vol. 49, p. 63.
  33. ↑ Sezgin, Tārīkh al-turāth al-ʿArabī, 1412 AH, part 1, vol. 8, p. 202.
  34. ↑ Dhahabī, al-ʿIqd al-thamīn, 1425 AH, p. 167.
  35. ↑ Ibn Abī l-Wafā, al-Jawāhir al-muḍīʾa, Muʾassasat al-Risāla, vol. 2, p. 709.
  36. ↑ Dhahabī, al-ʿIqd al-thamīn, 1425 AH, p. 168; Ibn Abī l-Wafā, al-Jawāhir al-muḍīʾa, Muʾassasat al-Risāla, vol. 2, p. 709.
  37. ↑ Dhahabī, al-ʿIqd al-thamīn, 1425 AH, p. 168.
  38. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-udabāʾ, 1993, vol. 5, p. 2231.
  39. ↑ Dhahabī, al-ʿIqd al-thamīn, 1425 AH, p. 168.
  40. ↑ Qifṭī, Inbāh al-ruwāt, 1424 AH, vol. 3, p. 30.
  41. ↑ Ibn Abī l-Wafā, al-Jawāhir al-muḍīʾa, Muʾassasat al-Risāla, vol. 2, p. 709.
  42. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-udabāʾ, 1993, vol. 5, pp. 2230-2231; Ibn al-Nadīm, al-Fihrist, Beirut, p. 103; Shabistarī, al-Fāʾiq fī ruwāt wa aṣḥāb al-Imām al-Ṣādiq (a), 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 595.
  43. ↑ Qifṭī, Inbāh al-ruwāt, 1424 AH, vol. 3, p. 31.
  44. ↑ Shabistarī, al-Fāʾiq fī ruwāt wa aṣḥāb al-Imām al-Ṣādiq (a), 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 595; Sezgin, Tārīkh al-turāth al-ʿArabī, 1412 AH, part 1, vol. 8, p. 202; Baghdādī, Hadīyat al-ʿārifīn, 1951, vol. 1, p. 825.
  45. ↑ Kaḥḥāla, Muʿjam al-muʾallifīn, 1376 AH, vol. 8, p. 126.
  46. ↑ Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, 1413 AH, vol. 11, p. 297; Qifṭī, Inbāh al-ruwāt, 1424 AH, vol. 3, p. 30; Shabistarī, al-Fāʾiq fī ruwāt wa aṣḥāb al-Imām al-Ṣādiq (a), 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 595.
  47. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-udabāʾ, 1993, vol. 5, p. 2232.
  48. ↑ Shūshtarī, Qāmūs al-rijāl, 1410 AH, vol. 8, p. 502.
  49. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-udabāʾ, 1993, vol. 5, p. 2232.
  50. ↑ Qifṭī, Inbāh al-ruwāt, 1424 AH, vol. 3, p. 30.
  51. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 6, p. 358; Shūshtarī, Qāmūs al-rijāl, 1410 AH, vol. 8, p. 502; Qifṭī, Inbāh al-ruwāt, 1424 AH, vol. 3, p. 30.
  52. ↑ Wakīʿ, Akhbār al-quḍāt, 1422 AH, p. 602.
  53. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-udabāʾ, 1993, vol. 5, p. 2231.
  54. ↑ Ibn Khallikān, Wafayāt al-aʿyān, Beirut, vol. 2, p. 200.
  55. ↑ Khūʾī, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1413 AH, vol. 15, p. 62.
  56. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-udabāʾ, 1993, vol. 5, p. 2231.
  57. ↑ Dhahabī, al-ʿIqd al-thamīn, 1425 AH, p. 168; Ibn Abī l-Wafā, al-Jawāhir al-muḍīʾa, Muʾassasat al-Risāla, vol. 2, p. 709.
  58. ↑ Ibn Abī l-Wafā, al-Jawāhir al-muḍīʾa, Muʾassasat al-Risāla, vol. 2, p. 147.
  59. ↑ Ibn Abī l-Wafā, al-Jawāhir al-muḍīʾa, Muʾassasat al-Risāla, vol. 2, p. 708.
  60. ↑ Ibn al-Nadīm, al-Fihrist, Beirut, p. 103; Qifṭī, Inbāh al-ruwāt, 1424 AH, vol. 3, p. 31.
  61. ↑ Wakīʿ, Akhbār al-quḍāt, 1422 AH, p. 601; Qifṭī, Inbāh al-ruwāt, 1424 AH, vol. 3, p. 31.
  62. ↑ Scientific Group of Imam al-Sadiq Institute, Mawsūʿat ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ, 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 460.
  63. ↑ Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 8, p. 338.
  64. ↑ Dhahabī, al-ʿIqd al-thamīn, 1425 AH, p. 168.
  65. ↑ Shabistarī, al-Fāʾiq fī ruwāt wa aṣḥāb al-Imām al-Ṣādiq (a), 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 595.
  66. ↑ Sezgin, Tārīkh al-turāth al-ʿArabī, 1412 AH, part 1, vol. 8, p. 201.
  67. ↑ Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 8, p. 338.
  68. ↑ Dhahabī, al-ʿIqd al-thamīn, 1425 AH, p. 168.
  69. ↑ Scientific Group of Imam al-Sadiq Institute, Mawsūʿat ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ, 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 460.
  70. ↑ For example see: Ṭūsī, Rijāl al-Ṭūsī, 1373 Sh, p. 271; Taqī al-Dīn al-Ḥillī, al-Rijāl, 1342 Sh, part 1, p. 277; Nūrī, Mustadrak al-wasāʾil, 1429 AH, vol. 26, p. 316; Khūʾī, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1413 AH, vol. 15, p. 62; Quhpāʾī, Majmaʿ al-rijāl, 1364 Sh, vol. 5, p. 52; Ardabīlī, Jāmiʿ al-ruwāt, 1403 AH, vol. 2, p. 22.
  71. ↑ Māmaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, n.d, vol. 2, part 2, p. 25.
  72. ↑ Murtaḍā, Zubdat al-maqāl, 1426 AH, vol. 2, p. 171.
  73. ↑ Khwānsārī, Rawḍāt al-jannāt, 1390 AH, vol. 4, p. 284.
  74. ↑ ʿAlyārī Tabrīzī, Bahjat al-āmāl, 1412 AH, vol. 5, p. 413; Shabistarī, al-Fāʾiq fī ruwāt wa aṣḥāb al-Imām al-Ṣādiq (a), 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 595; Ḥusaynī, al-Tadhkira bi-maʿrifat rijāl al-kutub al-ʿashara, 1418 AH, vol. 3, p. 1379.
  75. ↑ ʿAlyārī Tabrīzī, Bahjat al-āmāl, 1412 AH, vol. 5, p. 413; Khwānsārī, Rawḍāt al-jannāt, 1390 AH, vol. 4, p. 284.
  76. ↑ Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Taqrīb al-tahdhīb, 1406 AH, vol. 1, p. 73; Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, 1413 AH, vol. 11, p. 297; Qifṭī, Inbāh al-ruwāt, 1424 AH, vol. 3, p. 31; Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-udabāʾ, 1993, vol. 5, p. 2231.
  77. ↑ Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Taqrīb al-tahdhīb, 1406 AH, vol. 1, p. 73.
  78. ↑ Ibn Abī l-Wafā, al-Jawāhir al-muḍīʾa, Muʾassasat al-Risāla, vol. 2, p. 709 quoting Ibn Abī Ḥātim.
  79. ↑ Shabistarī, al-Fāʾiq fī ruwāt wa aṣḥāb al-Imām al-Ṣādiq (a), 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 595.
  80. ↑ Shabistarī, al-Fāʾiq fī ruwāt wa aṣḥāb al-Imām al-Ṣādiq (a), 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 594.
  81. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-udabāʾ, 1993, vol. 5, pp. 2230-2231; Ibn Abī l-Wafā, al-Jawāhir al-muḍīʾa, Muʾassasat al-Risāla, vol. 2, p. 708; Baghdādī, Hadīyat al-ʿārifīn, 1951, vol. 1, p. 825.

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