Muhammad b. 'Umayr al-Tamimi
| Sending letter to Imam al-Husayn (a) | |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Muhammad b. 'Umayr b. 'Utarid al-Tamimi |
| Lineage | Banu Darim clan of Banu Tamim tribe |
| Place of Residence | Kufa, Syria |
| Death/Martyrdom | c. 85/704-5 |
| Era | Umayyad Dyanasty |
| Notable roles | Standard-bearer of Banu Darim in the Battle of Siffin, Governor of Hamadan under 'Abd al-Malik b. Marwan |
Muḥammad b. ʾUmayr b. ʾUtārid (Arabic:محمد بن عُمَير بن عُطارِد) (d. c. 85/704-5) was among the chiefs of Kufa. He participated in the battles led by Imam Ali (a). He was also among those who wrote letters to Imam al-Husayn (a) and invited him to Kufa. However, there is no report of his presence in the Battle of Karbala. Although he objected Mukhtar's Uprising at its early stages and later cooperated with him in a few cases, following the defeat of Mukhtar's Uprising, he was appointed by 'Abd al-Malik b. Marwan as the governor of Hamadan. Toward the end of his life, he migrated to Syria and died there.
His Birth and Lineage
Muhammad b. 'Umayr b. 'Utarid b. Hajib b. Zurara al-Tamimi al-Darimi was from Banu Darim tribe.[1] He was born at the time of the Holy Prophet (s). Some sources considered him among the companions of the Prophet (s), which does not seem to be true.[2]
Before the Event of 'Ashura
After the Battle of Jamal, Imam Ali (a) consulted a group of people, and Muhammad b. 'Umayr was among them.[3] In the Battle of Siffin, he was appointed by Imam (a) as the chief of the Banu Tamim tribe.[4]
During the reign of Mu'awiya, when Hujr b. 'Adi as well as some Shi'as objected the policy of spreading rumors against Imam Ali (a) and therefore were arrested and martyred, Muhammad b. 'Umayr was among those who testified against Hujr b. 'Adi.[5]
In the Battle of Karbala
He was among the chiefs of Kufa who wrote a letter to Imam al-Husayn (a) and invited him to Kufa.[6] However, there is no report about his presence or absence in Karbala. Resources have it that Ibn Ziyad married Ibn 'Umayr's daughter to his brother, 'Uthman.[7]
After the Event of 'Ashura
After the Event of 'Ashura, he was against the Uprising of Mukhtar together with Mudaris.[8] However, he finally pledged allegiance to Mukhtar al-Thaqafi and was sent by him to conquer Azerbaijan, but there is no information about it.[9]
After the defeat of Mukhtar's uprising, 'Abd al-Malik b. Marwan asked Muhammad b. 'Umayr to help him in his battle with Mus'ab b. Zubayr[10] and later appointed him as the governor of Hamadan.[11]
After the death of Yazid b. Mu'awiya, 'Amir b. Mas'ud, the governor of Kufa, sent Muhammad b. 'Umayr to suppress the revolt in Rey, but he was defeated.[12]
After Hajjaj al-Thaqafi was appointed as the governor of Kufa, Muhammad b. 'Umayr emigrated to Syria because of the hatred he had toward him.[13] He died in Syria in 85 AH/704-5.[14]
Notes
- ↑ Ibn Ḥazm al-Andulīsī, Jamharat ansāb al-ʿarab, p. 233.
- ↑ Ziriklī, al-Aʿlām, vol. 6, p. 319.
- ↑ Masʿūdī, Murūj al-dhahab, vol. 3, p. 38.
- ↑ Ibn Athīr, al-Kāmil, vol. 4, p. 144.
- ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 5, p. 254; Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 5, p. 270.
- ↑ Dīnawarī, al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl, p. 229; Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 3, p. 157; Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 5, p. 253; Abū ʿAlī Miskawayh, Tajārub al-umam, vol. 2, p. 40.
- ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 12, p. 23.
- ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 6, p. 47; Ibn Athīr, al-Kāmil, vol. 4, p. 233.
- ↑ Ibn Athīr, al-Kāmil, vol. 4, p. 227; Ibn al-Jawzī, al-Muntaẓam, vol. 6, p. 55.
- ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 6, p. 156; Abū ʿAlī Miskawayh, Tajārub al-umam, vol. 2, p. 235.
- ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 6, p. 164; Ibn al-Jawzī, al-Muntaẓam, vol. 6, p. 112.
- ↑ Khalīfa b. Khayyāṭ, Tārīkh-i Khalīfa b. Khayyāṭ, p. 162; Ibn Athīr, al-Kāmil, vol. 4, p. 114; Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 12, p. 161; Ibn Khaldūn, Dīwan al-mubtadaʾ wa l-khabar, vol. 3, p. 171.
- ↑ Ibn Athīr, al-Kāmil, vol. 4, p. 114.
- ↑ Ziriklī, al-Aʿlām, vol. 6, p. 319.
References
- Abū ʿAlī Miskawayh, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad. Tajārub al-umam. Edited by Abu l-Qāsim Imāmī. Tehran: Dār Surūsh, 1379 Sh.
- Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. Ansāb al-ashrāf. Edited by Muḥammad Bāqir Maḥmūdī. Beirut: Dār al-Taʿāruf, 1977.
- Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. Ansāb al-ashrāf. Edited by Iḥsān ʿAbbās. Beirut: Jamʿiyat al-Mustashriqīn al-Ālmāniya, 1400 AH-1979.
- Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. Jumal min ansāb al-ashrāf. Edited by Suhayl Zakār and Riyāḍ al-Ziriklī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1417 AH.
- Dīnawarī, Aḥmad b. Dāwūd al-. Al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl. Edited by ʿAbd al-Munʿim ʿĀmir and Jamāl al-Dīn Shiyāl. Qom: Manshūrāt al-Sharīf al-Raḍī, 1368 Sh.
- Ibn Athīr al-Jazarī, ʿAlī b. Abī l-Karam. Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1385 AH.
- Ibn Aʿtham al-Kūfī, Aḥmad b. Aʿtham. Kitāb al-Futūḥ. Edited by ʿAlī Shīrī. Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwaʾ, 1411 AH.
- Ibn Ḥazm al-Andulīsī, ʿAlī b. Aḥmad b. Saʿīd. Jamharat ansāb al-ʿarab. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1418 AH.
- Ibn al-Jawzī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlī. Al-Muntaẓam fī tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭāʾ and Musṭafā ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭāʾ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1412 AH.
- Ibn Khaldūn, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad. Dīwan al-mubtadaʾ wa l-khabar fi tārīkh al-ʿarab wa al-barbar wa man ʿāṣarahum min dhawi al-shaʾn al-ʾakbar. Edited by Khalīl al-Shaḥāda. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1408 AH.
- Khalīfa b. Khayyāṭ. Tārīkh-i Khalīfa b. Khayyāṭ. Edited by Muṣṭafā Najīb Fawwāz. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1415 AH.
- Masʿūdī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn al-. Murūj al-dhahab wa maʿadin al-jawhar. 2nd edition. Edited by Asʿad Dāghir. Qom: Dār al-Hijra, 1409 AH.
- Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-.Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk. Edited by Muḥammad Abu l-faḍl Ibrāhīm. Beirut: Dar al-Turāth, 1387 AH.
- Ziriklī, Khayr al-Dīn al-. Al-Aʿlām qāmus tarājum li ashhur al-rijāl wa al-nisāʾ min al-ʿarab wa al-mustaʿribīn wa al-mustashriqīn. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm li-l-Malāyyīn, 1989.