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Draft:Exporting the Islamic Revolution

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Exporting the Islamic Revolution (Arabic: تصدير الثورة الإسلامية) is a set of policies, actions, and approaches of the Islamic Republic of Iran undertaken to spread the ideals and values of the Islamic Revolution of Iran beyond the country's borders. This issue has been raised since the beginning of the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and has been emphasized in several articles of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially Article 154.

Exporting the Islamic Revolution is defined not as military intervention or the imposition of ideology, but as the promotion of Islamic discourse, support for the oppressed, and the strengthening of freedom-seeking movements in the Islamic world. Imam Khomeini considered exporting the revolution a religious and human duty to confront oppression, arrogance, and domineering systems.

This policy has been pursued in various forms, including cultural and media activities, public diplomacy, and spiritual support for Islamic movements and regional resistance. However, exporting the Islamic Revolution has always faced different reactions from global powers, regional countries, and domestic political currents, and has been considered a controversial issue in the arena of Iran's foreign policy.

Description and Status

The Truth of Exporting the Islamic Revolution

Sayyid 'Ali Khamenei:
The revolution is not something that someone exports. A revolution is not goods that can be exported. A revolution is not a cargo that can be taken somewhere else or exported to another country. A revolution, if it is correct and logical, and if it is attractive to nations, exports itself; without anyone wanting to export it. We did not export the revolution. The revolution has been exported by its own attractions.
... We do not want to export the revolution today. The revolution is exported once; and it was! The fact that you see today, all over the world, the Islamic inclination and faith have been revived; the fact that you see the nations in North Africa and the Middle East and in the East and West of Islamic countries have awakened; the fact that you see young Muslims in various countries turning to the beauties of religion and the Qur'an, all indicate that the Islamic Revolution was exported at its very beginning.

Speech in Eid al-Fitr Prayer Sermon (March 24, 1993)
[1]

According to Sayyid 'Ali Khamenei, the second leader of the revolution, exporting Iran's revolution means exporting Islamic culture and human values[2] such as monotheism, Islamic ethics, the spirit of sacrifice, sincerity, and self-purification.[3] Imam Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Revolution, stated that the nature of exporting the revolution is cultural and spiritual.[4] Based on this, exporting the revolution is carried out not through military and security means[5] but through the path of reproducing Islamic teachings and giving identity to Muslims[6] in order to present the true face of Islam.[7]

Sayyid 'Ali Khamenei has considered the universality of the movement of Imam Khomeini and the attractiveness of forming a just Islamic government as the factor in exporting the revolution to other countries without the need to interfere in their internal affairs.[8] Article 154 of the Iranian Constitution also emphasizes the export of the revolution with an emphasis on non-interference in the internal affairs of nations, by supporting Islamic political movements and their struggle against arrogance.[9]

According to the belief of Imam Khomeini, the goal of exporting the revolution is the implementation of Islamic rulings in the world and the achievement of prosperity and freedom by the people of the world.[10] Hence, exporting the revolution is realized when, first, the truth of Islam and Islamic and human ethics grow in Iran[11] and this country turns into a prosperous and affluent country enjoying social justice and other Islamic values.[12] Other goals have been enumerated for exporting the revolution, including the following:

  • Implementing the global goals of Islam in the whole world
  • Paving the way for the formation of the global government of the Imam of the Time (a)
  • Reviving the Islamic identity of Muslims
  • Unity and convergence of Muslims of the world
  • Awakening of nations and their struggle against global arrogance
  • Exporting revolutionary experiences to the whole world[13]
  • Establishing reconciliation between governments and nations[14]

Strategies and Tools for Exporting the Revolution

From the perspective of Imam Khomeini, all legitimate tools appropriate for the cultural and propagational approach should be used to export the revolution.[15] Various institutions such as embassies, media, Islamic seminaries, and Islamic ceremonies are considered among the tools for exporting the revolution.[16] Therefore, it is emphasized that the export of the revolution will take place with cultural tools and diplomatic methods.[17] In this regard, strategies for exporting the revolution have been presented, some of which are as follows:

  • Conducting propaganda through various media outside the country[18]
  • Recruiting forces and dispatching them abroad to spread Islamic culture[19]
  • Presenting praiseworthy ethics and Islamic behavior by travelers and pilgrims abroad[20]
  • Influencing foreign statesmen by Iranian officials[21]
  • Creating resistance cells all over the world to confront the powers of the East and the West[22]
  • Supporting liberation and Islamic movements in the world
  • Continuous and tireless struggle against global arrogance led by the United States[23]
  • Implementing the instructions of Islam and turning the country into an Islamic government and society and making it a successful model for others[24]
  • Holding seminars and congresses to communicate with other nations[25]
  • Accepting and dispatching students to other countries to communicate with the people of those countries[26]

Actions Taken

An image of the Ceremony of Disassociation from Polytheists in the 1980s

Actions have been taken by the Islamic Republic of Iran that are considered to be in line with the export of the revolution. Some of these actions are as follows:

Obstacles Encountered on the Path of Exporting the Revolution

According to researchers, after the revolution, internal obstacles (turmoil, separatism) and external ones (showing a distorted image of Iran by Western media) hindered the export of the revolution.[28] It has also been said that the eight-year war, sanctions, the death of Imam Khomeini, the unipolarization of the world, and post-war reconstruction turned the policy of exporting the revolution from offensive to defensive.[29] Also, the nationalistic interests of Islamic governments, the suppression of Islamic movements, and cultural actions against Shi'as have been recognized as other obstacles to exporting the revolution.[30] Exporting the revolution to other countries has been considered a great danger to the interests of superpower countries. Therefore, these countries have placed a special focus on comprehensive confrontation with Islamic Iran on their agenda.[31]

Challenges

Iran's decision to export the revolution to other countries caused tension in this country's relations with the Arab world and caused the danger of Israel to the Arabs to turn into a secondary threat and Iran to be introduced as the main danger.[32] The containment and suppression of Islamist movements in countries like Iraq, Egypt, Tunisia, and Indonesia have been considered among the consequences of the Islamic Revolution of Iran.[33]

Muhammad Baqir Hishmatzada, a professor of political science in Iran, has considered the Iraqi imposed war against Iran as one of the consequences of exporting the revolution.[34] According to him, the countries of the region and the international system, which saw their existence and interests in danger with the export of the revolution, reached a consensus on imposing a war against Iran and started the imposed war.[35]

The Impact of the Revolution on Regional Countries

The victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran led to the idea of exporting the revolution in 1358 SH (1979-1980)[36] and created waves of political Islam in the Arab world.[37] It has been said that this revolution revived political Islam,[38] spread the thought of revolutionaryism[39], and popularized the model of religious government.[40] In political struggles, the inclination toward jihad increased, and Islamic movements accepted jihad, martyrdom, and sacrifice as their fundamental principles[41], and the slogans of the revolution were used in popular protests in various countries[42] and influenced the Middle East region, which frightened the governments.[43]

The hijab, as one of the manifestations of the revolution, spread in Islamic movements[44], and in countries like Lebanon and Algeria, the chador of Iranian women was used.[45] The most direct and lasting impact of the revolution was in Lebanon,[46] which led to the establishment of Hezbollah in 1983.[47] In Palestine,[48] the Islamic Revolution caused Islamic Awakening and the formation of resistance currents such as the Islamic Jihad and Hamas.[49]

The Islamic Revolution caused the revival and expansion of the activities of the al-Da'wa Party in Iraq[50], and the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq in Tehran (1361 SH / 1982-1983)[51] and the formation of the Popular Mobilization Forces are among its impacts on Iraq.[52] In Yemen, Imam Khomeini's thoughts influenced the Houthis[53], and in 2011, Ansar Allah of Yemen took power.[54]

Shortly after the revolution, in Saudi Arabia, Shi'as in the cities of Qatif, Safra, Abqaiq, and Khunji held demonstrations[55], and in Bahrain, the Islamic Revolution caused the political and religious awakening of the Shi'as, which led to demonstrations and support for the revolution.[56] The formation of the Islamic Front for the Liberation of Bahrain[57] and the people's protests led by Shaykh 'Isa Qasim in 2011 are signs of this influence.[58]

Proponents and Opponents

Political groups and fronts in Iran took different stances on the issue of exporting the revolution;

  • First group (Delay in exporting the revolution): This group believed that exporting the revolution should be postponed until Iran reached the necessary capability and the internal situation stabilized. They also emphasized avoiding an aggressive confrontation with the global community.[59]
  • Second group (Military export of the revolution): This group decisively supported the military export of the revolution. They considered internal development as a kind of compromise and insisted on the destruction of surrounding regimes through military and intelligence tools.[60]
  • Third group (Nationalists, especially Mehdi Bazargan and his cabinet): This group considered exporting the revolution a mistaken and harmful action.[61] Despite having Islamic beliefs, they made nationalism the main focus of their activity and considered national reconstruction a priority.[62] They opposed an ideological confrontation with the global system and emphasized establishing relations with all countries and joining the global community.[63] From their perspective, exporting the revolution was contrary to international principles, and they considered Islamic values limited to Iran's borders.[64]

Foreign Reactions

The leaders of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, by emphasizing the export of the revolution to other countries, provoked the concern of the Persian Gulf countries.[65] This issue had a negative impact on this country's relations with Arab countries.[66] Arab countries, from the beginning of the victory of the revolution in Iran, opposed it, among which Saudi Arabia was more opposed to the establishment of the Islamic Revolution in Iran than other countries.[67]

According to some researchers, European countries, to counter the Islamic Revolution and its export, turned to policies such as Islamophobia and Iranophobia and tried to present a violent image of Islam.[68]

Cover image of the book "Sudur-i Inqilab-i Islami; Zaminah-ha wa Payamad-ha-yi Bayn al-Milali-yi an"

Monographs

Various books have been written on the subject of exporting the Islamic Revolution of Iran. Some of these writings are as follows:

  • Sudur-i inqilab az manzar-i Imam Khomeini: This book is written by 'Abbas-'Ali Farzandi, in which the foundations and principles of exporting the revolution and presenting its related strategy according to the view of Imam Khomeini are explained.[69]
  • Siyasat-i sudur-i inqilab-i Islami: This book has addressed the impacts of the Islamic Revolution of Iran on other societies. The mentioned book is authored by 'Ali Fallah-Nizhad and published by the Islamic Revolution Document Center.[70]
  • Sudur-i inqilab-i Islami; fursat-ha wa chalish-ha: This book is about the Islamic Revolution of Iran and its impact on the Islamic Awakening and is written by Ghulam-Riza 'Iraqi.[71]
  • Sudur-i inqilab-i Islami; zaminah-ha wa payamad-ha-yi bayn al-milali-yi an: This book is written by Bahram Nawazani and published by the 'Uruj Institute.[72]

Notes

  1. ↑ https://farsi.khamenei.ir/speech-content?id=2661
  2. ↑ Khamenei, "Bayanat dar didar-i aqshar-i mukhtalif-i mardum", Information Base of the Office for the Preservation and Publication of the Works of Ayatollah Khamenei.
  3. ↑ Khamenei, "Bayanat dar didar-i aqshar-i mukhtalif-i mardum", Information Base of the Office for the Preservation and Publication of the Works of Ayatollah Khamenei.
  4. ↑ Qa'imi, "Inqilab-i Islami wa guftuman-ha-yi sudur-i inqilab", p. 497.
  5. ↑ Khamenei, "Bayanat dar didar-i tullab-i ghayr-i Irani-yi hawza-yi 'ilmiyya-yi Qum", Information Base of the Office for the Preservation and Publication of the Works of Ayatollah Khamenei.
  6. ↑ Khamenei, "Bayanat dar didar-i tullab-i ghayr-i Irani-yi hawza-yi 'ilmiyya-yi Qum", Information Base of the Office for the Preservation and Publication of the Works of Ayatollah Khamenei.
  7. ↑ Khomeini, Sudur-i inqilab az didgah-i Imam Khomeini, 1387 SH, p. 36; Qa'imi, "Inqilab-i Islami wa guftuman-ha-yi sudur-i inqilab", p. 496.
  8. ↑ Khamenei, "Khutba-ha-yi namaz-i jum'a dar bist-u-yikumin salgard-i rihlat-i Imam Khomeini", Information Base of the Office for the Preservation and Publication of the Works of Ayatollah Khamenei; Khamenei, "Bayanat dar awwalin didar ba namayandigan-i majlis-i hashtum", Information Base of the Office for the Preservation and Publication of the Works of Ayatollah Khamenei.
  9. ↑ Qurbani, "Nigahi bi jaygah-i sudur-i inqilab dar qanun-i asasi", 598 Analytical News Base website.
  10. ↑ Khomeini, Sudur-i inqilab az didgah-i Imam Khomeini, 1387 SH, p. 9.
  11. ↑ Khomeini, Sahifa-yi Imam, 1389 SH, vol. 13, p. 488.
  12. ↑ Qa'imi, "Inqilab-i Islami wa guftuman-ha-yi sudur-i inqilab", pp. 498-499.
  13. ↑ Farzandi Urdakani, "Daramadi bar istiratizhi-yi sudur-i inqilab az manzar-i Imam Khomeini", pp. 201-209; Asifari et al., "Barrasi-yi ta'thirat-i mu'allafa-ha-yi guftuman-i sudur-i inqilab bar amniyyat-i Jumhuri-yi Islami-yi Iran" p. 410.
  14. ↑ Khomeini, Sahifa-yi Imam, 1389 SH, vol. 13, p. 96.
  15. ↑ Parwana, "Sudur-i inqilab bi mathaba-yi naqsha-yi rah-i jahan-garayi dar andisha-yi siyasi-yi Imam Khomeini", p. 179.
  16. ↑ Farzandi Urdakani, "Daramadi bar istiratizhi-yi sudur-i inqilab az manzar-i Imam Khomeini", pp. 221-222.
  17. ↑ Qa'imi, "Inqilab-i Islami wa guftuman-ha-yi sudur-i inqilab", p. 498.
  18. ↑ Khomeini, Sudur-i inqilab az didgah-i Imam Khomeini, 1387 SH, p. 52.
  19. ↑ Khomeini, Sudur-i inqilab az didgah-i Imam Khomeini, 1387 SH, p. 52; Yazdani et al., "Barrasi-yi abzar-ha wa shiwa-ha-yi sudur-i arzish-ha-yi inqilab-i Islami-yi Iran", p. 264.
  20. ↑ Khomeini, Sudur-i inqilab az didgah-i Imam Khomeini, 1387 SH, p. 52.
  21. ↑ Khomeini, Sudur-i inqilab az didgah-i Imam Khomeini, 1387 SH, p. 56.
  22. ↑ Farzandi Urdakani, "Daramadi bar istiratizhi-yi sudur-i inqilab az manzar-i Imam Khomeini", p. 202.
  23. ↑ Farzandi Urdakani, "Daramadi bar istiratizhi-yi sudur-i inqilab az manzar-i Imam Khomeini", pp. 212-221.
  24. ↑ Yazdani et al., "Barrasi-yi abzar-ha wa shiwa-ha-yi sudur-i arzish-ha-yi inqilab-i Islami-yi Iran", p. 256.
  25. ↑ Yazdani et al., "Barrasi-yi abzar-ha wa shiwa-ha-yi sudur-i arzish-ha-yi inqilab-i Islami-yi Iran", p. 257.
  26. ↑ Yazdani et al., "Barrasi-yi abzar-ha wa shiwa-ha-yi sudur-i arzish-ha-yi inqilab-i Islami-yi Iran", p. 272.
  27. ↑ Hishmatzada, Ta'thir-i inqilab-i Islami-yi Iran bar kishwar-ha-yi Islami, 1386 SH, p. 69.
  28. ↑ Muhammadi, "Siyasat-i sudur-i inqilab-i Islami; mawani' wa rahkare-ha", Islam Times website.
  29. ↑ Muhammadi, "Siyasat-i sudur-i inqilab-i Islami; mawani' wa rahkare-ha", Islam Times website.
  30. ↑ Muhammadi, "Siyasat-i sudur-i inqilab-i Islami; mawani' wa rahkare-ha", Islam Times website.
  31. ↑ Muhammadi, "Siyasat-i sudur-i inqilab-i Islami; mawani' wa rahkare-ha", Islam Times website.
  32. ↑ Hishmatzada, Ta'thir-i inqilab-i Islami-yi Iran bar kishwar-ha-yi Islami, 1386 SH, p. 73.
  33. ↑ Asifari et al., "Barrasi-yi ta'thirat-i mu'allafa-ha-yi guftuman-i sudur-i inqilab bar amniyyat-i Jumhuri-yi Islami-yi Iran" p. 421.
  34. ↑ Hishmatzada, Ta'thir-i inqilab-i Islami-yi Iran bar kishwar-ha-yi Islami, 1386 SH, p. 51.
  35. ↑ Hishmatzada, Ta'thir-i inqilab-i Islami-yi Iran bar kishwar-ha-yi Islami, 1386 SH, p. 51.
  36. ↑ Hishmatzada, Ta'thir-i inqilab-i Islami-yi Iran bar kishwar-ha-yi Islami, 1386 SH, p. 51.
  37. ↑ Hishmatzada, Ta'thir-i inqilab-i Islami-yi Iran bar kishwar-ha-yi Islami, 1386 SH, p. 72.
  38. ↑ Akbari Karimabadi, "Ta'thir-i inqilab-i Islami bar khizish-ha-yi mardumi dar kishwar-ha-yi 'Arabi-yi Khawarmiyana", p. 34.
  39. ↑ Asifari et al., "Barrasi-yi ta'thirat-i mu'allafa-ha-yi guftuman-i sudur-i inqilab bar amniyyat-i Jumhuri-yi Islami-yi Iran" p. 420.
  40. ↑ Asifari et al., "Barrasi-yi ta'thirat-i mu'allafa-ha-yi guftuman-i sudur-i inqilab bar amniyyat-i Jumhuri-yi Islami-yi Iran" p. 423.
  41. ↑ Shirudi, "Inqilab-i Islami-yi Iran wa junbish-ha-yi jahan-i Islam", p. 31.
  42. ↑ Shirudi, "Inqilab-i Islami-yi Iran wa junbish-ha-yi jahan-i Islam", pp. 32-33.
  43. ↑ Mujarrad, Ta'thir-i inqilab-i Islami bar siyasat-i bayn al-milal, 1386 SH, p. 199.
  44. ↑ Shirudi, "Inqilab-i Islami-yi Iran wa junbish-ha-yi jahan-i Islam", pp. 33-34.
  45. ↑ Shirudi, "Inqilab-i Islami-yi Iran wa junbish-ha-yi jahan-i Islam", pp. 33-34.
  46. ↑ Mujarrad, Ta'thir-i inqilab-i Islami bar siyasat-i bayn al-milal, 1386 SH, p. 201.
  47. ↑ Hishmatzada, Ta'thir-i inqilab-i Islami-yi Iran bar kishwar-ha-yi Islami, 1386 SH, pp. 121-122.
  48. ↑ Salihi and Shahabi, "Ta'thir-i inqilab-i Islami-yi Iran bar bidari-yi Islami-yi mantiqa-yi Khawarmiyana", p. 57.
  49. ↑ Hidayati Shahhidani and Baba'i, Mihwar-i muqawamat; sharhi bar wizhigi-ha wa wujuh-i mukhtalif, 1399 SH, p. 116.
  50. ↑ Hafizniya and Ahmadi, "Tabyin-i zhi'u-pulitiki-yi atharguzari-yi inqilab-i Islami bar siyasi-shudan-i Shi'ayan-i jahan", p. 86.
  51. ↑ Hafizniya and Ahmadi, "Tabyin-i zhi'u-pulitiki-yi atharguzari-yi inqilab-i Islami bar siyasi-shudan-i Shi'ayan-i jahan", p. 93.
  52. ↑ Hafizniya and Ahmadi, "Tabyin-i zhi'u-pulitiki-yi atharguzari-yi inqilab-i Islami bar siyasi-shudan-i Shi'ayan-i jahan", pp. 34, 152.
  53. ↑ Nasr Isfahani, "Ta'thir-i naqsh-i mafhumi-yi inqilab-i Islami bar huwiyyat-khwahi-yi Shi'ayan-i Yaman ba ta'kid bar junbish-i Huthi", p. 66.
  54. ↑ Nasr Isfahani, "Ta'thir-i naqsh-i mafhumi-yi inqilab-i Islami bar huwiyyat-khwahi-yi Shi'ayan-i Yaman ba ta'kid bar junbish-i Huthi", p. 71.
  55. ↑ Shirudi, "Inqilab-i Islami-yi Iran wa junbish-ha-yi jahan-i Islam", p. 34.
  56. ↑ Hizbawi and Karimi-Fard, "Nazariyya-yi pakhsh wa ta'thir-i inqilab-i Islami-yi Iran bar Shi'ayan-i Bahrayn", p. 197.
  57. ↑ Hafizniya and Ahmadi, "Tabyin-i zhi'u-pulitiki-yi atharguzari-yi inqilab-i Islami bar siyasi-shudan-i Shi'ayan-i jahan", p. 88.
  58. ↑ Hafizniya and Ahmadi, "Tabyin-i zhi'u-pulitiki-yi atharguzari-yi inqilab-i Islami bar siyasi-shudan-i Shi'ayan-i jahan", pp. 88-89.
  59. ↑ Tawakkuli, "Bahthi piramun-i nazarat-i muwafiqat wa mukhalifan-i sudur-i inqilab", p. 56; Asifari et al., "Barrasi-yi ta'thirat-i mu'allafa-ha-yi guftuman-i sudur-i inqilab bar amniyyat-i Jumhuri-yi Islami-yi Iran", p. 404; Pur-Muhammad, "Sudur-i inqilab, chirayi, chisti wa chigunigi", Hawza Information Base.
  60. ↑ Tawakkuli, "Bahthi piramun-i nazarat-i muwafiqat wa mukhalifan-i sudur-i inqilab", p. 56; Asifari et al., "Barrasi-yi ta'thirat-i mu'allafa-ha-yi guftuman-i sudur-i inqilab bar amniyyat-i Jumhuri-yi Islami-yi Iran", p. 403; Pur-Muhammad, "Sudur-i inqilab, chirayi, chisti wa chigunigi", Hawza Information Base.
  61. ↑ Tawakkuli, "Bahthi piramun-i nazarat-i muwafiqat wa mukhalifan-i sudur-i inqilab", p. 56; Asifari et al., "Barrasi-yi ta'thirat-i mu'allafa-ha-yi guftuman-i sudur-i inqilab bar amniyyat-i Jumhuri-yi Islami-yi Iran", pp. 402-403; Pur-Muhammad, "Sudur-i inqilab, chirayi, chisti wa chigunigi", Hawza Information Base.
  62. ↑ Tawakkuli, "Bahthi piramun-i nazarat-i muwafiqat wa mukhalifan-i sudur-i inqilab", p. 56; Asifari et al., "Barrasi-yi ta'thirat-i mu'allafa-ha-yi guftuman-i sudur-i inqilab bar amniyyat-i Jumhuri-yi Islami-yi Iran", pp. 402-403; Pur-Muhammad, "Sudur-i inqilab, chirayi, chisti wa chigunigi", Hawza Information Base.
  63. ↑ Tawakkuli, "Bahthi piramun-i nazarat-i muwafiqat wa mukhalifan-i sudur-i inqilab", p. 56; Asifari et al., "Barrasi-yi ta'thirat-i mu'allafa-ha-yi guftuman-i sudur-i inqilab bar amniyyat-i Jumhuri-yi Islami-yi Iran", pp. 402-403; Pur-Muhammad, "Sudur-i inqilab, chirayi, chisti wa chigunigi", Hawza Information Base.
  64. ↑ Tawakkuli, "Bahthi piramun-i nazarat-i muwafiqat wa mukhalifan-i sudur-i inqilab", p. 56; Asifari et al., "Barrasi-yi ta'thirat-i mu'allafa-ha-yi guftuman-i sudur-i inqilab bar amniyyat-i Jumhuri-yi Islami-yi Iran", pp. 402-403; Pur-Muhammad, "Sudur-i inqilab, chirayi, chisti wa chigunigi", Hawza Information Base.
  65. ↑ Al-Dab' Fayiz and Muhammad Hasan Muluk, "Mawqif al-duwal al-khalijiyya min al-thawrat al-Iraniyya", p. 192.
  66. ↑ Al-Dab' Fayiz and Muhammad Hasan Muluk, "Mawqif al-duwal al-khalijiyya min al-thawrat al-Iraniyya", p. 187.
  67. ↑ Al-Dab' Fayiz and Muhammad Hasan Muluk, "Mawqif al-duwal al-khalijiyya min al-thawrat al-Iraniyya", p. 187.
  68. ↑ Baqiri Dawlat-Abadi and Fakhra'i, "Asib-shinasi-yi sudur-i inqilab-i Islami bi Urupa bar asas-i nazariyya-yi guftuman", pp. 87-88.
  69. ↑ "Sudur-i inqilab az manzar-i Imam Khomeini", Website of the Publications of the Research Institute for Islamic Culture and Thought.
  70. ↑ "Kitab-i sudur-i inqilab-i Islami; fursat-ha wa chalish-ha bi chap-i chaharum rasid", Website of the Research Institute for Islamic Information and Document Management.
  71. ↑ "Sudur-i inqilab-i Islami: fursat-ha wa chalish-ha", Website of the Iran Book and Literature House.
  72. ↑ "Sudur-i inqilab-i Islami: zaminah-ha wa payamad-ha-yi bayn al-milali-yi an", Website of the Imam Khomeini Publications Store.

References

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