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Draft:Verse 28 of Sura al-Anfal

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Verse 28 of Sura al-Anfal
Verse's Information
Suraal-Anfal (Qur'an 8)
Verse28
Juz'9
Content Information
Cause of
Revelation		Treachery of Abu Lubaba al-Ansari
TopicFitna • Divine Trial
Related VersesQur'an 64:15, Qur'an 63:9, Qur'an 18:46


Qur'an 8:28 introduces wealth and children as instruments of Divine trial,[1] affirming that divine reward (ajr and thawab) is reserved for those who obey God by engaging in Jihad and abstaining from treachery.[2] With the exception of the opening phrase "wa a'lamu" (and know), the exact wording of this verse is reiterated in Qur'an 64:15.

In Tafsir al-Burhan, al-Bahrani narrates a tradition from Imam Ali (a) that directly references Qur'an 8:28. The Imam advises that individuals should never pray, "O God, I seek refuge in You from trial," since every human being is inevitably subjected to testing. Instead, one should specifically seek refuge in God from misleading temptations (fitnas), as God explicitly declares: "And know that your possessions and children are only a test...".[3]

According to the Shi'a exegete Nasir Makarim Shirazi, Qur'an 8:27 (the Verse of Treachery) was revealed to explicitly forbid betraying the Prophet (s) and disclosing military secrets.[4] Subsequently, Qur'an 8:28 identifies the underlying causes of such treachery among certain companions: an excessive love for wealth and children, coupled with the desire to protect personal interests.[5] Similarly, 'Allama Tabataba'i views Qur'an 8:28 as conceptually and contextually intertwined with Qur'an 8:27.[6]

Citing narrations from Imam al-Baqir (a) and Imam al-Sadiq (a), some exegetes propose a shared cause of revelation for both verses. According to these accounts, during the Battle of Banu Qurayza, the Jewish tribes suggested that the Prophet (s) leave Medina for the al-Sham. The Prophet (s) rejected this proposal and instead demanded they submit to the arbitration of Sa'd b. Mu'ad. The Jewish leaders then requested that Abu Lubaba be sent to consult with them. During this meeting, Abu Lubaba committed an act of betrayal: by gesturing to his throat, he signaled to them that accepting the arbitration would result in their execution. It was in the wake of this treachery that Qur'an 8:27 and Qur'an 8:28 were revealed. Overcome with remorse, Abu Lubaba later bound himself to a pillar in the Prophet's mosque until God accepted his repentance.[7] Conversely, other exegetes dispute this specific event as the definitive cause of revelation for Qur'an 8:28. They argue that the incident merely serves as a practical application or example of the verse's broader message. Furthermore, they note that the primary thematic focus of Sura al-Anfal is tied to the events of the Battle of Badr, rather than the subsequent conflict with the Banu Qurayza.[8]

Notes

  1. ↑ Jawādī Āmulī, Tasnīm, 1393 Sh, vol. 32, p. 332.
  2. ↑ Ṭabrsī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 4, p. 824.
  3. ↑ Baḥrānī, al-Burhān, 1415 AH, vol. 2, p. 723.
  4. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i namūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 7, p. 136.
  5. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i namūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 7, p. 137.
  6. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1390 AH, vol. 9, p. 56.
  7. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i namūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 7, p. 134.
  8. ↑ Jawādī Āmulī, Tasnīm, 1393 Sh, vol. 32, p. 345; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1390 AH, vol. 9, p. 64; Faḍlallāh, Min waḥy al-Qurʾān, 1419 AH, vol. 10, p. 363.

References

  • Baḥrānī, Sayyid Hāshim, al-Burhān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Tehran, Bunyād-i Biʿthat, 1st edition, 1415 AH.
  • Jawādī Āmulī, ʿAbd Allāh, Tasnīm, Qom, Markaz-i Nashr-i Isrāʾ, 2nd edition, 1393 Sh.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn, al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Beirut, Muʾassasat al-Aʿlamī lil-Maṭbūʿāt, 2nd edition, 1390 AH.
  • Ṭabrsī, Faḍl b. Ḥasan, Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Tehran, Intishārāt-i Nāṣir Khusraw, 3rd edition, 1372 Sh.
  • Faḍlallāh, Muḥammad Ḥusayn, Min waḥy al-Qurʾān, Beirut, Dār al-Malāk, 1st edition, 1419 AH.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir, Tafsīr-i namūna, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1st edition, 1374 Sh.
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