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Draft:Yaḥyā b. Umm al-Ṭawīl

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Yahya b. Umm al-Tawil
Full NameYahya b. Umm al-Tawil al-Thumali
Companion ofImam al-Husayn (a), Imam al-Sajjad (a) and Imam al-Baqir (a)
Epithetal-Thumali and al-Mut'imi
Religious AffiliationShi'a
LineageFrom Thumali family
Wellknown RelativesAbu Hamza al-Thumali
BirthBetween 20/640-41 and 40/660-61
Place(s) of ResidenceKufa
MartyrdomBetween 85/704 and 95/713-14
Cause of MartyrdomKilled by the order of al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf
Burial PlaceWasit (a city in Iraq)
ProfessorsRashid al-Hajari and Nuf al-Bikali
StudentsAbu Hamza al-Thumali, Abu Khalid al-Kabuli and ...


Yaḥyā b. Umm al-Ṭawīl was a prominent member of the Tabi'un[1] and a devoted companion of Imam al-Sajjad (a).[2] Distinguished Shi'a Rijal scholars have deemed him Thiqa (trustworthy),[3] and he has been praised by 'Allama al-Majlisi.[4] Yahya is cited in all primary sources concerning the close companions of Imam al-Sajjad (a), and major Rijal scholars have spoken highly of him.[5] al-Kashshi reports a narration from Imam al-Sadiq (a) stating that Yahya was one of the few individuals who remained steadfast in his adherence to the Ahl al-Bayt (a) following the martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a).[6] He further narrates from Fadl b. Shadhan that Yahya was among the five individuals who supported Imam al-Sajjad (a) at the onset of his Imamate.[7]

Ibn Shahrashub identified Yahya as the Gate (Bāb) of Imam al-Sajjad (a),[8] while 'Allama al-Majlisi counted him among the companions of Imam al-Husayn (a).[9] Researchers have also characterized Yahya as a figure of immense bravery.[10] According to al-Kulayni, Yahya openly expressed disassociation (barāʾa) from the enemies of Imam Ali (a).[11] Based on a report by al-Kashshi, al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf summoned Yahya and ordered him to curse Imam Ali (a); upon his refusal, al-Hajjaj ordered his hands and feet to be severed, resulting in his martyrdom.[12] He was buried in the city of Wasit, Iraq,[13] and the time of his martyrdom is estimated to be between 85/704 and 95/713-14.[14]

According to hadith sources, Yahya b. Umm al-Tawil transmitted traditions from Imam Ali (a),[15] Imam al-Sajjad (a), and Imam al-Baqir (a). Some scholars suggest that the chain of transmission for his reports from Imam Ali (a) may be broken, implying that intermediate narrators were omitted.[16]

Shi'a Rijal scholars note that Yahya narrated traditions from figures such as Rashid al-Hajari and Nuf al-Bikali.[17] Conversely, narrators such as Abu Hamza al-Thumali, Harun b. Kharija, Furat b. Ahnaf,[18] Sa'id b. al-Musayyib,[19] Yaman b. 'Ubayd Allah,[20] Abu Khalid al-Kabuli,[21] and Thabit b. Abi Safiyya[22] have narrated from him.

In Rijal sources, Yahya b. Umm al-Tawil[23] is referred to by epithets such as "al-Mut'imi"[24] and "al-Thumali".[25] Some sources record his father's name as Mu'ammar.[26] Based on a report by the 4th-century historian al-Mas'udi, who described Imam al-Sajjad (a) as the child of Yahya's wet nurse (implying a foster-brother relationship),[27] researchers have deduced that he was likely a contemporary of Imam al-Sajjad (a) in age, estimating his birth between 20/640-41 and 40/660-61.[28] Additionally, in Kanz al-Fawa'id, al-Karajaki asserts that he belonged to the tribe of Abu Hamza al-Thumali.[29]

Citing al-Najashi, some scholars have claimed that Muhammad b. Wahban b. Muhammad authored a book regarding the narrations of Yahya;[30] however, Rijal al-Najashi clarifies that this work concerned Yahya b. Abi l-Tawil, not Yahya b. Umm al-Tawil.[31]

Notes

  1. ↑ 'Abbāsī Zanjānī, al-Jāmi' fī l-rijāl, 1436 AH, vol. 11, p. 333.
  2. ↑ Kashshī, Ikhtiyār ma'rifat al-rijāl, 1409 AH, p. 9; Shūshtarī, Qāmūs al-rijāl, 1410 AH, vol. 11, p. 31.
  3. ↑ Ḥillī, Tartīb khulāṣat al-aqwāl, 1381 Sh, p. 446; Māmaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, Najaf, vol. 3, p. 312.
  4. ↑ Majlisī, Mirʾāt al-'uqūl, 1404 AH, vol. 11, p. 97.
  5. ↑ "Dawrān-i Irtidād; Irtadda al-nās ba'd qatl al-Ḥusayn (a)", Website of Ayatollah Shobairi Zanjani.
  6. ↑ Kashshī, Ikhtiyār ma'rifat al-rijāl, 1409 AH, p. 123.
  7. ↑ Kashshī, Ikhtiyār ma'rifat al-rijāl, 1409 AH, p. 115.
  8. ↑ Ibn Shahrāshūb, Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib, 1379 AH, vol. 4, p. 176.
  9. ↑ Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, 1403 AH, vol. 71, p. 220.
  10. ↑ Ashtarī et al., "Jāygāh-i shakhṣīyatī wa rijālī-yi Yaḥyā b. Umm al-Ṭawīl", p. 24.
  11. ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, 1407 AH, vol. 2, p. 379.
  12. ↑ Kashshī, Ikhtiyār ma'rifat al-rijāl, 1409 AH, p. 123.
  13. ↑ Al-Khoei, Mu'jam rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1372 Sh, vol. 21, p. 38.
  14. ↑ Ashtarī et al., "Jāygāh-i shakhṣīyatī wa rijālī-yi Yaḥyā b. Umm al-Ṭawīl", pp. 21-23.
  15. ↑ Al-Shaykh al-Mufīd, al-Amālī, 1413 AH, p. 152.
  16. ↑ Ashtarī et al., "Jāygāh-i shakhṣīyatī wa rijālī-yi Yaḥyā b. Umm al-Ṭawīl", pp. 26-27.
  17. ↑ Ashtarī et al., "Jāygāh-i shakhṣīyatī wa rijālī-yi Yaḥyā b. Umm al-Ṭawīl", p. 27.
  18. ↑ Ashtarī et al., "Jāygāh-i shakhṣīyatī wa rijālī-yi Yaḥyā b. Umm al-Ṭawīl", pp. 28-31.
  19. ↑ 'Abbāsī Zanjānī, al-Jāmi' fī l-rijāl, 1436 AH, vol. 11, p. 333.
  20. ↑ 'Abbāsī Zanjānī, al-Jāmi' fī l-rijāl, 1436 AH, vol. 11, p. 451.
  21. ↑ Sā'idī, al-Ḍu'afāʾ min rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1384 Sh, vol. 3, p. 80.
  22. ↑ Al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, al-Amālī, 1414 AH, p. 575.
  23. ↑ Kashshī, Ikhtiyār ma'rifat al-rijāl, 1409 AH, p. 123.
  24. ↑ Al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, al-Rijāl, 1373 Sh, p. 120.
  25. ↑ Shūshtarī, Qāmūs al-rijāl, 1410 AH, vol. 11, p. 31.
  26. ↑ 'Uthmān, Tārīkh al-'Alawiyyīn, 1418 AH, p. 25.
  27. ↑ Mas'ūdī, Ithbāt al-waṣiyya, 1384 Sh, p. 175; Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhāb, Uyūn al-mu'jizāt, p. 72.
  28. ↑ Ashtarī et al., "Jāygāh-i shakhṣīyatī wa rijālī-yi Yaḥyā b. Umm al-Ṭawīl", pp. 21-23.
  29. ↑ Karājakī, Kanz al-fawāʾid, 1410 AH, vol. 1, p. 89.
  30. ↑ 'Ādilzāda, "Bāzshināsī-yi shakhṣīyat-i rāz-āmīz-i Yaḥyā b. Umm al-Ṭawīl".
  31. ↑ Najāshī, al-Rijāl, 1365 Sh, p. 397.

References

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