Al-Sayyid Hashim al-Bahrani
 The tomb of al-Sayyid Hashim al-Bahrani in Bahrain | |
| Personal Information | |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Al-Sayyid Hāshim al-Tūbilī al-Baḥrānī |
| Well-Known As | Al-'Allama al-Bahrani |
| Lineage | Descendant of al-Sayyid al-Murtada 'Alam al-Huda |
| Birth | 1050/1640-1 |
| Residence | Bahrain |
| Studied in | Bahrain |
| Death | 1107/1695-6 or 1109/1697-8 |
| Burial Place | Bahrain |
| Scholarly Information | |
| Students | Al-Hurr al-'Amili, Mahmud b. 'Abd al-Salam al-Ma'na al-Bahrani, 'Ali b. 'Abd Allah b. Rashid al-Maqabi al-Bahrani, Sulayman b. 'Abd Allah al-Satrawi al-Mahuzi, ... |
| Works | Al-Burhan fi tafsir al-Qur'an, Tartib al-tahzib, Al-Insaf fi l-nass ala l-A'imma al-Ithna Ashar, Ghayat al-maram wa hujjat al-khisam... |
Al-Sayyid Hāshim al-Tūbilī al-Baḥrānī (Arabic: السید هاشم التوبلي البحراني) (b. ~1050/1640-1 d.1107/1695-6 or 1109/1697-8) known as al-'Allama al-Bahrani is from Bahrain and is one of Shi'a jurists, muhaddith and exegetes in eleventh/seventeenth century. He had the social and religious authority of Bahrain people.
The exegetic book of Al-Burhan fi tafsir al-Qur'an belongs to him. Al-Hurr al-'Amili, the writer of the Wasa'il al-Shi'a is one of his students. He passed away in 1107/1695-6 or 1109/1697-8 in Tubli and buried in Matini cemetery.
Family and Birth
His full name is Hashim b. Sulayman b. Isma'il al-Husayni al-Tubili. He is a descendant of al-Sayyid al-Murtada 'Alam al-Huda and through him, the family tree of al-'Allama al-Bahrani reaches to Imam al-Kazim (a). Al-'Allama al-Bahrani born in "Gatkan", a village of Tubli, the capital of Bahrain in the time. His year of birth was about 1050/1640-1.
Education and Teachers
There isn't any information about his education. Also there is no information about his teachers, among them just some of scholars who gave him permission to transmit hadith are known. It seems that he had most of his education in his native land, and had some travels to Najaf and Mashhad. In Mashhad he went to 'Abd al-'Azim b. 'Abbas Astarabadi the Akhbari scholar and one of students of Baha' al-Din al-'Amili and obtained a permission to transmit hadith from him, according to his book, this was before 1074/1663-4. In his travel to Najaf he obtained a permission to transmit hadith from Shaykh Fakhr al-Din al-Turayhi al-Rammahi. According to his book al-Burhan his chain of masters (mashyikh) reaches to al-Shaykh al-Kulayni, al-Shaykh al-Saduq and al-Shaykh al-Tusi.
Religious and Social Status
He had a special social status and after the demise of the great religious authority of the time, Muhammad b. Majid al-Mahuzi, he gained the religious authority of Bahrain in addition to writing and teaching. Al-Bahrani was a judge and in charge of hisbiyya affairs and was managing social matters and pursuing issues of oppressed people. His confrontation the kings of Bahrain and his fight with injustice and plunder and his resistance on enjoining the good and forbidding the evil made him very popular.
Scientific Status
According to his works, he belongs to Akhbari School. His emphasis on learning all of religious knowledge from Ahl al-Bayt (a) in the al-Burhan indicates his point of view.
Al-Bahrani had been teaching until his demise. His effort in collecting the old hadith books is rare among Shi'a scholars, Yusuf al-Bahrani considers only al-'Allama al-Majlisi higher than him in this point, although unlike al-Majlisi, al-Bahrani was only collecting and transmitting hadith without any explanation or comment. Because of his numerous books (75 books according to Afandi Isfahani) and his vast information in various fields of religious knowledge, he is famous as al-'Allama al-Bahrani.
Despite his numerous books and his social status as a marja', there’s not any fatwa book or definitive jurist opinion in his books. This point made some to think that his fiqh knowledge, as the most important Islamic science, was little; but on the contrary, some believe that he refused to write a manual of Islamic law because of his god-wariness and instead, he reported other's fatwas in his books and when answering an istifta'; as this manner is precedent in the history of Shi'a jurist.
Works
Al-'Allama al-Bahrani has many books, which number is said to be up to 75, but his published books are as follows:
- Al-Burhan fi tafsir al-Qur'an is one of the most important Shi'a hadith-based exegesis of the Quran, compiled in topics like stories, the Prophet's hadiths, and most importantly virtues of Ahl al-Bayt (a) and their accordance to Qur'an verses.
- Tartib al-tahzib
- Hilyat al-abrar fi ahwal Muhammad wa alih al-athar
- Ma'alim al-zulfa fi ma'arif al-nash'a al-'ula wa l-ukhra
- Bahja al-nazar
- Ghayat al-maram wa hujjat al-khisam including Shi'a and Sunni hadiths about virtues of Imam 'Ali (a) and Ahl al-Bayt (a). This book is translated to Farsi by Shaykh Muhammad Taqi Dizfuli with the name Kifaya al-khisam.
- Al-Insaf fi l-nass ala l-A'imma al-Ithna Ashar
- Madina al-ma'ajiz about miracles of Twelve Imams (a).
Students
Some of his students are:
Also his two sons 'Isa and Muhsin were scholars.
Demise
Al-'Allama al-Bahrani passed away in 1107/1695-6 or 1109/1697-8 and buried in Matini cemetery, Tubli, Bahrain. His tomb has been respected by scholars and ordinary people.
References
- The material for this article is mainly taken from سید هاشم بحرانی in Farsi Wikishia.