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Salawat on Fatima and Her Family

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Calligraphy of the Salawat of Lady Fatima (a) in Arabic

Allāhumma ṣalli ʿalā Fāṭimata wa abīhā wa baʿlihā wa banīhā (Arabic: اَللّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلی فاطِمَةَ وَ اَبیها وَ بَعْلِها وَ بَنیها) or the Special Salawat of Fatimata al-Zahra (a) or Salawat Fatimiyya (a), refers to supplications recited for tawassul to Lady Fatima (a) and the fulfillment of needs. This prayer points to the central position of Lady Fatima (a) among the the Five, and means: "O Allah, send blessings upon Fatima, and upon her father, her husband, and her sons."

This Salawat appears with a shorter phrase in early Shi'a sources; however, in later books, it is mentioned with a longer phrase including the sentence "Wa al-sirr al-mustawda' fīha" (And the secret entrusted in her). There are different views regarding the origin of this added phrase and its interpretation (the entrusted secret); some interpret it as Imam al-Mahdi (a) or the secrets of Imamate. Some Maraji', such as Mar'ashi Najafi have recommended reciting it in the Qunut of prayers. However, there is a difference of opinion among researchers regarding the authenticity of the added part.

Importance and Validity

The special Salawat of Fatima al-Zahra (a), also known as Salawat Fatimiyya (a),[1] refers to a collection of supplications read in religious gatherings for Tawassul to Lady Fatima (a) and the fulfillment of needs.[2] It is said that this prayer alludes to the pivotal role of Lady Fatima (a) among the People of the Cloak.[3]

The Salawat of Lady Fatima (a) has been narrated in various forms.[4] In early Shi'a sources, such as al-Amali[5] by al-Shaykh al-Saduq (d. 381/991), Dala'il al-Imama[6] by Muhammad b. Jarir al-Tabari (4th/10th and 5th/11th centuries), al-'Udad al-qawiyya[7] by Ali b. Yusuf al-Hilli (d. 703/1303), and later sources like al-Misbah[8] by Ibrahim b. Ali al-Kaf'ami (d. 905/1499) and Bihar al-anwar,[9] this Salawat appears only with the phrase: "Ṣallallāhu ʿalayhā wa ʿalā abīhā wa baʿlihā wa banīhā" (May Allah bless her, her father, her husband, and her sons).

In some contemporary works, such as the book Fatimat al-Zahra Bahjat Qalb al-Mustafa[10] and al-Sahifa al-Mahdiyya,[11] this prayer is mentioned along with another expression (Wa al-sirr al-mustawda' fīhā bi-'adadi mā aḥāṭa bihi 'ilmuk).


Sayyid Shihab al-Din Mar'ashi Najafi, a Shi'a Marja' of the 20th century, narrated through his teachers from Sayyid Ibn Tawus, who in turn narrated based on a document he possessed, that Lady Fatima (a) used to recite this Salawat with the longer phrasing in the Qunut of her prayers.[12] However, some researchers have not accepted this narration and consider it probable that this Salawat is among the supplications composed by Ibn Tawus himself.[13] Also, some sources have suggested that al-Shaykh Murtada al-Ansari learned this Salawat (along with the added part) during his meeting with Imam al-Mahdi (a),[14] but this claim has also been questioned by some hadith researchers.[15]

Books and articles have been written about the Salawat of Lady Fatima (a), including Risalat fi l-Sirr wa haqiqat l-Sirr al-mustawda' fi Fatimat al-Zahra by Muhammad Fadil Mas'udi.

Practice of Scholars in Reciting Salawat Fatimiyya

Mar'ashi Najafi, a Shi'a Marja', recommended reciting Salawat Fatimiyya (a) in the Qunut of prayers.[16] Ahmad Rahmani Hamadani, the author of the book Fatimat al-Zahra Bahjat Qalb al-Mustafa, narrates that his teacher Mulla Ali Ma'sumi Hamadani (d. 1978) used to recite this Salawat 530 times when engaging in Tawassul to Lady Fatima (a).[17]

Sayyid Musa Shubayri Zanjani, a Shi'a Marja', mentioned in the book Jur'a-'i az darya that Mulla Ali Ma'sumi used to recite this Salawat before performing Istikhara with the Qur'an, a method he had learned from his teacher Aqa Ahmad Qummi, a scholar from Tehran; however, due to his teacher's greatness, he refrained from asking for the source of this type of Istikhara.[18]

Interpretation of al-Sirr al-Mustawda' Fiha

Numerous possibilities have been raised regarding the interpretation of the sentence "Wa l-sirr al-mustawda' fiha" (And the secret entrusted in her). Some researchers have proposed and critiqued twenty probabilities concerning this sentence.[19] For instance, Muhammad Taqi Bahjat and Mirza Jawad Tabrizi, Shi'a Marja's, have interpreted this sentence as referring to Imam al-Mahdi (a)[20] and his uprising.[21] Hussein Ali Montazeri, a Shi'a Marja', believed that it might refer to the Ahl al-Bayt (a), since Lady Fatima (a) is the mother of the Imams of the Shia; just as the sentence may refer to the miscarried child of Lady Fatima (a) (Muhsin b. Ali).[22] Muhammad Hadi Ma'rifat, a hadith scholar, considered it probable that this phrase refers to the secrets of Prophethood and Imamate.[23]

Notes

  1. ↑ Zari'pur, "Ma'nashinasi wa ma'khadhyabi-yi sirr-i mustawda' dar salawat-i Fatimi", p. 279.
  2. ↑ Mujtahidi, al-Sahifa al-Mahdiyya, p. 276; Zari'pur, "Ma'nashinasi wa ma'khadhyabi-yi sirr-i mustawda' dar salawat-i Fatimi", p. 278.
  3. ↑ Ma'rifat, Partuw-i wilayat, p. 147.
  4. ↑ For example, see: Tabataba'i Yazdi, al-Urwat al-wuthqa wa al-Ta'liqat 'alayha, 1430 AH, vol. 7, p. 440; Rahmani Hamadani, Bahjat Qalb al-Mustafa, vol. 1, p. 252.
  5. ↑ Shaykh al-Saduq, Al-Amali, 1376 Sh, p. 276.
  6. ↑ Tabari, Dala'il al-Imama, p. 83.
  7. ↑ Hilli, Al-Adad al-Qawiyya, 1408 AH, p. 224.
  8. ↑ Kaf'ami, Al-Misbah, p. 506.
  9. ↑ Majlisi, Bihar al-anwar, vol. 8, p. 35.
  10. ↑ Rahmani Hamadani, Bahjat Qalb al-Mustafa, vol. 1, p. 252.
  11. ↑ Mujtahidi, al-Sahifa al-Mahdiyya, p. 276.
  12. ↑ Tabataba'i Yazdi, al-Urwat al-wuthqa wa al-Ta'liqat 'alayha, vol. 7, p. 440.
  13. ↑ Zari'pur, "Ma'nashinasi wa ma'khadhyabi-yi sirr-i mustawda' dar salawat-i Fatimi", p. 286.
  14. ↑ Mujtahidi, Al-Sahifa al-Mahdiyya, p. 276.
  15. ↑ Zari'pur, "Ma'nashinasi wa ma'khadhyabi-yi sirr-i mustawda' dar salawat-i Fatimi", p. 285.
  16. ↑ Tabataba'i Yazdi, al-Urwat al-wuthqa wa al-Ta'liqat 'alayha, vol. 7, p. 440; Also see: Sharifi Ashkiwari, Faqarat fiqhiyya, vol. 1, p. 582.
  17. ↑ Rahmani Hamadani, Bahjat Qalb al-Mustafa, vol. 1, p. 252.
  18. ↑ Shubayri Zanjani, Jur'a'i az Darya, vol. 2, p. 650.
  19. ↑ For example, see: Zari'pur, "Ma'nashinasi wa ma'khadhyabi-yi sirr-i mustawda' dar salawat-i Fatimi", pp. 289-290.
  20. ↑ Tabrizi, Sirat al-Najat, vol. 10, p. 384; Also see: Muntaziri, Pasukh bi pursish-hayi dini, p. 213.
  21. ↑ "Photo-post: Monday 6 Azar 1402", Center for Regulating and Publishing the Works of Ayatollah Bahjat.
  22. ↑ Montazeri, Pasukh bi pursish-hayi dini, p. 213.
  23. ↑ Ma'rifat, Partuw-i wilayat, p. 147.

References

  • "Photo-post: Monday 6 Azar 1402" [1], Center for Regulating and Publishing the Works of Ayatollah Bahjat, Posted: 6 Azar 1402 Sh, Accessed: 20 Azar 1404 Sh.
  • Hilli, Ali b. Yusuf. Al-Adad al-Qawiyya li-daf' al-makhawif al-yawmiyya. researched by Mahdi Raja'ei and Mahmud Mar'ashi. Qom: Library of Ayatollah Mar'ashi Najafi, 1st ed, 1408 AH.
  • Kaf'ami, Ibrahim b. Ali al-Amili. Al-Misbah (Jannat al-aman al-waqiya). Qom: Dar al-Radi (Zahedi), 2nd ed, 1405 AH.
  • Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir al-. Bihar al-anwar al-jami'a li-durar akhbar al-a'imma al-athar. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, 2nd ed, 1403 AH.
  • Ma'rifat, Mohammad Hadi. Partuw-i wilayat. Qom: Tamhid, 1384 Sh.
  • Mujtahidi, Murteza, Al-Sahifa al-Mahdiyya, Qom: Almas, 1432 AH.
  • Montazeri, Hussein Ali. Pasukh bi pursish-hayi dini (Answers to Religious Questions). Qom: Office of Ayatollah Grand Montazeri, 1389 Sh.
  • Rahmani Hamadani, Ahmad. Fatimat al-Zahra (a) Bahjat Qalb al-Mustafa (s). Beirut: Mu'assisa al-Nu'man, 1413 AH.
  • Sharifi Ashkevari, Ilyas. Faqarat Fiqhiyya: Risaleh Amaliyeh. Qom: Al Ayyub, 1381 Sh.
  • Shaykh al-Saduq, Muhammad b. Ali. Al-Amali. Tehran: Kitabchi, 6th ed, 1376 Sh.
  • Shubayri Zanjani, Sayyid Musa. Jur'a'ei az darya. Qom: Institute of Shia Bibliography, 1389 Sh.
  • Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir b. Rustam. Dala'il al-Imama. Researched by the Department of Islamic Studies of Mu'assisa al-Bi'tha. Qom: Bi'that, 1st ed, 1413 AH.
  • Tabataba'i Yazdi, Sayyid Mohammad Kazem. Al-Urwa al-Wuthqa wa al-Ta'liqat 'alayha. World Sibtain (a) Institute, 1430 AH.
  • Tabrizi, Jawad. Sirat al-Najat. Qom: Dar al-Siddiqa al-Shahida, 1st ed, 1427 AH.
  • Zari'pur, Muhsin. "Ma'nashinasi wa ma'khadhyabi-yi sirr-i mustawda' dar salawat-i Fatimi". Semantics and Sourcing of the Entrusted Secret in the Fatimi Salawat), Journal of Hadith Understanding Studies, No. 22, Ordibehesht 1404 Sh.
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