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Dhawi l-Qurba: Difference between revisions
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==Literal Meaning== | ==Literal Meaning== | ||
The word, "qurb" ({{ia|قُرب}}), is an infinitive meaning closeness; an antonym of "bu'd" ({{ia|بُعد}}) which means remoteness. "Qirāba" ({{ia|قِرابة}}) and "qurbā" ({{ia|قُربی}}) mean kinship by blood.<ref>Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿarab'', under the word "قرب"; Rāghib, ''al-Mufradāt fī gharīb al-Qurʾān'', p. 663. </ref> According to | The word, "qurb" ({{ia|قُرب}}), is an infinitive meaning closeness; an antonym of "bu'd" ({{ia|بُعد}}) which means remoteness. "Qirāba" ({{ia|قِرابة}}) and "qurbā" ({{ia|قُربی}}) mean kinship by blood.<ref>Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿarab'', under the word "قرب"; Rāghib, ''al-Mufradāt fī gharīb al-Qurʾān'', p. 663. </ref> According to al-Zamakhshari, "qurba" is an infinitive like "zulfa" and "bushra", which means closeness.<ref>Zamakhsharī, ''Tafsīr al-kashshāf'', vol. 4, p. 220, 221.</ref> According to many Arabic dictionaries, "qurba" means kinship or relation by blood.<ref>Ibn Fāris, ''Muʿjam maqāyīs al-lugha'', vol. 5, p. 80.</ref> | ||
==Dhu l-Qurba in the Qur'an== | ==Dhu l-Qurba in the Qur'an== | ||
The word, "al-qurbā", is used in 11 verses of the [[Qur'an]] to refer to close relatives and kin. It is sometimes used with "dhī" ({{ia|ذی}}) or "dhawi" ({{ia|ذوي}}) before it, and sometimes with "uli" ({{ia|أولی}}) before it, and just in one case it is used without any associated words: "… al-mawadda fi l-qurba" (love for the relatives). Thus, a word such as "ahl" (أهل), "dhi", "dhawi", and the like should be elliptical before "al-qurba" in this verse. It seems that in most of these verses, the word refers to the relatives of every Muslim, but according to [[exegeses]] of the Qur'an and [[hadiths]] from the Prophet (s) and [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]], there are 4 verses in which "dhawi l-qurba" refers to the household of the Prophet (s): | The word, "al-qurbā", is used in 11 verses of the [[Qur'an]] to refer to close relatives and kin. It is sometimes used with "dhī" ({{ia|ذی}}) or "dhawi" ({{ia|ذوي}}) before it, and sometimes with "uli" ({{ia|أولی}}) before it, and just in one case it is used without any associated words: "… al-mawadda fi l-qurba" (love for the relatives). Thus, a word such as "ahl" ({{ia|أهل}}), "dhi", "dhawi", and the like should be elliptical before "al-qurba" in this verse. It seems that in most of these verses, the word refers to the relatives of every Muslim, but according to [[exegeses]] of the Qur'an and [[hadiths]] from the Prophet (s) and [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]], there are 4 verses in which "dhawi l-qurba" refers to the household of the Prophet (s): | ||
* The [[Verse of Mawadda]]: "Say: I do not ask of you any reward for it but love for my near relatives (al-qurba); and whoever earns good, We give him more of good therein; surely Allah is Forgiving, Grateful."<ref>Qurʾān, 42:23 .</ref> | * '''The [[Verse of Mawadda]]''': "Say: I do not ask of you any reward for it but love for my near relatives (al-qurba); and whoever earns good, We give him more of good therein; surely Allah is Forgiving, Grateful."<ref>Qurʾān, 42:23 .</ref> | ||
* The [[Verse of Khums]]: "And know that whatever thing you gain, a fifth of it is for Allah and for the Messenger and for the near of kin (dhi l-qurba) and the orphans and the needy and the wayfarer."<ref>Qurʾān, 8:41 .</ref> | * '''The [[Verse of Khums]]''': "And know that whatever thing you gain, a fifth of it is for Allah and for the Messenger and for the near of kin (dhi l-qurba) and the orphans and the needy and the wayfarer."<ref>Qurʾān, 8:41 .</ref> | ||
* The [[Verse of Fay']]: "What Allah has bestowed on His Messenger from the people of the townships, belongs to Allah, to His Messenger and to kindred (dhi l-qurba) and orphans, the needy and the wayfarer; In order that it may not (merely) make a circuit between the wealthy among you. So take what the Messenger assigns to you, and deny yourselves that which he withholds from you."<ref>Qurʾān, 59:7 .</ref> | * '''The [[Verse of Fay']]''': "What Allah has bestowed on His Messenger from the people of the townships, belongs to Allah, to His Messenger and to kindred (dhi l-qurba) and orphans, the needy and the wayfarer; In order that it may not (merely) make a circuit between the wealthy among you. So take what the Messenger assigns to you, and deny yourselves that which he withholds from you."<ref>Qurʾān, 59:7 .</ref> | ||
* "Then give to the near of kin (dha al-qurba) his due."<ref>Qurʾān, 30:38 .</ref> | * "Then give to the near of kin (dha al-qurba), his due."<ref>Qurʾān, 30:38 .</ref> | ||
==Instances of Dhi l-Qurba== | ==Instances of Dhi l-Qurba== | ||