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Revision as of 19:17, 11 April 2016
Template:Infobox book with English translation
Mafātīḥ al-jinān (Arabic: مفاتیح الجنان, keys to the heavens) by Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi is the most popular book of supplication in the Shi'a world. It contains du'as, supplications, Ziyarah texts, practices specific to certain days, months, and occasions, religious practices and manners, as well as some anecdotes narrated from the Prophet (s), Imams (a), and Islamic scholars.
Before Mafatih al-jinan, other du'a books were used by the Shi'ites. The compiler of Mafatih al-jinan has included content from other books including Iqbal al-a'mal by al-Sayyid b. Tawus, Misbah by al-Kaf'ami, and Zad al-ma'ad by al-'Allama al-Majlisi.
Mafatih al-jinan was very well received soon after it was published. Nowadays, it can be found in almost all houses, mosques, and Islamic centers.
The compiler has included his al-Baqiyat al-salihat to Mafatih al-jinan which has been published in the margin of various editions.
Also, two books of Mafatih-i nuwin and Mafatih al-Hayat have been published. The former aims to improve the authenticity of Mafatih al-jinan and the latter to complete it.
compiler
'Abbas b. Muhammad Rida al-Qumi , also known as "Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi" and "Muhaddith Qumi" is one of the most famous Iranian Shi'a scholars. He was born in the holy city of Qom in 1294/1877 to a religious family. He began his education in Qom as a student of Islamic scholars, including Mirza Muhammad Arbab Qumi (d. 1341/1922)[1] and Shaykh Abu l-Qasim Qumi.
Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi who is well-known by his work Mafatih al-jinan, has written more than 40 books on various subjects such as history and hadith. Some of his books include Safinat al-Bihar, Nafas al-mahmum, Bayt al-ahzan, and Muntaha l-amal.
Features
The author has composed Mafatih al-jinan in order to enhance reliability of another book called Miftah al-jinan which was being vastly used at that time and included unauthentic du'as. Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi wrote at the end of the first print of his book: "My brothers in religion have asked me to collect authentic du'as of Miftah al-jinan and other authentic du'as and compile a book"[2].
Nevertheless, he has not mentioned the chain of narrators and only indicated the source from which the du'as have been quoted.
Also, some du'as included in this book, such as 'Adila, have not been quoted from the Infallibles, but rather from Islamic scholars.
Structure and Content
Prayer |
Supplications Kumayl • Al-Tawassul • Al-Iftitah • Abu Hamza • 'Arafa • Al-Nudba • al-Simat • al-Faraj • Khamsa 'ashar • Al-Sha'baniyya |
Ziyaras Ziyara Ashura' • Ziyara Warith • Amin Allah • al-Jami'a al-Kabira • Al Yasin |
Dhikrs Takbir • Tahmid • Tahlil • Tasbih • Tasbih of Lady Fatima (a) • Salawat • al-Yunusiyya • Istighfar |
Supplication Books al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya • Mafatih al-jinan • Misbah al-mutihajjid • Iqbal al-a'mal • Miftah al-falah |
Days and Months Laylat al-Qadr • 15th Sha'ban • 'Arafa • Ramadan • Rajab • Dhu l-Hijja |
Several longer Surahs, as well as all of the shorter Surahs of the Qur'an, are usually printed in the beginning of Mafatih al-jinan. The content of Mafatih al-jinan is classified in several chapters:
First chapter: Du'as
This chapter includes: Ta'qibat (acts of worship after prayers), practices of days, nights, and days of the week, famous prayers such as the Prayer of the Prophet (s), the Prayer of Amir al-Mu'minin (a), the Prayer of Lady Fatima (a), and the Prayer of Ja'far al-Tayyar, Ziyarah texts of Imams (a) on the days of the week, supplications including Munajat Khams 'Ashar of Imam al-Sajjad (a), Munajat of Imam 'Ali (a) in Mosque of Kufa, Du'a al-Samat, Du'a al-Kumayl, al-Jawshan al-Saghir, al-Jawshan al-Kabir, Du'a Makarim al-Akhlaq.
Second chapter: Practices of the Year
This chapter includes recommended acts of the lunar year. It begins from Rajab and ends with the recommended acts of Jumada l-Thania. It includes the recommended acts during Nowruz and the Roman months.
Sha'baniyya Supplication (one of the recommended acts in the month of Sha'ban), Supplication of Abu Hamza Thumali, Du'a Iftitah, the famous Du'a al-Sahar, the practices of the Qadr nights (of the recommended acts of the month of Ramadan), and Du'a of Imam al-Husayn (a) on the day of 'Arafa (of the practices of the month of Dhu l-Hijja) are among the most well-known contents of this chapter.
Third chapter: Ziyarahs
Some information regarding the manners of travel, rituals of ziyarah, and also [the text of] asking permission for entering holy shrines have been mentioned at the beginning of this chapter.
The first ziyarah, which has been mentioned in this chapter, is the Ziyarah of the Prophet (s) which is followed by the Ziyarah of Lady Fatima (a) and the Ziyarah of the Imams (a) of Baqi' (those Imams who are buried in the Baqi' cemetery).
In addition to the ziyarahs of the twelve Imams (a), this chapter contains ziyarahs of the offspring of Imams (a), some Shi'a scholars and noble people such as Hamza, Muslim b. 'Aqil, Fatima bt. Asad, martyrs of the Battle of Uhud, Salman al-Farsi, etc. The recommended practices for some famous mosques, such as Masjid al-Kufa and Masjid al-Sa'sa'a, have also been explained in this chapter.
The longest section of this chapter is the Ziyarahs of Imam al-Husayn (a). This section contains the most famous Ziyarahs of Imam al-Husayn (a) such as Ziyarah 'Ashura, Ziyarah al-Arba'in, and Ziyarah al-Warith.
Du'a al-Nudba, Du'a al-'Ahd, and Ziyarah al-Jami'at al-Kabira have been classified under Ziyarahs of Imam al-Mahdi (aj).
After the Ziyarahs of Imam al-Mahdi (aj), the Ziyarahs of Prophets, the Ziyarah of Lady Ma'suma, and the Ziyarah of 'Abd al-'Azim al-Hasani have been mentioned. The last content of this chapter, which was the last content of the first edition of Mafatih al-jinan, is the Ziyarah of the Graves of the Faithful and the related du'as.
Addenda
In the second edition of Mafatih al-jinan, Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi attached a section named Mulhaqat to the book. In this part, eight new pieces of content have been attached to the book, that the author believed was a necessity for the readers: the Du'a for the farewell of the month of Ramadan, the Sermon of Eid al-Fitr, Ziyarah Jami'at A'immat al-Mu'minin, Du'a after Ziyarahs, the Ziyarah for the farewell after visiting the holy shrines of Imams (a), a sealed message for making requests, Du'a at the time of Occultation of Imam al-Mahdi (aj), and the manners of vicarious ziyarah.
In order to prevent other things from being added to Mafatih al-jinan, he had asked God, the Prophet (s), and the Imams (a) to curse anybody that added anything to the book. Although Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi did not allow any content to be added to Mafatih al-jinan, publishers attached a second addenda to Mafatih al-jinan which contains the famous Hadith al-Kisa.
Al-Baqiyat al-Salihat
Al-Baqiyat al-salihat is a book Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi has written and published in the margin of Mafatih al-jinan. The book comprises of six chapters and an addendum. The chapters are as follows:
- The first chapter provides a selection of the practices of days and nights, including some manners of daily life, du'as recommended for certain hours of the day, and instructions for the night prayer.
- The second chapter covers recommended prayers such as, prayers presented to the Infallibles (a), the prayer said at the night of burial, prayers for requests, prayers for seeking help, and prayers for the days of the week. The Instruction and various kinds of Istikhara (asking for the good of God) are also mentioned in this chapter.
- The third chapter provides solutions for pains, difficulties, limbs aches, fever, etc. through various du'as are mentioned specifically for the removal of pain and different illnesses.
- The fourth chapter is a selection of du'as from the book of al-Kafi. The du'as of this chapter are mostly for solving the scarcity of one's Rizq and problems of the world.
- The fifth chapter mentions some Hirz's (protective and effective supplications) and short du'as for increasing income are mentioned, which are selected from Muhaj al-da'awat and al-Mujtana.
- The sixth chapter mentions the benefits of certain surahs, verses and various du'as. The fruits of some Qur'anic surahs and verses which are beneficial for daily problems are mentioned in this chapter such as, du'a for meeting a person in a dream, du'a for studying, manners of 'Aqiqa, and performing Istikhara with the Qur'an.
It concludes with a brief explanation regarding the rules of burial rites and funeral procedures.
Publication
Prints
Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi wrote Mafatih al-jinan in 1344/1925 and it was published in Mashhad for the first time.
Presently, Mafatih al-jinan is being published by a multitude of publishers in various forms, and it seems almost impossible to state the number of all the published editions.
Since the Mafatih al-jinan in full form is a large book, and it is not easy to be carried, many publishers have frequently published selections of it.
This book has been copied by some great calligraphers such as Tahir Khushniwis, Misbahzada, Mirza Ahmad Zanjani Katib, etc. in Naskh and Nasta'liq (two calligraphic styles). Tahir Khushniwis has written this book in neat calligraphy five times.
Online
There are several ways to access Mafatih al-jinan published online on various websites.
Mobile Devices
Since Mafatih al-jinan is sometimes needed in a variety of situations for example, whilst traveling, developers have designed various apps for devices including cellphones and tablets.
Translations
Template:Infobox book with English translation Mafatih al-jinan has been translated into many languages including Farsi, English, French, Turkish, Urdu, and Spanish.
English
Mafatih al-jinan has been translated to English at least four times[3], but only the translation by Badr Shahin is a complete translation and has been published by Ansariyan Publications.
French
Mafatih al-jinan also has a French translation titled "Les Clés du Paradis" (Keys to the Heaven).
Mafatih-i nuwin (Modern Mafatih)
Template:Infobox book with English translation
Mafatih-i nuwin, which is actually the modified version of Mafatih al-jinan, has been collected and published by Nasir Makarim Shirazi, one of the Shi'a marja's. Sayyid Hashim Rasuli Mahallati translated this book.
Ayatollah Makarim's goal, as he mentioned in the preface of the book, has been to make the book well-suited to the current time and remove some content over which there has been disagreements.
A free online version of Mafatih-i nuwin has been published on the official website of the author, Ayatollah Makarim Shirazi: Online Mafatih-i nuwin (farsi)
Features
- Adding an introduction about du'a, its status, and the reasons of its acceptance or refusal
- Adding introductions to each section of du'as and ziyarahs
- Mentioning the references of du'as and ziyarahs in the footnotes
- Removing some similar practices and selecting the best ones
- The new order of contents
- Removing some less authentic contents
- Studying the content of du'as and ziyarahs and not just sufficing to the sources for selecting them
Structure
- Preface
- First chapter: surahs of the Qur'an
- Second chapter: famous du'as and supplications such as Munajat Khams 'Ashar (Fifteen Whispered Prayers quoted from Imam al-Sajjad (a)), Poetic supplication of Amir al-Mu'minin (a), Qur'anic du'as, Du'a al-Kumayl, al-Jawshan al-Kabir, al-Jawshan al-Saghir, Du'a al-Tawassul, Du'a Makarim al-Akhlaq
- Third chapter: ziyarahs which have been provided in twelve sections
- Fourth chapter: the practices of Islamic months from Muharram to Dhu l-Hijja. This chapter also includes the practices of the solar months such as Nowruz and Roman months such as Niysan.
- Fifth chapter: the practices of nights, days, and days of the week in ten sections. One section provides ziyarahs of Imams (a) on the days of the week.
- Sixth chapter: the manners, requirements, and recommended follow-up practises (Ta'qibat)
- Seventh chapter: recommended prayers. This chapter comprises of two sections. One section contains prayers specific to the fourteen Infallibles (a) and the other one covers other famous prayers such as the Ja'far al-Tayyar prayer, the prayer at the night of burial, and the prayer on the first day of the lunar months.
- Eighth chapter: du'as for solving material and spiritual difficulties and the instructions of 'Aqiqa
- Ninth chapter: Istikhara and manners of performing it
- Rulings and practices about the deceased people
Mafatih al-hayat
Author | Ayatollah Jawadi Amuli |
---|---|
Original title | مفاتیح الحیاة |
Language | Farsi & Arabic |
Since Mafatih al-jinan covers mostly individual acts of worship, Ayatollah Jawadi Amuli has composed and published the book of Mafatih al-Hayat [literally meaning "keys to life"] based on hadiths regarding social and family relationships as well as daily life. This book is sometimes introduced as the second volume of Mafatih al-jinan.
Some Years before the publication of Mafatih al-hayat, Ayatollah Jawadi Amuli, the author, during a Friday Prayer sermon in Qom said: "We need a second volume for Mafatih al-jinan, which has not been written yet. God bless Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi and other scholars, but prayers; Dhikrs and ziyarahs are not the only part of the religion."
This book comprises of six chapters:
- Interaction of the human with himself
- Interaction of the human with his fellowman
- Interaction of people with the Islamic government
- Interaction of the human with animals
- Interaction of the human with the environment
- Ending chapter
Mafatih al-hayat was very well received after its publication. By the sixth day after its publication in the International Book Exhibition of Tehran, no more printed copies of the book were available, and the publisher began to pre-sale the next copies of the book.[4]
Notes
References
- Radawi, Sayyid Mas'ud, Mafatih al-jinan bi masabih-i yik farhang, Kitab'i mah'i din, No 155, 1389 SH.
- Gulshan-i Abrar, vol. 2, p. 571, Qum, Iran, Ma'ruf Publications, 1379 SH.
- Sulaymani, Mardiyya, Yik dhikr bi sad zaban shinuftan, Kitab-i mah-i din, No 155, 1389 SH.
- Haddadi, Muhsin, Jay-i u dar khani-i hami-i ma khali ast, Khabaronline, Tir 4, 1391 SH.
- Ketabnews.com
See Also
External Links
- The material for this article is mainly taken fromمفاتیح الجنان in Farsi Wikishia.
- Hadj library, Free full-text of Mafatih al-jinan (Farsi & Arabic)
- Official website for Husayn Ansariyan, free full-text of Mafatih al-jinan (Farsi & Arabic)
- Mafatih al-jinan for Android, Google Play
- Tebyan, Mafatih al-jinan for Java (Farsi and Arabic)