Khamsa Ashar Supplication

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Khamsa Ashar Supplication
SubjectEthical and mystical discussions
Hadith-Based/Non-Hadith-BasedHadith-Based
Issued byImam al-Sajjad (a)
Shi'a sourcesAl-Sahifa al-thaniya al-Sajjadiyya • Bihar al-anwar


Prayer
Supplications

Kumayl • Al-Tawassul • Al-Iftitah • Abu Hamza • 'Arafa • Al-Nudba • al-Simat • al-Faraj • Khamsa 'ashar • Al-Sha'baniyya

Ziyaras
Ziyara Ashura' • Ziyara Warith • Amin Allah • al-Jami'a al-Kabira • Al Yasin
Dhikrs
Takbir • Tahmid • Tahlil • Tasbih • Tasbih of Lady Fatima (a) • Salawat • al-Yunusiyya • Istighfar
Supplication Books
al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya • Mafatih al-jinan • Misbah al-mutihajjid • Iqbal al-a'mal • Miftah al-falah
Days and Months
Laylat al-Qadr • 15th Sha'ban • 'Arafa • Ramadan • Rajab • Dhu l-Hijja

Khamsa ʿAshar supplication (Arabic:المناجاة الخمسة عشر) is a compilation of fifteen supplications transmitted from Imam al-Sajjad (a). These supplications are mentioned in al-Sahifa al-thaniya al-Sajjadiyya, Bihar al-anwar and Mafatih al-jinan. The general theme of these supplications is ethical and mystical discussions. Several books have been written as commentaries on these supplications.

Chain of Transmission

Khamsa 'Ashar Supplications have been mentioned in al-Sahifa al-thaniya al-Sajjadiyya, Bihar al-anwar[1] and Mafatih al-jinan. 'Allama Majlisi said, "I saw these supplications in some books of companions who narrated from Imam al-Sajjad (a)"[2]; however, he did not mention the names of any of those books and did not mention the chain of their transmission either. Also in al-Sahifa al-thaniya al-Sajjadiyya, al-Shaykh al-Hurr al-'Amili considered these fifteen supplications among Imam al-Sajjad's (a) supplications and attributed them to him with no doubt. Since the complete chain of transmission is not mentioned, Khams 'Ashar Supplications are considered Mursal, but their containing messages and concepts are in agreement with principles and teachings of the Qur'an and other ma'thura supplications, and 'Allama al-Majlisi and al-Shaykh al-Hurr al-'Amili have mentioned them without having any doubt about their chain of transmission or messages; therefore, they are reliable and authentic.

In the Views of Great Scholars

Muhammad Taqi al-Majlisi, father of 'Allama al-Majlisi, said, "It is recommended that a wayfarer towards God makes a habit of reciting Khams 'Ashar Supplications."[3]

Some pupils of Sayyid Ali Tabataba'i, the author of Riyad, quoted from him that he used to say, "it is some years now that I have been reciting this supplication and due to recitation of these supplications, God has shined upon my heart, as many beams of wisdom, knowledge and love as they cannot be counted and I have experienced the fulfillment of supplications; and spiritual wayfarers and worshippers make a habit of reciting these supplications."[4]

Several commentaries have been written on these supplications.

The Time of Reciting each of Supplications

In Bihar al-anwar, 'Allama al-Majlisi has mentioned the recommended time to recite Khams 'Ashar Supplications,[5] but Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi has not mentioned the times for reciting them in Mafatih al-jinan.

Row Supplication Timing Row Supplication Timing Row Supplication Timing
1 The Whispered Prayer of the Repenters On Friday day 6 The Whispered Prayer of the Thankful On Wednesday day 11 The Whispered Prayer of the Utterly Poor On Monday day
2 The Whispered Prayer of the Complainers On Saturday day 7 The Whispered Prayer of the Obedient toward God On Thursday day 12 The Whispered Prayer of the Knowers On Tuesday day
3 The Whispered Prayer of the Fearful On Sunday day 8 The Whispered Prayer of the Devotees On Friday day 13 The Whispered Prayer of the Rememberers On Wednesday day
4 The Whispered Prayer of the Hopeful On Monday day 9 The Whispered Prayer of the Lovers On Saturday day 14 The Whispered Prayer of Those who Hold Fast On Thursday day
5 The Whispered Prayer of the Beseechers On Tuesday day 10 The Whispered Prayer of those Asking for Mediation On Sunday day 15 The Whispered Prayer of the Abstainers On Thursday night

The Order of Reciting Supplications

To Ayatullah Jawadi Amuli, the compilation order of Khams 'Ashar Supplications is notable and scholars of ethics should arrange the order of these supplications. He believes that:

"…the compilation order of some supplications is noteworthy; as for example, in the current order of Imam al-Sajjad's (a) Khams 'Ashar Supplications, the first supplication is 'the supplication of repenters' and the last one is 'the supplication of ascetics'; while, if these fifteen supplications are assumed as fifteen stages or stations, 'the supplication of ascetics' would rather be among the first supplications, not among the last ones; i.e. a person would first repent and practice ascesis to leave vices behind and then would acquire virtues, the greatest of which is 'the love for meeting God’ and beyond it is 'love of God’. The same way a scholar in fiqh or usul organizes issues in fiqh or usul, a scholar of ethics should find out about the stages of spiritual journey through supplications using expert studies. Thus, the way scholars of ethics should organize, verses, hadiths and the conduct of the Infallible Ones (a), they should also organize supplications and Dhikrs as well, because determining the stages and levels of supplications requires scholarly discussions."[6]

Notes

  1. ↑ Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 91, p. 142-153.
  2. ↑ Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 91, p. 142.
  3. ↑ Majlisī, Rawḍat al-muttaqīn fī sharḥ man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, vol. 13, p. 128.
  4. ↑ Tihrānī, al-Dharīʿa ilā taṣānīf al-shīʿa, vol. 22, p. 239.
  5. ↑ Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 91, p. 142-153.
  6. ↑ Jawādī Āmulī, Maraḥil-i akhlā dar Qurʾān, p. 150.

References

  • Āgā Buzurg al-Tihrānī, Muḥammad Muḥsin. Al-Dharīʿa ilā taṣānīf al-shīʿa. volume 22. Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwāʾ, [n.d].
  • Bāqiriyān Muwaḥḥid, Sayyid Riḍā, Jaʿfarīyān, Rasūl, Mihrīzī, Mahdī. Kitābshināsi niyāyish-hāyi Shi'a. Tehran: Muʾassisa-yi Farhangī Dīnpazhūhī, 1392 Sh.
  • Jawādī Āmulī, ʿAbd Allāh. Maraḥil-i akhlā dar Qurʾān. 7th edition. Qom: Intishārāt-i Isrāʾ, 1386 Sh.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Biḥār al-anwār. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Taqī. Rawḍat al-muttaqīn fī sharḥ man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh. Edited by Ḥusayn Kirmānī and ʿAlīpanāh Ishtihārdī. 2nd edition. Qom: Muʾassisa-yi Farhangī Islamī Kūshanpūr, 1406 AH.
  • Qummī, Abbās. Mafātīḥ al-jinān. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1387 Sh.
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