Practices of Umm Dawud
This article is an introduction to the Practices of Umm Dawud; to read its text see Text:Practices of Umm Dawud.| Time | Rajab, 15th. |
|---|---|
| Place | One should perform it toward Qibla in an isolated place where nothing makes him busy with and no one speaks to him. |
| Origin | It is a supplication from Imam al-Sadiq (a) for releasing Dawud, Umm Dawud's son, from the prison of al-Mansur al-Dawaniqi |
| Important Rites | Reciting Qur'an and Prayer |
Umm Dāwūd practices (Arabic: اعمال امّ داوود) is an act of worship and a famous supplication, very much recommended in Ayyam al-Bid days of the month of Rajab. Al-Istiftāḥ supplication known as Umm Dawud supplication is transmitted by foster mother of Imam al-Sadiq (a) from him. In Mafatih al-jinan, Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi mentioned it among recommended practices of Rajab 15th, after the fasting of Ayyam al-Bid. Today, some people go to i'tikaf since Rajab 13th and perform Umm Dawud on the last day of their i'tikaf (Rajab 15th).
Umm Dawud
Umm Dawud was al-Hasan al-Muthanna's wife[1] and foster mother of Imam al-Sadiq (a).[2] Her teknonym is mentioned Umm Dawud because of his son, Dawud b. al-Hasan.[3] There are different opinions about her name. Some sources mentioned her name Habiba and some other sources mentioned it Fatima. All those who spoke about her, included in her biography, the story of practices of Umm Dawud, which is narrated from Imam al-Sadiq (a) for releasing Dawud from the prison of al-Mansur al-Dawaniqi.
Story
The story of Umm Dawud supplication is mentioned in details in al-Shaykh al-Saduq's Fada'il al-ashhur al-thalatha (merits of the three months) and al-Sayyid b. Tawus's Iqbal al-a'mal. It is mentioned below in brief:
Dawud, son of Umm Dawud was taken captive by al-Mansur al-Dawaniqi, the Abbasid caliph and was taken to Iraq and there was no information about him for a long time. For the freedom of her son, Umm Dawud frequently made supplications before God and also asked people of worship for help, but, it did not happen. One day, she went to Imam al-Sadiq (a) and Imam (a) asked about her son. Umm Dawud told the story. Imam al-Sadiq (a) told her to fast the three days of Rajab 13, 14 and 15 and to perform the practices at the noon of the third day. They later became famous after her name.[4]
Based on these two reports, after performing Umm Dawud practices, she met the Prophet (s) in a dream and he (s) gave her the good news about the freedom of her son and after a while, her son returned home and said that he was released at Rajab 15th.[5]
Merits
At the end of the practices of Rajab 15th, Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi mentioned this supplication and said, "It takes much of the practices of this day (Rajab 15th) and is effective for the fulfillment of requests, being relieved of problems and repelling oppressors.[6]
In I'tikaf Rituals
Today, some people go to i'tikaf since Rajab 13th and perform Umm Dawud practices on the last day (Rajab 15th).
Notes
- ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 3, p. 476.
- ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 6, p. 368.
- ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 3, p. 476.
- ↑ Ṣadūq, Faḍāʾil al-ashhur al-thalātha, p. 33,34; Sayyid b. Ṭāwūs, Al-Iqbāl bi-l-aʿmāl al-ḥasana, vol. 3, p. 241, 242.
- ↑ Ṣadūq, Faḍāʾil al-ashhur al-thalātha, p. 33,34; Sayyid b. Ṭāwūs, Al-Iqbāl bi-l-aʿmāl al-ḥasana, vol. 3, p. 250, 251.
- ↑ Qummī, Mafātīḥ al-jinān, p. 144.
References
- Akbarī, Zahrā; Sayyid ʿAlī Akbar Rabīʿ Natāj, Kāwushī dar duʿā-i Umm Dawud, Safīneh Magazine, Tehran: Muʾassisa-i Farhangī Nabaʾ-e Mubīn, num. 36, Autumn. 1391 Sh.
- Amīn, al-Sayyid Muḥsin al-. Aʿyān al-Shīʿa. Edited by Ḥasan Amīn. Beirut: Dār al-Taʿāruf li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1406AH.
- Kafʿamī, Ibrāhīm b. ʿAlī al-. Al-Balad al-amīn wa l-dirʿ al-ḥaṣīn. First edition, Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1418 AH.
- Kafʿamī, Ibrāhīm b. ʿAlī al-. Miṣbāḥ al-Kafʿamī. Secound edition, Qom:: Dār al-Raḍī, 1405 AH.
- Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Biḥār al-anwār. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
- Qummī, Abbās. Mafātīḥ al-jinān. Qom: 'Uswa, [n.d].
- Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. Faḍāʾil al-ashhur al-thalātha. Edited by Ghulām Riḍā Irfānīyān Yazdī. 1st edition. Qom: Kitābfurūshī-yi Dāwarī, 1396 AH.
- Sayyid b. Ṭāwūs, ʿAlī b. Mūsā. Al-Iqbāl bi-l-aʿmāl al-ḥasana. Edited by Jawād Qayyūmī. Qom: Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī, 1376 Sh.
- Ṭūsī, Muḥamamd b. al-Ḥasan al-. Miṣbāḥ al-mutahajjid wa silāḥ al-mutaʿabbid. Beirut: Muʾassisat Fiqh al-Shīʿa, 1411 AH.