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Tawaf: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Tawaf in Masjid Al-Haram around Kaba.jpg|260px|thumbnail|Performing Tawaf in [[Masjid al-Haram]] around [[Ka'ba]]]] | [[File:Tawaf in Masjid Al-Haram around Kaba.jpg|260px|thumbnail|Performing Tawaf in [[Masjid al-Haram]] around [[Ka'ba]]]] | ||
'''Ṭawāf''' (Arabic:{{ia| الطواف}}) consists in seven turns of circumambulation around the [[Ka'ba]], which is one of the obligatory rituals of [[hajj]] and [['umra]]. Each turn of this circumambulation is called a "shawt". All kinds of hajj and 'umra have two tawafs: tawaf al- | '''Ṭawāf''' (Arabic:{{ia| الطواف}}) consists in seven turns of circumambulation around the [[Ka'ba]], which is one of the obligatory rituals of [[hajj]] and [['umra]]. Each turn of this circumambulation is called a "shawt". All kinds of hajj and 'umra have two tawafs: tawaf al-ziyarah (tawaf of pilgrimage) and [[tawaf al-nisa']] (tawaf of women), except [['umra al-tamattu']] that does not involve tawaf al-nisa'. When one does not wear [[ihram]], they can also practice [[Mustahab]] tawafs. After each tawaf, two [[rak'a]]s of [[prayer]]s should be performed behind [[Maqam Ibrahim (a)]]. | ||
There is no tawaf al-nisa' in the [[fiqh]] | There is no tawaf al-nisa' in the [[fiqh]] of [[Sunni]] Muslims. | ||
==Lexicology== | ==Lexicology== | ||
The word "tawaf" means to surround something or to turn around something on foot. "Ta'if" (Arabic:{{ | The word "tawaf" means to surround something or to turn around something on foot. "Ta'if" (Arabic:{{ia| طائف}}; the subject-adjective form) refers to someone who turns around a house. In the terminology of [[fiqh]] , "tawaf" refers to the circumambulation around the [[Ka'ba]]. | ||
In | In fiqh, "tawaf" around the [[Ka'ba]] is an [[wajib|obligatory]] ritual of [[hajj]]. The pilgrim should circumambulate around the Ka'ba seven times with certain conditions: one should start in each turn (shawt) from the [[Black Stone]] (al-Hajar al-Aswad) and finish with it. Tawaf consists in 7 "shawt"s (circles). | ||
==Historical Background== | ==Historical Background== | ||
Tawaf traces back to the period of the prophet [[Adam (a)]]. When he was banished from the Heaven, he went to the Ka'ba and circumambulated around it just as [[angel]]s circumambulate around the [['Arsh]] (Divine Throne). Tawaf was a tradition throughout the history and was an essential part of | Tawaf traces back to the period of the prophet [[Adam (a)]]. When he was banished from the Heaven, he went to the Ka'ba and circumambulated around it just as [[angel]]s circumambulate around the [['Arsh]] (Divine Throne). Tawaf was a tradition throughout the history and was an essential part of hajj. Even in the period of [[Jahiliyya]] before the emergence of Islam, people who entered [[Mecca]] or wanted to depart from Mecca, the first thing they did was the tawaf of the Ka'ba. They took it to be the most important way to become close to [[God]]. In that period, there was no specific time and place for tawaf; they went to a temple with idol inside, and circumambulated around it 7 times: poor people did this with naked foot, and rich people did it with shoes on. | ||
===Naked Tawaf=== | ===Naked Tawaf=== | ||
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* Clothes were in the possession of [[Quraysh]]. If one did not buy clothes from them, they had to circumambulate nakedly. | * Clothes were in the possession of [[Quraysh]]. If one did not buy clothes from them, they had to circumambulate nakedly. | ||
* If a person went to hajj or 'umra, they had to practice their first tawaf with clothes they borrowed from Hums. They had to throw away any other clothes, and if they did not want to lose their clothes, they had to circumambulate around the Ka'ba nakedly. It was known as Naked Tawaf. | * If a person went to hajj or [['umra]], they had to practice their first tawaf with clothes they borrowed from Hums. They had to throw away any other clothes, and if they did not want to lose their clothes, they had to circumambulate around the Ka'ba nakedly. It was known as Naked Tawaf. | ||
* There is a [[hadith]] from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] according to which if someone practiced the tawaf in their own clothes in the period of Jahiliyya, then they had to pay [[sadaqa]]. So they had to borrow clothes for tawaf, and if they could not find anything, | * There is a [[hadith]] from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] according to which if someone practiced the tawaf in their own clothes in the period of Jahiliyya, then they had to pay [[sadaqa]]. So they had to borrow clothes for tawaf, and if they could not find anything, they, including women, had to practice the tawaf nakedly. | ||
==In | ==In the Qur'an== | ||
Tawaf and some of its rulings are mentioned in the [[Quran]], [[Q 2|2]]:125,{{Enote|And [remember] when We made the House a place of reward for mankind and a sanctuary, [declaring], "Take the venue of prayer from Abraham's Station." We charged Abraham and Ishmael [with its upkeep, saying], " Purify My House for those who go around it, [for] those who make it a retreat and [for] those who bow and prostrate." ([[Q 2]]:125)}} and [[Q 22|22]]:26 and 29{{Enote|When We settled for Abraham the site of the House [saying], Do not ascribe any partners to Me, and purify My House for those who go around it, and those who stand [in it for prayer], and those who bow and prostrate.([[Q 22]]:26)}}{{Enote|Then let them do away with their untidiness, and fulfill their vows, and go around the Ancient House.([[Q 22]]:29)}}. These verses imply that tawaf was an old worship common in the period of the prophet [[Ibrahim (a)]]. | Tawaf and some of its rulings are mentioned in the [[Quran]], [[Q 2|2]]:125,{{Enote|And [remember] when We made the House a place of reward for mankind and a sanctuary, [declaring], "Take the venue of prayer from Abraham's Station." We charged Abraham and Ishmael [with its upkeep, saying], " Purify My House for those who go around it, [for] those who make it a retreat and [for] those who bow and prostrate." ([[Q 2]]:125)}} and [[Q 22|22]]:26 and 29{{Enote|When We settled for Abraham the site of the House [saying], Do not ascribe any partners to Me, and purify My House for those who go around it, and those who stand [in it for prayer], and those who bow and prostrate.([[Q 22]]:26)}}{{Enote|Then let them do away with their untidiness, and fulfill their vows, and go around the Ancient House.([[Q 22]]:29)}}. These verses imply that tawaf was an old worship common in the period of the prophet [[Ibrahim (a)]]. | ||
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Tawaf al-ziyara is an essential component of hajj and 'umra. Although tawaf al-nisa' is obligatory, the hajj or 'umra will not be invalid by refraining from doing it. However, one would not be permitted to have enjoyment with his wife unless he (or his representative) practices tawaf al-nisa' and its prayer. | Tawaf al-ziyara is an essential component of hajj and 'umra. Although tawaf al-nisa' is obligatory, the hajj or 'umra will not be invalid by refraining from doing it. However, one would not be permitted to have enjoyment with his wife unless he (or his representative) practices tawaf al-nisa' and its prayer. | ||
'''Tawaf al- | '''Tawaf al-Ziyarah''' | ||
Tawaf al-ziyara (Tawaf of pilgrimage) is an obligatory tawaf practiced in [[hajj]] and [['umra]] rituals. It is also called "al-tawaf al-awwal" (the first tawaf), "tawaf al-fard", "tawaf al-farida" (tawaf of obligation), and "tawaf al-rukn" (necessary tawaf). Here are some features of this tawaf: | Tawaf al-ziyara (Tawaf of pilgrimage) is an obligatory tawaf practiced in [[hajj]] and [['umra]] rituals. It is also called "al-tawaf al-awwal" (the first tawaf), "tawaf al-fard", "tawaf al-farida" (tawaf of obligation), and "tawaf al-rukn" (necessary tawaf). Here are some features of this tawaf: | ||