Umrat al-Qada'

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Umrat al-Qaḍā' (Arabic: عُمْرَة القَضاء) was an al-'umra al-mufrada performed by the Prophet Muhammad (s) and Muslims in 7/629. According to Hudaybiyya peace treaty, one year after the treaty, Muslims were permitted to enter Mecca for three days and perform hajj al-'umra. The Prophet (s) and Muslims seized the opportunity and visited Mecca. At the command of the Prophet (s), a number of armed people stayed outside Mecca in case Muslims were attacked by people of Mecca. In this hajj, the Prophet (s) circumambulated around the Ka'ba while he was on his camel and touched the Black Stone with his cane. The Qur'an 2:194 was revealed about this event.

Introduction

Timeline of Prophet (s) in Medina
1/622 Hijra
2/624 Marriage of Imam 'Ali (a) and Lady Fatima (a)
2/624 Change of the Qibla
2/624 Battle of Badr
2/624 Battle of Banu Qaynuqa'
3/625 Battle of Uhud
3/625 Battle of Banu Nadir
5/627 Battle of Khandaq
5/627 Battle of Banu Qurayza
6/628 Hudaybiyya Peace Treaty
7/628 Battle of Khaybar
7/629 Presenting Fadak to Lady Fatima (a)
7/629 Umrat al-Qada'
7/629 Battle of Mu'ta
8/630 Conquest of Mecca
8/630 Battle of Hunayn
8/630 Battle of Ta'if
9/631 More dominance over Arabian Peninsula
9/631 Battle of Tabuk
9/631 Sanat al-Wufud
10/632 Hajjat al-Wada'
10/632 Event of Ghadir
11/632 Demise


Muslims moved towards Mecca in order to practice Umra in Dhu l-Qa'da of six (March 628).[1] However, they failed to perform their hajj rituals due to oppositions by Meccan polytheists. In the end, Hudaybiyya peace treaty was made between Muslims and the polytheists. According to the treaty, Muslims were not permitted to perform hajj in the year 6/628, but the next year (7/629) they were permitted to enter Mecca for three days and practice Umra.[2]

The Prophet (s) and many Muslims moved towards Mecca[3] in order to practice Umra in Dhu l-Qa'da of 7 (March of 629).[4] Since this hajj counted as the "qada'" of the last year's hajj, it came to be known as "umrat al-qada'".[5] It is also known as "umrat al-qadiyya", "ghazwat al-qada'", "umrat al-sulh", and "umrat al-qisas".[6]

According to some exegetes of the Qur'an, the Qur'an 2:194 was revealed about this event:[7]

Departing for Mecca

At the command of the Prophet (s), all participants in Hudaybiyya peace treaty departed for Mecca again. They were also joined by other people. The number of Muslims amounted to two thousand.[8] They took with them sixty camels as sacrifices.[9] The Prophet (s) appointed Abu Dhar as his successor in Medina.[10]

According to Hudaybiyya peace treaty, Muslims were permitted to enter Mecca only with a traveler's weapon.[11] However, the Prophet (s) ordered two hundred Muslims to stay outside Mecca with horses and war weapons in case Muslims were attacked by Meccans.[12]

Three Days in Mecca

Once Muslims entered Mecca, some noblemen left the town.[13] However, some others stayed in the town to see the Prophet (s) and Muslims. In order to show their power to people of Mecca, the Prophet (s) and Muslims took their right hands out of the ihram clothes.[14] The Prophet (s) circumambulated around the Ka'ba and performed Sa'y between Safa and Marwa while he was on his camel.[15] He also touched Black Stone with his cane.[16] After performing the practices of hajj, the Prophet (s) entered the Ka'ba and went out when Bilal was calling for the prayer on top of the Ka'ba.[17] During the three days of his stay in Mecca, the Prophet (s) married Maymuna bt. Harith.[18]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya. vol. 4, p. 164.
  2. ↑ Bayhaqī, Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa, vol. 4, p. 145.
  3. ↑ Ibn Khaldūn, Dīwan al-mubtadaʾ wa l-khabar, vol. 2, p. 455.
  4. ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 1, p. 353.
  5. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 22, p. 107.
  6. ↑ Maqrizī, Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ, vol. 1, p. 330.
  7. ↑ Wāḥidī Niyshābūrī, Asbāb al-nuzūl, p. 58.
  8. ↑ Wāqidī, al-Maghāzī, vol. 2, p. 731.
  9. ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī, vol. 3, p. 25.
  10. ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 1, p. 353.
  11. ↑ Bayhaqī, Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa, vol. 4, p. 145.
  12. ↑ Maqrizī, Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ, vol. 1, p. 331.
  13. ↑ Ibn Khaldūn, Dīwan al-mubtadaʾ wa l-khabar, vol. 2, p. 455.
  14. ↑ Maqrizī, Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ, vol. 9, p. 19.
  15. ↑ Wāqidī, al-Maghāzī, vol. 2, p. 736.
  16. ↑ Wāqidī, al-Maghāzī, vol. 2, p. 735.
  17. ↑ Wāqidī, al-Maghāzī, vol. 2, p. 737.
  18. ↑ Ibn Hishām, al-Sīra al-nabawīyya, vol. 2, p. 372; Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī, vol. 3, p. 25; Wāqidī, al-Maghāzī, vol. 2, p. 738.

References

  • Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. Ansāb al-ashrāf. Edited by Suhayl Zakār & Riyāḍ al-Ziriklī. 1st edition. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1417 AH.
  • Bayhaqī, Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn al-. Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa wa maʿrifat aḥwāl ṣāḥib al-sharīʿa. Edited by ʿAbd al-Muʿṭī al-Qalʿajī. 1st edition. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1405 AH.
  • Ibn Hishām, ʿAbd al-Malik. Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya. Edited by Muṣṭafā al-Saqā, Ibrāhīm Ābyārī and ʿAbd al-Ḥafīz Shalbī. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d].
  • Ibn Khaldūn, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad. Dīwan al-mubtadaʾ wa l-khabar fi tārīkh al-ʿarab wa al-barbar wa man ʿāṣarahum min dhawi al-shaʾn al-ʾakbar. Edited by Khalīl al-Shaḥāda. 2nd edition. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1408 AH.
  • Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1407 AH-1986.
  • Maqrizī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ bimā li-Nabī min al-aḥwāl wa al-amwāl wa al-ḥafda wa al-matāʾ. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-Namīsī. 1st edition. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1420 AH.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Tafsīr-i nimūna. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1374 Sh.
  • Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī. Edited by Muḥammad Abu l-faḍl Ibrāhīm. 2nd edition. Beirut: Dar al-Turāth, 1387 AH.
  • Wāḥidī Niyshābūrī, ʿAlī b. Aḥmad al-. Asbāb al-nuzūl. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1411 AH.
  • Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. Al-Maghāzī. Edited by Marsden Jones. 3rd edition. Beirut: Muʾassisa al-Aʿlām, 1409 AH.
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