Hajj al-Ifrad
Hajj al-Ifrad (Arabic: حجّ الإفراد) is one of the three types of hajj and like hajj al-qiran, it is obligatory for those who live in Mecca or near Mecca. The steps of this hajj are like hajj al-tamattu' but making sacrifice is not necessary in it. In some cases, it would be necessary to change Hajj al-Tamattu' to Hajj al-Ifrad.
Three Types of Hajj
There are three types of hajj: Hajj al-Tamattu', hajj al-qiran and Hajj al-Ifrad. The cause of naming Hajj al-Ifrad is that contrary to Hajj al-Tamattu', it does not have 'umra.[1]
Similar to hajj al-qiran, Hajj al-Ifrad is obligatory for the people of Mecca and those who live in a distance of less than 48 mils (about 86 km) from Mecca. Some scholars in fiqh have considered this distance 12 mils (about 21.5 km).[2] There are different opinions regarding whether these people need to al-'Umra al-Mufrada after hajj or not.[3]
In recommended hajj, the pilgrim is free to choose whichever of different types of hajj.[4]
Practices of Hajj al-Ifrad
Steps and practices of hajj al-ifrad are like the practices of hajj in Hajj al-Tamattu' and only sacrifice (hady) is not obligatory in it (but it is recommended).[5] These steps are as below:[6]
- Ihram: if the pilgrim's residence is closer to Mecca than any of the five miqats, he needs to wear ihram from his house and if his house is further, he needs to wear ihram from the miqat.[7]
- Staying in 'Arafat on Dhu l-Hijja 9 and in Mash'ar before the sunrise of Eid al-Adha.
- Performing the practices of Mina on the day of Eid al-Adha: Ramy al-jamara al-'aqaba, halq and taqsir.
- Performing the practices of Mina in the Days of Tashriq
- Camping in Mina
- Performing the practices of Mecca: tawaf for visiting and its related prayer, Sa'y between al-Safa and al-Marwa, tawaf al-nisa' and its related two rak'as of prayers.
Majority of scholars in fiqh believe that in hajj al-ifrad, tawaf for visiting, tawaf al-nisa' and its related prayer can be performed before staying in 'Arafat. This way, Islamic scholars have different opinions regarding taking off ihram and the necessity of repeating talbiya after each time of tawaf.
Rituals of hajj al-ifrad are like hajj al-tamattu' and hajj al-qiran and need to be done in the months of hajj (Shawwal, Dhu l-Qa'da and Dhu l-Hijja).
Permission for Changing the Type of Hajj
Majority of scholars in fiqh believe that the person who needs to do hajj al-ifrad cannot freely perform Hajj al-Tamattu'.[8].[9]
A menstruating woman or one who does not have enough time to perform 'umrat al-tamattu' needs to change his intention to hajj al-ifrad and perform its practices.[10] These people need to perform al-'umra al-mufrada after hajj al-ifrad.[11]
See Also
Notes
- ↑ Narāqī, Mustanad al-Shīʿa, vol. 11, p. 208.
- ↑ Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, vol. 18, p. 44-47.
- ↑ A look at the obligation of Umrah along with Hajj al-Ifrad
- ↑ Maḥmūdī, Manāsik-i ḥajj, Issue 11.
- ↑ Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, vol. 18, p. 96.
- ↑ Maḥmūdī, Manāsik-i ḥajj, Issue 209.
- ↑ Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, vol. 18, p. 49.
- ↑ Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, vol. 18, p. 44.
- ↑ Maḥmūdī, Manāsik-i ḥajj, Issue 217, 222.
- ↑ Maḥmūdī, Manāsik-i ḥajj, Issue 223, 231.
- ↑ Maḥmūdī, Manāsik-i ḥajj, Issue 210.
References
- Maḥmūdī, Muḥammad Riḍā. Manāsik-i ḥajj muṭābiq bā fatāwā-yi Imām Khomeini wa marājiʿ muʿazzam-i taqlīd. Markaz-i Tahqīqāt-i Ḥajj Biʿtha-yi Maqām-i Muʿazzam-i Rahbarī. [n.p]:Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1387 Sh.
- Najafī, Muḥammad al-Ḥasan al-. Jawāhir al-kalām fī sharḥ sharāʾiʿ al-Islām. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, [n.d].
- Narāqī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad Mahdī. Mustanad al-Shīʿa fī aḥkām al-sharīʿa. Mashhad: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt li-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, [n.d].
- A look at the obligation of Umrah along with Hajj al-Ifrad. Accessed: 2024/06/12.