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'Abd al-'Aziz b. Abi Hazim
Companion ofImam al-Sadiq (a)
Wellknown RelativesSalama b. Dinar (father)
Birth107/725-26
Place of BirthMedina
Place(s) of ResidenceMedina
Demise184/800, after Imam al-Sadiq (a)
ProfessorsMalik b. Anas • Salama b. Dinar


ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Abī Ḥāzim was a prominent companion of Imam al-Sadiq (a) and a distinguished jurist and narrator of the 2nd/8th century. Ahmad b. Hanbal recognized him as the most learned figure in jurisprudence following Malik b. Anas. His father, Salama b. Dinar, was also an esteemed muhaddith and is counted among the students of Imam al-Sajjad (a) and Imam al-Baqir (a).

Historical sources provide scant information regarding his personal life or the specifics of his relationship with Imam al-Sadiq (a). 'Abd Allah Mamaqani categorized him as an unknown Imami, whereas Muhammad Taqi Shushtari argued that the silence of Sunni scholars regarding his sectarian affiliation suggests he was Sunni. Sunni authorities generally regard him as thiqah (trustworthy).

Ibn Abi Hazim is identified as a student of both his father and Malik b. Anas, having transmitted narrations from numerous individuals. Consequently, Sunni scholars describe him as kathīr al-ḥadīth (prolific in hadith). His name features in the transmission chains of the Sihah al-Sitta as well as in Shi'a hadith collections. Among the most significant traditions he transmitted is the narration concerning the Twelve Imams, traced back to the Prophet of Islam (s).

Introduction

'Abd al-'Aziz b. Abi Hazim, commonly known as Ibn Abi Hazim,[1] was the son of Salama b. Dinar al-Makhzumi.[2] He bore the kunya Abu Tammam[3] and was a native of Medina (al-Madani).[4] A prominent jurist and muhaddith of Medina,[5] he held an elevated station,[6] to the point that he was acknowledged as the leader (Imam)[7] of the people in knowledge following Malik b. Anas.[8] It is reported that Ahmad b. Hanbal considered him the most learned jurist in Medina after Malik,[9] and Malik b. Anas himself recognized his status as a jurist.[10] One account relates that when Malik b. Anas was unable to answer a specific inquiry, he referred the questioner to Ibn Abi Hazim.[11]

He was born in 107/725-26.[12] His father is counted among the narrators,[13] jurists,[14] ascetics, and disciples of Imam al-Sajjad (a) and Imam al-Baqir (a).[15] 'Abd al-'Aziz b. Abi Hazim died suddenly in Medina[16] in 184/800.[17] Some reports indicate that he passed away in the Prophet's Mosque while in prostration.[18] Ibn al-Athir, author of the chronicle al-Kamil, dated his death to 181/797-98,[19] while al-Shaykh al-Tusi recorded it as 185/801.[20] Ibn Sa'd, author of al-Tabaqat al-kubra, noted that following Ibn Abi Hazim's death, four thousand dinars were discovered hidden within his house when it was sold.[21]

Religion

al-Shaykh al-Tusi[22] and subsequent scholars have listed 'Abd al-'Aziz among the companions of Imam al-Sadiq (a).[23] However, biographical sources are silent regarding his life or the nature of his relationship with Imam al-Sadiq (a),[24] mentioning only his studentship under the Imam;[25] although some sources identify him as a specialized disciple.[26] Due to this paucity of biographical data, 'Abd Allah Mamaqani classified him as an unknown Imami,[27] whereas Muhammad Taqi Shushtari, author of Qamus al-rijal, argued that the silence of Sunni scholars such as Ibn Qutayba regarding his sectarian affiliation suggests he was Sunni. Shushtari contended that his inclusion in al-Shaykh al-Tusi's Rijal as a companion of Imam al-Sadiq (a) does not constitute proof of Shi'a faith, as al-Tusi's compilation includes students of the Imams from various schools of thought.[28]

Narrator of Hadith

Sunni scholars regard 'Abd al-'Aziz as prolific in hadith, although they estimate the volume of his narrations to be less than that of his contemporary, Muhammad b. Yahya al-Durawardi.[29] Nevertheless, he is reputed to have been more learned in jurisprudence than al-Durawardi.[30] He is recognized as a student of Malik b. Anas and his father, Salama b. Dinar,[31] and he transmitted traditions from figures such as Salama b. Dinar, Zayd b. Aslam,[32] Sahl b. Sa'd al-Sa'idi, Sa'id b. al-Musayyib, 'Ata' b. Abi Rabah, 'Ata' b. Yasar, Abi Umama b. Sahl b. Hunayf,[33] and others.[34]

'Abd al-'Aziz's name appears in the chains of transmission within Shi'a sources such as Kifayat al-athar, al-Mustarshid fi l-imama, al-Irshad, and 'Ilal al-shara'i',[35] as well as in Musnad Ahmad b. Hanbal[36] and the Sihah al-Sitta: Sahih al-Bukhari,[37] Sahih Muslim,[38] Sunan Ibn Maja,[39] Sunan Abi Dawud,[40] Sunan al-Tirmidhi,[41] and Sunan al-Nasa'i.[42]

Among the notable traditions transmitted by 'Abd al-'Aziz is the narration concerning the Thaqalayn and the progeny of the Prophet (s), which correlates them with the Twelve Shia Imams as articulated by the Prophet of Islam (s).[43] He also narrated from his father the observation that he had seen no one among the Banu Hashim more superior or virtuous than 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a).[44] Additionally, his name appears in the transmission chain for the hadith elucidating the origin of Imam Ali (a)'s title, Abu Turab.[45]

While some Sunni scholars regard him as thiqah and reliable in transmitting Hadith,[46] other reports suggest he was not widely recognized for hadith transmission independent of his father, attributing his fame primarily to narrations from him.[47] Certain scholars have deemed him a weak narrator, making an exception only for traditions he narrated from his father,[48] although even these specific narrations have faced criticism.[49]

Notes

  1. ↑ Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ, Jamharat tarājim al-fuqahāʾ al-Mālikiyya, 1423 AH, vol. 2, p. 676.
  2. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 5, p. 492; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 6, p. 333; Ibn Qāniʿ al-Baghdādī, Muʿjam al-ṣaḥāba, 1424 AH, vol. 1, p. 345; Islamic Research Group of Imam Sadiq (a) Institute, Mawsūʿat ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ, 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 318.
  3. ↑ Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, al-Maʿārif, 1992, p. 479; Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 5, p. 492; Shūshtarī, Qāmūs al-rijāl, 1410 AH, vol. 6, p. 173.
  4. ↑ Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, 1413 AH, vol. 12, p. 275.
  5. ↑ Ibn al-ʿImād al-Ḥanbalī, Shadharāt al-dhahab, 1406 AH, vol. 2, p. 381; Islamic Research Group of Imam Sadiq (a) Institute, Mawsūʿat ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ, 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 318.
  6. ↑ Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, 1413 AH, vol. 12, p. 275.
  7. ↑ Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, 1413 AH, vol. 12, p. 275.
  8. ↑ Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ, Jamharat tarājim al-fuqahāʾ al-Mālikiyya, 1423 AH, vol. 2, p. 676.
  9. ↑ Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 6, p. 333; Ibn al-ʿImād al-Ḥanbalī, Shadharāt al-dhahab, 1406 AH, vol. 2, p. 381; Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, 1413 AH, vol. 12, p. 276.
  10. ↑ Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ, Jamharat tarājim al-fuqahāʾ al-Mālikiyya, 1423 AH, vol. 2, p. 676.
  11. ↑ Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ, Jamharat tarājim al-fuqahāʾ al-Mālikiyya, 1423 AH, vol. 2, p. 676.
  12. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 5, p. 492; Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ, Jamharat tarājim al-fuqahāʾ al-Mālikiyya, 1423 AH, vol. 2, p. 677.
  13. ↑ Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq, 1415 AH, vol. 22, p. 16.
  14. ↑ Islamic Research Group of Imam Sadiq (a) Institute, Mawsūʿat ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ, 1418 AH, vol. 1, p. 379.
  15. ↑ Islamic Research Group of Imam Sadiq (a) Institute, Mawsūʿat ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ, 1418 AH, vol. 1, pp. 378-379.
  16. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 5, p. 492.
  17. ↑ Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, al-Maʿārif, 1992, p. 479; Ṣafadī, al-Wāfī bi-l-wafayāt, 1401 AH, vol. 18, p. 472; Dhahabī, al-Iʿlām bi-wafayāt al-aʿlām, 1413 AH, vol. 1, p. 117; Dāraquṭnī, Dhikr asmāʾ al-tābiʿīn, 1406 AH, vol. 1, p. 227.
  18. ↑ Ibn al-Athīr, al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh, 1385 Sh, vol. 6, p. 153; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 6, p. 334; Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ, Jamharat tarājim al-fuqahāʾ al-Mālikiyya, 1423 AH, vol. 2, p. 676.
  19. ↑ Ibn al-Athīr, al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh, 1385 Sh, vol. 6, p. 153.
  20. ↑ al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, Rijāl al-Ṭūsī, 1373 Sh, p. 239.
  21. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 5, p. 492.
  22. ↑ al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, Rijāl al-Ṭūsī, 1373 Sh, p. 239.
  23. ↑ Astarābādī, Manhaj al-maqāl, 1422 AH, vol. 6, p. 387; Ardabīlī, Jāmiʿ al-ruwāt, 1403 AH, vol. 1, p. 458; Māzandarānī Ḥāʾirī, Muntahā al-maqāl, 1416 AH, vol. 4, p. 133; Nūrī, Mustadrak al-wasāʾil, 1408 AH, vol. 26, p. 135; Shūshtarī, Qāmūs al-rijāl, 1410 AH, vol. 6, p. 173; Khūʾī, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1413 AH, vol. 11, p. 32.
  24. ↑ For example see: Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, 1413 AH, vol. 12, pp. 275-277; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 6, p. 333; Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ, Jamharat tarājim al-fuqahāʾ al-Mālikiyya, 1423 AH, vol. 2, p. 676.
  25. ↑ Astarābādī, Manhaj al-maqāl, 1422 AH, vol. 6, p. 387; Ardabīlī, Jāmiʿ al-ruwāt, 1403 AH, vol. 1, p. 458; Māzandarānī Ḥāʾirī, Muntahā al-maqāl, 1416 AH, vol. 4, p. 133; Nūrī, Mustadrak al-wasāʾil, 1408 AH, vol. 26, p. 135; Māmaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, vol. 2, part 1, p. 154; Shūshtarī, Qāmūs al-rijāl, 1410 AH, vol. 6, p. 173; Khūʾī, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1413 AH, vol. 11, p. 32.
  26. ↑ Khūʾī, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1413 AH, vol. 11, p. 32; Namāzī Shāhrūdī, Mustadrakāt ʿilm rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1414 AH, vol. 4, p. 438.
  27. ↑ Māmaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, vol. 2, part 1, p. 154.
  28. ↑ Shūshtarī, Qāmūs al-rijāl, 1410 AH, vol. 6, p. 173.
  29. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 5, p. 492; Islamic Research Group of Imam Sadiq (a) Institute, Mawsūʿat ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ, 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 318.
  30. ↑ Islamic Research Group of Imam Sadiq (a) Institute, Mawsūʿat ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ, 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 318.
  31. ↑ Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ, Jamharat tarājim al-fuqahāʾ al-Mālikiyya, 1423 AH, vol. 2, p. 676.
  32. ↑ Ibn al-ʿImād al-Ḥanbalī, Shadharāt al-dhahab, 1406 AH, vol. 2, p. 381; Islamic Research Group of Imam Sadiq (a) Institute, Mawsūʿat ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ, 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 318.
  33. ↑ Islamic Research Group of Imam Sadiq (a) Institute, Mawsūʿat ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ, 1418 AH, vol. 1, p. 379.
  34. ↑ For more information, see: Abū Makhrama, Qilādat al-naḥr, 1428 AH, vol. 2, p. 286; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 6, pp. 333-334; Ḥusaynī, al-Tadhkira bi-maʿrifat rijāl al-kutub al-ʿashara, 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 1045.
  35. ↑ Khazzāz Rāzī, Kifāyat al-athar, 1401 AH, p. 91; Ṭabarī Āmulī al-Kabīr, al-Mustarshid, 1415 AH, p. 171; Mufīd, al-Irshād, 1413 AH, vol. 2, p. 141; al-Shaykh al-Ṣadūq, ʿIlal al-sharāʾiʿ, 1385 Sh, vol. 1, p. 232; al-Shaykh al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa, 1409 AH, vol. 4, p. 98.
  36. ↑ Ibn Ḥanbal, Musnad Aḥmad, 1416 AH, vol. 18, p. 88, vol. 24, p. 337, vol. 37, pp. 472, 512, vol. 41, p. 439.
  37. ↑ al-Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, 1410 AH, vol. 1, pp. 298, 328, vol. 2, p. 326, vol. 3, p. 303, vol. 5, pp. 100, 117.
  38. ↑ Muslim, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 1412 AH, vol. 1, p. 386, vol. 2, pp. 588, 771, 1040, vol. 3, pp. 1416, 1500, 1503, vol. 4, p. 2025.
  39. ↑ Ibn Māja, Sunan Ibn Māja, 1418 AH, vol. 1, pp. 195, 202, 454, vol. 2, pp. 155, 292, 391, vol. 3, pp. 187, 253, 344, vol. 4, pp. 183, 280.
  40. ↑ Abī Dāwūd, Sunan Abī Dāwūd, vol. 1, p. 322, vol. 3, p. 1584, vol. 4, p. 1856.
  41. ↑ al-Tirmidhī, Sunan al-Tirmidhī, 1419 AH, vol. 2, pp. 314, 544, vol. 4, pp. 16, 96, vol. 5, p. 296.
  42. ↑ Sunan al-Nasāʾī, Amman, vol. 1, p. 72, vol. 3, p. 272, vol. 4, p. 400, vol. 5, p. 64.
  43. ↑ Khazzāz Rāzī, Kifāyat al-athar, 1401 AH, pp. 91-92; al-Shaykh al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Ithbāt al-hudāt, 1425 AH, vol. 2, p. 161; Baḥrānī, al-Inṣāf, 1378 AH, pp. 367-368.
  44. ↑ al-Shaykh al-Ṣadūq, ʿIlal al-sharāʾiʿ, 1385 Sh, vol. 1, p. 232; Mufīd, al-Irshād, 1413 AH, vol. 2, p. 141; al-Shaykh al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa, 1409 AH, vol. 4, p. 98; Baḥrānī, Ḥilyat al-abrār, 1411 AH, vol. 4, p. 252.
  45. ↑ Ibn al-Baṭrīq, ʿUmdat ʿuyūn, 1407 AH, p. 25.
  46. ↑ Ibn Qāniʿ al-Baghdādī, Muʿjam al-ṣaḥāba, 1424 AH, vol. 1, p. 345; Dāraquṭnī, Dhikr asmāʾ al-tābiʿīn, 1406 AH, vol. 1, p. 227; Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ, Jamharat tarājim al-fuqahāʾ al-Mālikiyya, 1423 AH, vol. 2, pp. 676-677; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 6, p. 333.
  47. ↑ Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ, Jamharat tarājim al-fuqahāʾ al-Mālikiyya, 1423 AH, vol. 2, p. 676.
  48. ↑ Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ, Jamharat tarājim al-fuqahāʾ al-Mālikiyya, 1423 AH, vol. 2, p. 677.
  49. ↑ Ḥusaynī, al-Tadhkira bi-maʿrifat rijāl al-kutub al-ʿashara, 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 1045; Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, 1413 AH, vol. 12, p. 275.

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  • Māmaqānī, ʿAbd Allāh, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl fī ʿilm al-rijāl, Qom, Muʾassasa-yi Āl al-Bayt (a), 1431 AH.
  • Muslim b. Ḥajjāj, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, Cairo, Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1412 AH.
  • al-Shaykh al-Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad, al-Irshād fī maʿrifat ḥujaj Allāh ʿalā l-ʿibād, Qom, Sheikh Mufid Congress, 1413 AH.
  • al-Nasāʾī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī, al-Mujtabā min al-Sunan (Sunan al-Nasāʾī), Amman, Bayt al-Afkār al-Dawliyya, n.d.
  • Namāzī Shāhrūdī, ʿAlī, Mustadrakāt ʿilm rijāl al-ḥadīth, Tehran, author's son, 1414 AH.
  • Nūrī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad Taqī, Mustadrak al-wasāʾil wa-mustanbaṭ al-masāʾil, Qom, Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt (a), 1408 AH.
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