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Al-Kursi Verse: Difference between revisions
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According to [[hadith]]s, it is [[mustahab|recommended]] to [[recitation|recite]] this verse in all conditions, particularly after performing [[prayers]], before going to sleep, when leaving home, when facing dangers and troubles, when driving a vehicle to prevent [[evil eye]]s, for health, and so on. | According to [[hadith]]s, it is [[mustahab|recommended]] to [[recitation|recite]] this verse in all conditions, particularly after performing [[prayers]], before going to sleep, when leaving home, when facing dangers and troubles, when driving a vehicle to prevent [[evil eye]]s, for health, and so on. | ||
([[Qur'an 2]]:255,256,257 | == Text and Translation of the Verse == | ||
The verse 255, and also according to some hadiths and views of some scholars of Qur'anic [[exegesis]] verses 256 and 257, of the Qur'an 2 are parts of the al-Kursi Verse.<ref>Muʿīnī, ''Āyat al-kursī'', p. 101.</ref> | |||
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{{arabic|'''اَللَّـهُ لَا إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ لَا تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلَا نَوْمٌ لَّهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ مَن ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِندَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِّنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلَّا بِمَا شَاءَ وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَلَا يَئُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ (٢٥٥) لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ قَد تَّبَيَّنَ الرُّشْدُ مِنَ الْغَيِّ فَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِالطَّاغُوتِ وَيُؤْمِن بِاللَّـهِ فَقَدِ اسْتَمْسَكَ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقَىٰ لَا انفِصَامَ لَهَا وَاللَّـهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ (٢٥٦) اللَّـهُ وَلِيُّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يُخْرِجُهُم مِّنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَوْلِيَاؤُهُمُ الطَّاغُوتُ يُخْرِجُونَهُم مِّنَ النُّورِ إِلَى الظُّلُمَاتِ أُولَـٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ'''}} | |||
"Allah—there is no god except Him—is the Living One, the All-sustainer. Neither drowsiness befalls Him nor sleep. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. Who is it that may intercede with Him except with His permission? He knows what is before them and what is behind them, and they do not comprehend anything of His knowledge except what He wishes. His seat embraces the heavens and the earth, and He is not wearied by their preservation, and He is the All-exalted, the All-supreme.(255) There is no compulsion in religion: rectitude has become distinct from error. So one who disavows fake deities and has faith in Allah has held fast to the firmest handle for which there is no breaking, and Allah is all-hearing, all-knowing.(256) Allah is the wali of the faithful: He brings them out of darkness into light. As for the faithless, their awliya are the fake deities who drive them out of light into darkness. They shall be the inmates of the Fire, and they will remain in it [forever]. | |||
|source=[[Qur'an 2]]:255, 256, 257. | |||
}} | |||
==Meaning == | ==Meaning == | ||
From [[Muslim]] scholars' viewpoint, the two notions of "Qayyum" and "Kursi" have been more controversial than various other notions in this verse. The word "kursi" means seat, throne, knowledge, and the realm. In different [[hadith]]s by [[Shi'a | From [[Muslim]] scholars' viewpoint, the two notions of "Qayyum" and "Kursi" have been more controversial than various other notions in this verse. The word "kursi" means seat, throne, knowledge, and the realm. In different [[hadith]]s by [[Imams of the Shi'a]], "kursi" in this verse has been interpreted as divine knowledge; thus, the verse means that "his knowledge extends to heavens and the Earth".<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 2, p. 272.</ref> | ||
According to a hadith from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]], "kursi" is a sort of knowledge, unique to [[God]], of which He has not informed any of his [[Prophethood|prophet]]s and [[Imams]].<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Maʿānī l-akhbār'', vol. 1, p. 67.</ref> | According to a hadith from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]], "kursi" is a sort of knowledge, unique to [[God]], of which He has not informed any of his [[Prophethood|prophet]]s and [[Imams]].<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Maʿānī l-akhbār'', vol. 1, p. 67.</ref> | ||
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==Al-Kursi Verse or al-Kursi Verses== | ==Al-Kursi Verse or al-Kursi Verses== | ||
The majority view among Shiite exegetes of the Quran that only verse 255 of [[ | The majority view among Shiite exegetes of the Quran that only verse 255 of [[Qur'an 2]] counts as al-Kursi verse,<ref>Muʾassisa Dāʾirat al-maʿārif al-fiqh al-Islāmī, ''Farhang-i fiqh-i farsī'', vol. 1, p. 174; Kūsha, ''Āyat al-Kursī'', p. 119.</ref> and its two following verses are not part of al-Kursi.<ref>Ṭūsī,''al-Amālī'',vol. 2, p. 278.</ref> 'Allama al-Tabataba'i, the author of Quranic exegesis ''[[al-Mizan]]'', believes that al-Kursi verse is verse 255 of Qur'an 2, ending in "wa-huwa al-'ali al-'azim."<ref>Ḥusaynī Tihrānī, ''Mihr-i tābān'', p. 177.</ref> [[Makarim Shirazi]], a contemporary Shiite exegete of the Quran, presents six pieces of evidence that al-Kursi verse is confined to verse 255 of Qur'an 2, including: | ||
All verses concerning the virtue of this verse refer only to this verse as al-Kursi verse; | All verses concerning the virtue of this verse refer only to this verse as al-Kursi verse; | ||
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There are hadiths according to which al-Kursi verse consists of fifty words, and the number of verse 255’s words is fifty.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 2, p. 276-277.</ref> He argues that hadiths in which the recitation of the following two verses is commanded do not refer to those verses as al-Kursi.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 2, p. 277.</ref> | There are hadiths according to which al-Kursi verse consists of fifty words, and the number of verse 255’s words is fifty.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 2, p. 276-277.</ref> He argues that hadiths in which the recitation of the following two verses is commanded do not refer to those verses as al-Kursi.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 2, p. 277.</ref> | ||
Against the majority view, some people have adduced certain [[hadiths]]<ref>See: Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 2, p. 621</ref> <ref>According to a hadith from the Prophet (s): he who recites the first four verses of | Against the majority view, some people have adduced certain [[hadiths]]<ref>See: Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 2, p. 621.</ref> <ref>According to a hadith from the Prophet (s): he who recites the first four verses of Qur'an 2, al-Kursi verse, and its following two verses, and the last three verses of the sura will see no harm in his life and property and no devil will approach him.</ref> to demonstrate that verses 256 and 257 of Qur'an 2 are also part of al-Kursi verses.<ref>Mu'īnī, ''Āyat al-Kursī'', p. 100.</ref> They believe that such hadiths are the ground for the common practice among the [[Shias]] to recite the following two verses as al-Kursi.<ref>Dashtī, ''Āyat al-Kursī'', p. 469.</ref> Another reason to include verses 256 and 257 in al-Kursi verse is the deep tie between their themes.<ref>Kūsha, ''Āyat al-Kursī'', p. 120.</ref> In his ''[[al-'Urwat al-wuthqa]]'', [[al-Sayyid Muhammad Kazim al-Yazdi]] believes that one had better recite to the end of verse 257 when reciting al-Kursi verse in the [[Prayer of Burial Night]].<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p.126</ref> | ||
==Merits and Benefits== | ==Merits and Benefits== | ||
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==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
Many scholars have written independent books or essays on the exegesis of this [[verse]], such as [[Kamal al-Din 'Abd al-Razzaq al-Kashani]], [[Shams al-Din al-Khafri]], [[Mulla Sadra]] and his son, and among the contemporary scholars, [[Muhammad Taqi Falsafi]]. | Many scholars have written independent books or essays on the exegesis of this [[verse]], such as [[Kamal al-Din 'Abd al-Razzaq al-Kashani|Abd al-Razzaq al-Kashani]], [[Shams al-Din al-Khafri]], [[Mulla Sadra]] and his son, and among the contemporary scholars, [[Muhammad Taqi Falsafi]]. | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
{{Notes}} | {{Notes}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{References}} | {{References}} | ||
* Ghazālī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Jawāhir al-Qurān''. Edited by Muḥammad Rashīd Riḍā al-Qurbānī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-ʿUlūm, 1411 AH. | |||
* Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. ''Tafsīr-i nimūna''. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1380 Sh. | |||
* Muʾassisa Dāʾirat al-maʿārif al-fiqh al-Islāmī. ''Farhang-i fiqh-i farsī''. Under the supervision of Sayyid Maḥmūd Shāhrūdī. Qom: Muʾassisat Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Fiqh al-Islāmī, 1382 Sh. | |||
* Muʿīnī, Muḥsin. ''"Āyat al-kursī" dar dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān wa Qurʾān Pazhūhī''. volume 1. Tehran: Dūstān-Nāhīd, 1377 Sh. | |||
* Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Maʿānī l-akhbār''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1377 Sh. | |||
* Suyūṭī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Bakr al-. ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-ṣaghīr fī aḥādīth al-bashīr al-nadhīr''. Cairo: [n.p], 1373 AH. | |||
* Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, Muḥammad Kāẓim al-. ''Al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā fīmā taʿummu bih al-balwā''. ''. Qom: Jāmiʿat al-Mudarrisīn, 1417-1420 AH. | |||
* Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Al-Amālī''. Qom: Dār al-Thiqāfa, 1414 AH. | |||
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{{Famous Verses of the Qur'an}} | {{Famous Verses of the Qur'an}} | ||
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