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Tawaf: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Tawaf in Masjid Al-Haram around Kaba.jpg|350px|thumbnail|Performing Tawaf in [[Masjid al-Haram]] around [[Ka'ba]]]] | [[File:Tawaf in Masjid Al-Haram around Kaba.jpg|350px|thumbnail|Performing Tawaf in [[Masjid al-Haram]] around [[Ka'ba]]]] | ||
'''Ṭawāf''' (Arabic:{{ia| الطواف}}) consists in seven turns of circumambulation around the [[Ka'ba]], which is one of the obligatory rituals of [[hajj]] and [['umra]]. Each turn of this circumambulation is called a "shawt". All kinds of hajj and 'umra have two tawafs: tawaf al-ziyarah (tawaf of pilgrimage) and [[tawaf al-nisa']] (tawaf of women), except [['umrat al-tamattu']] that does not involve tawaf al-nisa'. When one does not wear [[ihram]], they can also practice [[Mustahab]] tawafs. After each tawaf, two [[rak'a]]s of [[prayer]]s should be performed behind [[Maqam Ibrahim (a)]]. | '''Ṭawāf''' (Arabic:{{ia| الطواف}}) consists in seven turns of circumambulation around the [[Ka'ba]], which is one of the obligatory rituals of [[hajj]] and [['umra]]. Each turn of this circumambulation is called a "shawt". All kinds of hajj and 'umra have two tawafs: tawaf al-ziyarah (tawaf of pilgrimage) and [[tawaf al-nisa']] (tawaf of women), except [[al-'umrat al-tamattu']] that does not involve tawaf al-nisa'. When one does not wear [[ihram]], they can also practice [[Mustahab]] tawafs. After each tawaf, two [[rak'a]]s of [[prayer]]s should be performed behind [[Maqam Ibrahim (a)]]. | ||
There is no tawaf al-nisa' in the [[fiqh]] of [[Sunni]] Muslims. | There is no tawaf al-nisa' in the [[fiqh]] of [[Sunni]] Muslims. | ||
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==Historical Background== | ==Historical Background== | ||
Tawaf traces back to the period of the prophet [[Adam (a)]]. When he was banished from the Heaven, he went to the Ka'ba and circumambulated around it just as [[angel]]s circumambulate around the [['Arsh]] (Divine Throne). Tawaf was a tradition throughout the history and was an essential part of hajj. Even in the | Tawaf traces back to the period of the prophet [[Adam (a)]]. When he was banished from the Heaven, he went to the Ka'ba and circumambulated around it just as [[angel]]s circumambulate around the [['Arsh]] (Divine Throne). Tawaf was a tradition throughout the history and was an essential part of hajj. Even in the age of [[Jahiliyya]] before the emergence of Islam, people who entered [[Mecca]] or wanted to depart from Mecca, the first thing they did was the tawaf of the Ka'ba. They took it to be the most important way to become close to [[God]]. In that period, there was no specific time and place for tawaf; they went to a temple with idol inside, and circumambulated around it 7 times: poor people did this with naked foot, and rich people did it with shoes on. | ||
===Naked Tawaf=== | ===Naked Tawaf=== | ||
During the | During the age of Jahiliyya, some people practiced naked tawaf around the Ka'ba. Different reasons have been suggested for this practice in historical sources: | ||
* They intended not to circumambulate around the Ka'ba with clothes in which they committed [[sin]]s. | * They intended not to circumambulate around the Ka'ba with clothes in which they committed [[sin]]s. | ||
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Tawaf al-ziyarah is an essential component of hajj and 'umra. Although tawaf al-nisa' is obligatory, the hajj or 'umra will not be invalid by refraining from doing it. However, one would not be permitted to have enjoyment with his wife unless he (or his representative) practices tawaf al-nisa' and its prayer. | Tawaf al-ziyarah is an essential component of hajj and 'umra. Although tawaf al-nisa' is obligatory, the hajj or 'umra will not be invalid by refraining from doing it. However, one would not be permitted to have enjoyment with his wife unless he (or his representative) practices tawaf al-nisa' and its prayer. | ||
===Tawaf al-Ziyarah=== | |||
Tawaf al-ziyarah (Tawaf of pilgrimage) is an obligatory tawaf practiced in hajj and 'umra rituals. It is also called "al-tawaf al-awwal" (the first tawaf), "tawaf al-fard", "tawaf al-farida" (tawaf of obligation), and "tawaf al-rukn" (necessary tawaf). Here are some features of this tawaf: | Tawaf al-ziyarah (Tawaf of pilgrimage) is an obligatory tawaf practiced in hajj and 'umra rituals. It is also called "al-tawaf al-awwal" (the first tawaf), "tawaf al-fard", "tawaf al-farida" (tawaf of obligation), and "tawaf al-rukn" (necessary tawaf). Here are some features of this tawaf: | ||
* In al-'umrat al-mufrada, it is the second action practiced after [[ihram]] with ihram clothes. It can be done during the year, except the specific days of hajj. | * In al-'umrat al-mufrada, it is the second action practiced after [[ihram]] with ihram clothes. It can be done during the year, except the specific days of hajj. | ||
* In 'umrat al-tamattu', it is the second action done after ihram with ihram clothes. It should be done from [[Shawwal 1]] to [[Dhu l-Hijja 9]] ( | * In 'umrat al-tamattu', it is the second action done after ihram with ihram clothes. It should be done from [[Shawwal 1]] to [[Dhu l-Hijja 9]] ([[Day of 'Arafa]]). | ||
* In hajj, it is the 7th action done after [[Halq and Taqsir |halq or taqsir]] (shaving or shortening of hair and nails) on [[Dhu l-Hijja 10]] with migration from [[Mina]] to [[Mecca]]. It can also be done after the return from Mina ([[Dhu l-Hijja 12]]), but it is recommended to be done on the | * In hajj, it is the 7th action done after [[Halq and Taqsir |halq or taqsir]] (shaving or shortening of hair and nails) on [[Dhu l-Hijja 10]] with migration from [[Mina]] to [[Mecca]]. It can also be done after the return from Mina ([[Dhu l-Hijja 12]]), but it is recommended to be done on the Day of 'Arafa. This tawaf is done in clothes other than ihram, because after halq or taqsir, the pilgrim should take off his or her ihram clothes. This is called tawaf al-ziyarah (tawaf of pilgrimage) because after the practices of Mina on [[Eid al-Adha]], the pilgrim goes back to Mecca to visit the Ka'ba and practice tawaf, and then returns to Mina to practice the rest of the rituals. After this tawaf, it is permissible for the pilgrim to wear a perfume. | ||
===Tawaf al-Nisa=== | ===Tawaf al-Nisa=== | ||