Jump to content

Draft:Umar b. Qays al-Māṣir

Add links
From wikishia
'Umar b. Qays al-Masir
Full Name'Umar b. Qays b. Abi Muslim al-Masir
Companion ofImam al-Baqir (a)
TeknonymAbu l-Sabbah
Epithetal-'Ijli
Wellknown RelativesQays al-Masir (father), 'Abd Allah b. Qays al-Masir (brother)
Place(s) of ResidenceKufa


ʿUmar b. Qays al-Māṣir (Arabic: عمر بن قیس الماصر) was a Mutakallim (theologian) and Muhaddith (traditionist) of the 1st and 2nd centuries AH, reckoned among the companions of Imam al-Baqir (a). Narrations transmitted on his authority from Imam al-Baqir (a) appear in Shi'a sources, while other traditions are recorded in Sunni compilations.

'Umar b. Qays is identified as a prominent figure within the Murji'a and is credited as the first theorist of irja' (postponement); his Murji'ite orientation is well-documented in historical accounts. He maintained that sin does not expel an individual from the fold of faith; consequently, he characterized figures such as al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi as "misguided believers."

Heresiographers attribute the founding of the al-Masiriyya sect to 'Umar b. Qays. The group's tenets reportedly included belief in the createdness of the Quran and the restriction of the Caliphate to the Quraysh clan.

Accounts regarding his stance toward Shi'ism are contradictory. Some sources portray him as a defender of Imam 'Ali (a)'s status following the Prophet Muhammad (s), noting his inclusion in the chains of transmission for specific Mahdi-related narrations. Conversely, reports of his anti-Shi'a sentiment exist, including an instance where he and his supporters purportedly prepared four thousand questions to challenge Imam al-Baqir (a).

Sunni scholars generally deem 'Umar b. Qays trustworthy (thiqa); however, Shi'a biographical scholars regard him unfavorably, classifying him as weak (ḍaʿīf). Some have identified him with the Batriyya sect and have even cursed him.

Introduction

'Umar b. Qays al-Masir, also referred to as 'Amr,[1] was a Muhaddith[2] and theologian[3] active in the 1st and 2nd centuries AH. Al-Shaykh al-Tusi, followed by later scholars, listed him among the companions of Imam al-Baqir (a).[4]

He bore the teknonym (kunya) Abu l-Sabbah[5] and the epithet al-'Ijli.[6] His father, Qays al-Masir, is also reckoned among the companions of Imam al-Sadiq (a).[7] Qays reportedly constructed the first māṣir (water barrier)[8] on the Tigris and Euphrates upon the order of Imam 'Ali (a).[9] The appellation al-Masir is also applied to 'Umar b. Qays himself.[10]

He is considered a client (mawla) of the Kinda tribe,[11] specifically of Ash'ath b. Qays al-Kindi.[12] Dhahabi, a Sunni historian, associated him with the Thaqif tribe.[13] He resided in Kufa,[14] where local scholars transmitted traditions from him;[15] consequently, he is identified as Kufan[16] and bears the nisba al-Kufi.[17] Yunus b. Habib al-'Ijli, known as Abu Bishr, is counted among his descendants.[18]

Narrator of Hadith

Early Shi'a hadith sources contain few narrations transmitted by 'Umar b. Qays.[19] Only two traditions from Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (a) are recorded under the name 'Umar b. Qays[20] or 'Amr b. Qays;[21] additionally, a similar narration is attributed to him on the authority of Imam al-Sadiq (a).[22]

Similarly, Sunni sources contain few of his narrations; some scholars assert he transmitted only a single tradition from the Prophet Muhammad (s).[23] Nevertheless, his name appears in the chains of transmission (asānīd) within the Sihah al-Sitta,[24] the Musnad of Ahmad b. Hanbal,[25] and other authoritative Sunni hadith[26] and biographical works.[27]

Historical[28] and biographical[29] sources have documented his teachers and students in the transmission of hadith.

Reliability of 'Umar b. Qays

Sunni sources generally regard 'Umar b. Qays as trustworthy (thiqa);[30] however, some consider his father more prominent and reliable,[31] while others deem 'Umar unknown (majhūl).[32] In Shi'a sources, 'Umar b. Qays is generally viewed unfavorably[33] and considered weak (ḍaʿīf).[34] Works such as Rijal al-Kashshi,[35] Rijal al-Tusi,[36] and others[37] identify him with the Batriyya sect and note that he was cursed.[38]

Theological and Belief Aspects

'Umar b. Qays is reckoned among the theologians[39] and leading figures of the Murji'a,[40] and is even cited as the first theorist of irja'.[41] The Murji'ite orientation shared by him and his close associate Abu Hanifa[42] is reflected in contemporary poetry.[43] His narrations in both Shi'a and Sunni sources further evince his Murji'ite stance.[44]

In a dialogue with Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (a)[45] or Imam al-Sadiq (a),[46] 'Umar b. Qays argued that committing sins does not expel a person from the circle of faith. One report cites him referencing a conversation between Salman al-Farsi and Hudhayfa b. al-Yaman. In this account, Salman asks Hudhayfa to refrain from narrating traditions from the Prophet Muhammad (s) that involve the cursing or reviling of certain companions. Salman then alludes to a tradition from the Messenger of God (s) stating that God counts his cursing of specific companions as a prayer for them on the Day of Judgment.[47] 'Umar b. Qays went so far as to describe al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf as a "misguided believer."[48]

al-Nawbakhti in Firaq al-Shi'a and Sa'd b. Abd Allah al-Ash'ari al-Qummi in al-Maqalat wa l-firaq discuss a sect known as the al-Masiriyya. This group encompassed the Murji'a of Iraq, including Abu Hanifa and others considered followers of 'Umar b. Qays al-Masir.[49] Other sources attribute to them beliefs such as suspending judgment regarding the creation of the Quran and restricting the Caliphate exclusively to the Quraysh.[50]

'Umar b. Qays and Shi'ism

Historical reports concerning 'Umar b. Qays's attitude toward Shi'ism are inconsistent. Ibn Shahrashub attributes to him statements defending the status of Imam 'Ali (a) following the demise of the Prophet Muhammad (s),[51] and authors on Mahdaviyya, such as Ibn Tawus, include his name in the chains of transmission for certain Mahdi-related narrations.[52] It is also narrated that he and his relatives participated in the uprising of Abd al-Rahman b. Muhammad b. al-Ash'ath against al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf.[53]

Conversely, reports exist highlighting 'Umar b. Qays's anti-Shi'a stance. One account claims he and his associates prepared four thousand questions to challenge Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (a).[54] Furthermore, he and Abu Hanifa reportedly attended the deathbed of Sulayman b. Mehran al-A'mash, a companion of Imam al-Sadiq (a), urging him to repent for his statements regarding the virtues of Imam 'Ali (a).[55]

Ultimately, 'Umar and his brother 'Abd Allah are categorized among those who deviated from the path of the Ahl al-Bayt (a).[56] Some scholars have expressed surprise that Qays al-Masir, a prominent theologian among the companions of Imam al-Sadiq (a),[57] should have such progeny.[58]

References

Abū l-Shaykh, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad, Ṭabaqāt al-muḥaddithīn bi-Aṣbahān wa l-wāridīn ʿalayhā, Beirut, Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 2nd ed., 1412 AH. Abū Dāwūd, Sulaymān b. al-Ashʿath, Sunan Abī Dāwūd, Cairo, Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1420 AH. al-ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī, Ḥasan b. Yūsuf, Rijāl al-ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī, Qom, al-Sharīf al-Raḍī, 2nd ed., 1402 AH. Aṣbahānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAbd Allāh, Tārīkh Aṣbahān, Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1410 AH. Ashʿarī Qummī, Saʿd b. ʿAbd Allāh, al-Maqālāt wa l-firaq, Tehran, Markaz-i Intishārāt-i ʿIlmī-i Farhangī, 2nd ed., 1360 Sh. Baḥrānī, Sayyid Hāshim b. Sulaymān, al-Burhān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Qom, Muʾassasat al-Biʿtha, 1374 Sh. Basawī, Yaʿqūb b. Sufyān, Kitāb al-Maʿrifa wa l-tārīkh, edited by Akram Ḍiyāʾ al-ʿUmarī, Beirut, Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 2nd ed., 1401 AH. Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad, Tārīkh al-Islām wa wafayāt al-mashāhīr wa l-aʿlām, edited by ʿUmar ʿAbd al-Salām Tadmurī, Beirut, Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 2nd ed., 1413 AH. Farāhīdī, Khalil b. Aḥmad, Kitāb al-ʿAyn, Qom, Nashr-i Hijrat, 2nd ed., n.d. a group of scholars, al-Uṣūl al-sitta ʿashar, Qom, Muʾassasat Dār al-Ḥadīth al-Thaqāfiyya, 1423 AH. Ḥusaynī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī, al-Tadhkira bi-maʿrifat rijāl al-kutub al-ʿashara, Cairo, Maktabat al-Khānjī, 1418 AH. Ibn Dāwūd al-Ḥillī, Ḥasan b. ʿAlī, Rijāl Ibn Dāwūd, Qom, Manshūrāt-i Raḍī, n.d. Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī, al-Iṣāba fī tamyīz al-ṣaḥāba, edited by ʿĀdil Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Mawjūd & ʿAlī Muḥammad Muʿawwaḍ, Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1415 AH. Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, Beirut, Dār Ṣādir, 1325 AH. Ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad, Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, Beirut, Muʾassasat al-Risāla, 1416 AH. Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukarram, Lisān al-ʿArab, Beirut, Dār Ṣādir, 3rd ed., n.d. Ibn Qutayba, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muslim, al-Maʿārif, edited by Tharwat ʿUkāsha, Cairo, al-Hayʾat al-Miṣriyya al-ʿĀmma li-l-Kitāb, 2nd ed., 1992. Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭā, Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1410 AH. Ibn Shahrāshūb Māzandarānī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī, al-Manāqib, Qom, ʿAllāma, 1379 AH. Ibn Ṭāwūs, ʿAlī b. Mūsā, al-Tashrīf bi-l-minan fī l-taʿrīf bi-l-fitan, Qom, Muʾassasat Ṣāḥib al-Amr, 1416 AH. Ibn Ṭāwūs, ʿAlī b. Mūsā, al-Malāḥim wa l-fitan, Tehran, Islāmiyya, n.d. Ibn ʿAsākir, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan, Tārīkh Madīnat Dimashq, Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH. Kashshī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar, Ikhtiyār maʿrifat al-rijāl, Qom, Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt (a) li-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1404 AH. Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī, Tārīkh Baghdād, Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1417 AH. Khūʾī, Sayyid Abū l-Qāsim, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, n.p, 5th ed., 1413 AH. Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb, Al-Kāfī, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 4th ed., 1407 AH. al-Lajnat al-ʿIlmiyya fī Muʾassasat al-Imām al-Ṣādiq (a), Muʿjam ṭabaqāt al-mutakallimīn, Qom, Muʾassasat al-Imām al-Ṣādiq (a), 1424 AH. Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir, Biḥār al-anwār, Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 2nd ed., 1403 AH. Māmaqānī, ʿAbd Allāh, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl fī ʿilm al-rijāl, n.p, n.d. Māzandarānī Ḥāʾirī, Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl, Muntahā al-maqāl fī aḥwāl al-rijāl, Qom, Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt (a) li-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1416 AH. Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad, al-Amālī, Qom, Kongre-ye Shaykh Mufīd, 1413 AH. Namāzī Shāhrūdī, ʿAlī, Mustadrakāt ʿilm rijāl al-ḥadīth, Tehran, author's son, 1414 AH. Namāzī Shāhrūdī, ʿAlī, Mustaṭrafāt al-maʿālī aw muntakhab al-maqāl wa l-aqwāl fī ʿilm al-rijāl, Tehran, Muʾassasat Nabāʾ, 1422 AH. Nawbakhtī, Ḥasan b. Mūsā, Firaq al-Shi'a, Beirut, Dār al-Aḍwāʾ, 2nd ed., 1404 AH. Nūrī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad Taqī, Mustadrak al-wasāʾil wa mustanbaṭ al-masāʾil, Beirut, Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt (a) li-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1429 AH. Qummī Mashhadī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad Riḍā, Kanz al-daqāʾiq wa baḥr al-gharāʾib, Tehran, Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, 1368 Sh. Sāʿidī, Ḥusayn, al-Ḍuʿafāʾ min rijāl al-ḥadīth, Qom, Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1426 AH. Ṣāḥib b. ʿAbbād, Ismāʿīl b. ʿAbbād, al-Muḥīṭ fī l-lugha, Beirut, ʿĀlam al-Kutub, n.d. Samʿānī, ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Muḥammad, al-Ansāb, Hyderabad, Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya, 1382 AH. Ṣaffār, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan, Baṣāʾir al-darajāt fī faḍāʾil Āl-i Muḥammad (a), Qom, Ayatollah Mar'ashi Najafi Library, 2nd ed., 1404 AH. Al-Shaykh al-Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī, Man lā yaḥḍuruhu al-faqīh, Qom, Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 2nd ed., 1413 AH. Al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan, Rijāl al-Ṭūsī, Qom, Muʾassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 3rd ed., 1373 Sh. Shūshtarī, Muḥammad Taqī, Qāmūs al-rijāl, Qom, Muʾassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 2nd ed., 1410 AH.

  1. ↑ Shūshtarī, Qāmūs al-rijāl, 1410 AH, vol. 8, pp. 221-222; Māmaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, n.d., vol. 2, section 1, p. 347.
  2. ↑ Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, 1413 AH, vol. 8, p. 185; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 7, p. 490; Ḥusaynī, al-Tadhkira bi-maʿrifat rijāl al-kutub al-ʿashara, 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 1247.
  3. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 6, p. 329.
  4. ↑ Al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, Rijāl al-Ṭūsī, 1373 Sh, p. 142; al-ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī, Rijāl al-ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī, 1402 AH, p. 240; Khūʾī, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1413 AH, vol. 14, pp. 134-135.
  5. ↑ Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, 1413 AH, vol. 8, p. 184; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 7, p. 489; Ḥusaynī, al-Tadhkira bi-maʿrifat rijāl al-kutub al-ʿashara, 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 1247.
  6. ↑ Sāʿidī, al-Ḍuʿafāʾ min rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1426 AH, vol. 2, p. 465.
  7. ↑ Khūʾī, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1413 AH, vol. 14, p. 134; al-Lajnat al-ʿIlmiyya fī Muʾassasat al-Imām al-Ṣādiq (a), Muʿjam ṭabaqāt al-mutakallimīn, 1424 AH, vol. 1, p. 327; Māzandarānī Ḥāʾirī, Muntahā al-maqāl, 1416 AH, vol. 5, p. 138.
  8. ↑ Farāhīdī, al-ʿAyn, Qom, vol. 7, p. 147; Ṣāḥib b. ʿAbbād, al-Muḥīṭ fī l-lugha, Beirut, vol. 8, p. 177; Ibn Manẓūr, Lisān al-ʿArab, Beirut, vol. 4, p. 24, vol. 5, p. 177.
  9. ↑ Aṣbahānī, Tārīkh Aṣbahān, 1410 AH, vol. 2, p. 324; Abū l-Shaykh, Ṭabaqāt al-muḥaddithīn bi-Aṣbahān, 1412 AH, vol. 3, p. 45; Samʿānī, al-Ansāb, 1382 AH, vol. 12, p. 40.
  10. ↑ Māmaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, n.d., vol. 3, al-Kunā, pp. 67-68; Namāzī Shāhrūdī, Mustadrakāt ʿilm rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1414 AH, vol. 8, p. 540.
  11. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 6, p. 329.
  12. ↑ Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, 1413 AH, vol. 8, p. 184; Sāʿidī, al-Ḍuʿafāʾ min rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1426 AH, vol. 2, p. 465.
  13. ↑ Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, 1413 AH, vol. 8, p. 184; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 7, pp. 489-490.
  14. ↑ Samʿānī, al-Ansāb, 1382 AH, vol. 12, p. 41; Abū l-Shaykh, Ṭabaqāt al-muḥaddithīn bi-Aṣbahān, 1412 AH, vol. 3, p. 44.
  15. ↑ Samʿānī, al-Ansāb, 1382 AH, vol. 12, p. 41; Abū l-Shaykh, Ṭabaqāt al-muḥaddithīn bi-Aṣbahān, 1412 AH, vol. 3, p. 44.
  16. ↑ Baḥrānī, al-Burhān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, 1374 Sh, vol. 5, p. 145; Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, 1403 AH, vol. 24, p. 273; Qummī Mashhadī, Kanz al-daqāʾiq, 1368 Sh, vol. 12, p. 386.
  17. ↑ Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, 1413 AH, vol. 8, p. 184; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 7, p. 489; Ḥusaynī, al-Tadhkira bi-maʿrifat rijāl al-kutub al-ʿashara, 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 1247.
  18. ↑ Aṣbahānī, Tārīkh Aṣbahān, 1410 AH, vol. 2, pp. 324-325; Abū l-Shaykh, Ṭabaqāt al-muḥaddithīn bi-Aṣbahān, 1412 AH, vol. 3, pp. 44-46; Samʿānī, al-Ansāb, 1382 AH, vol. 12, pp. 40-41.
  19. ↑ Sāʿidī, al-Ḍuʿafāʾ min rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1426 AH, vol. 2, p. 468.
  20. ↑ Ṣaffār, Baṣāʾir al-darajāt, 1404 AH, vol. 1, p. 6; Kulaynī, Al-Kāfī, 1407 AH, vol. 1, p. 59.
  21. ↑ Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī, vol. 1, p. 6; Kulaynī, Al-Kāfī, 1407 AH, vol. 7, pp. 175-176; Al-Shaykh al-Ṣadūq, Man lā yaḥḍuruhu al-faqīh, 1413 AH, vol. 3, p. 356.
  22. ↑ Kulaynī, Al-Kāfī, 1407 AH, vol. 7, p. 175.
  23. ↑ Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, 1413 AH, vol. 8, p. 185.
  24. ↑ For example, see: Abū Dāwūd, Sunan Abī Dāwūd, 1420 AH, vol. 4, pp. 1192-1193.
  25. ↑ Ibn Ḥanbal, Musnad Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, 1416 AH, vol. 39, p. 110, vol. 41, p. 481.
  26. ↑ For example, see: Sāʿidī, al-Ḍuʿafāʾ min rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1426 AH, vol. 2, p. 468.
  27. ↑ For example, see: Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, al-Iṣāba, 1415 AH, vol. 3, p. 97.
  28. ↑ Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh Madīnat Dimashq, 1415 AH, vol. 52, pp. 124, 127; Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, 1413 AH, vol. 8, p. 185; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 7, p. 490.
  29. ↑ Ḥusaynī, al-Tadhkira bi-maʿrifat rijāl al-kutub al-ʿashara, 1418 AH, vol. 2, pp. 1247, 1282; Sāʿidī, al-Ḍuʿafāʾ min rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1426 AH, vol. 2, pp. 465-466; Khūʾī, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1413 AH, vol. 7, p. 102.
  30. ↑ For example, see: Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, 1413 AH, vol. 8, p. 185; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 7, p. 490; Basawī, al-Maʿrifa wa l-tārīkh, 1401 AH, vol. 3, p. 95.
  31. ↑ Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 7, p. 490.
  32. ↑ Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 7, p. 490.
  33. ↑ Sāʿidī, al-Ḍuʿafāʾ min rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1426 AH, vol. 2, p. 467.
  34. ↑ Māmaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, n.d., vol. 2, section 1, p. 336.
  35. ↑ Kashshī, Rijāl al-Kashshī, 1404 AH, pp. 219-221.
  36. ↑ Al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, Rijāl al-Ṭūsī, 1373 Sh, p. 142.
  37. ↑ Ibn Dāwūd al-Ḥillī, Rijāl Ibn Dāwūd, Qom, pp. 489-490; al-ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī, Rijāl al-ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī, 1402 AH, p. 240; Khūʾī, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1413 AH, vol. 14, p. 134.
  38. ↑ Nūrī, Mustadrak al-wasāʾil, 1429 AH, vol. 23, p. 46.
  39. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 6, p. 329.
  40. ↑ Ibn Qutayba, al-Maʿārif, 1992, p. 625.
  41. ↑ Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 7, p. 490.
  42. ↑ On the friendship between ʿUmar b. Qays and Abu Hanifa, see: Baḥrānī, al-Burhān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, 1374 Sh, vol. 5, p. 145; Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, 1403 AH, vol. 24, p. 273; Qummī Mashhadī, Kanz al-daqāʾiq, 1368 Sh, vol. 12, p. 386.
  43. ↑ Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Tārīkh Baghdād, 1417 AH, vol. 13, p. 377.
  44. ↑ Sāʿidī, al-Ḍuʿafāʾ min rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1426 AH, vol. 2, pp. 466-467.
  45. ↑ A group of scholars, al-Uṣūl al-sitta ʿashar, 1423 AH, pp. 293-294; with the expression "Ibn Qays al-Māṣir": Kulaynī, Al-Kāfī, 1407 AH, vol. 2, p. 285.
  46. ↑ Mufīd, al-Amālī, 1413 AH, pp. 21-22.
  47. ↑ Ibn Ḥanbal, Musnad Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, 1416 AH, vol. 39, p. 110; Abū Dāwūd, Sunan Abī Dāwūd, 1420 AH, vol. 4, pp. 1192-1193.
  48. ↑ Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh Madīnat Dimashq, 1415 AH, vol. 12, p. 187.
  49. ↑ Nawbakhtī, Firaq al-Shīʿa, 1404 AH, p. 7; Ashʿarī Qummī, al-Maqālāt wa l-firaq, 1360 Sh, p. 6.
  50. ↑ Sāʿidī, al-Ḍuʿafāʾ min rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1426 AH, vol. 2, p. 468.
  51. ↑ Ibn Shahrāshūb Māzandarānī, al-Manāqib, 1379 AH, vol. 1, p. 273.
  52. ↑ Ibn Ṭāwūs, al-Tashrīf bi-l-minan fī l-taʿrīf bi-l-fitan, 1416 AH, pp. 275, 347; al-Malāḥim wa l-fitan, Tehran, p. 179.
  53. ↑ Aṣbahānī, Tārīkh Aṣbahān, 1410 AH, vol. 2, p. 324; Abū l-Shaykh, Ṭabaqāt al-muḥaddithīn bi-Aṣbahān, 1412 AH, vol. 3, p. 44; Samʿānī, al-Ansāb, 1382 AH, vol. 12, p. 41.
  54. ↑ Rijāl al-Kashshī, pp. 219-221.
  55. ↑ Baḥrānī, al-Burhān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, 1374 Sh, vol. 5, p. 145; Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, 1403 AH, vol. 24, pp. 273-274; Qummī Mashhadī, Kanz al-daqāʾiq, 1368 Sh, vol. 12, p. 386.
  56. ↑ A group of scholars, al-Uṣūl al-sitta ʿashar, 1423 AH, p. 293, note 5.
  57. ↑ Māzandarānī Ḥāʾirī, Muntahā al-maqāl, 1416 AH, vol. 5, p. 138; al-Lajnat al-ʿIlmiyya fī Muʾassasat al-Imām al-Ṣādiq (a), Muʿjam ṭabaqāt al-mutakallimīn, 1424 AH, vol. 1, p. 327.
  58. ↑ Māmaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, n.d., vol. 2, section 1, p. 336.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikishia.net/w/index.php?title=Draft:Umar_b._Qays_al-Māṣir&oldid=204773"