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Tawaf: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Tawaf in Masjid Al-Haram around Kaba.jpg|350px|thumbnail|Performing Tawaf in [[al-Masjid al-Haram]] around [[Ka'ba]]]] | [[File:Tawaf in Masjid Al-Haram around Kaba.jpg|350px|thumbnail|Performing Tawaf in [[al-Masjid al-Haram]] around [[Ka'ba]]]] | ||
There is no tawaf al-nisa' in the [[ | '''Ṭawāf''' (Arabic:{{ia| الطواف}}) consists in seven turns of circumambulation around the [[Ka'ba]], which is one of the [[obligatory]] rituals of [[hajj]] and [['umra]]. Each turn of this circumambulation is called a "shawt". All kinds of hajj and 'umra have two tawafs: tawaf al-ziyarah (tawaf of pilgrimage) and [[tawaf al-nisa']] (tawaf of women), except [['umrat al-tamattu']] that does not involve tawaf al-nisa'. When one does not wear [[ihram]], they can also practice [[recommended]] tawafs. After each tawaf, two [[rak'a]]s of [[prayer]]s should be performed behind [[Maqam Ibrahim (a)]]. | ||
There is no tawaf al-nisa' in the [[jurisprudence]] of [[Sunni]] Muslims. | |||
==Lexicology== | ==Lexicology== | ||
The word "tawaf" means to surround something or to turn around something on foot. "Ta'if" (Arabic:{{ia| طائف}}; the subject-adjective form) refers to someone who turns around the house. In the terminology of [[ | The word "tawaf" means to surround something or to turn around something on foot. "Ta'if" (Arabic:{{ia| طائف}}; the subject-adjective form) refers to someone who turns around the house. In the terminology of [[jurisprudence]], "tawaf" refers to the circumambulation around the [[Ka'ba]]. | ||
In | In jurisprudence, "tawaf" around the [[Ka'ba]] is an obligatory ritual of [[hajj]]. The pilgrim should circumambulate around the Ka'ba seven times with certain conditions: one should start in each turn (shawt) from the [[Black Stone]] (al-Hajar al-Aswad) and finish with it. Tawaf consists in 7 "shawt"s (circles). | ||
==Historical Background== | ==Historical Background== | ||
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===Confines=== | ===Confines=== | ||
There is disagreement among scholars of [[ | There is disagreement among scholars of [[jurisprudence]] about the confines of the tawaf. Some people take it to be cloaser than [[Maqam Ibrahim]] to Ka'ba, which is 13 meters radius from the Ka'ba, and some take it to include the whole area of [[al-Masjid al-Haram]]. [[Hijr Isma'il]] is outside of the confines of tawaf so people should circumambulate around it, not through it. | ||
According to the former view, the confine of the tawaf around Hijr Isma'il is about 3 meters. When there is too much population for tawaf and it is difficult to practice it in this limited area, these scholars require that the shortest distance be observed. | According to the former view, the confine of the tawaf around Hijr Isma'il is about 3 meters. When there is too much population for tawaf and it is difficult to practice it in this limited area, these scholars require that the shortest distance be observed. | ||
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If we take the confines of tawaf to be the whole area of al-Masjid al-Haram or take it as permissible to practice the tawaf in areas more distant from Maqam Ibrahim (a) because of large populations, then the question arises that is it valid to do it on the second floor of al-Masjid al-Haram or the two-floor temporary metal constructions in the courtyard of the mosque. | If we take the confines of tawaf to be the whole area of al-Masjid al-Haram or take it as permissible to practice the tawaf in areas more distant from Maqam Ibrahim (a) because of large populations, then the question arises that is it valid to do it on the second floor of al-Masjid al-Haram or the two-floor temporary metal constructions in the courtyard of the mosque. | ||
Some Shiite and [[Sunni]] scholars of | Some Shiite and [[Sunni]] scholars of jurisprudence take this tawaf to be valid, and some people believe that if the constructions are higher than the ceiling of the Ka'ba, then it will be invalid. In 2015, it was reported that the second floor of al-Masjid al-Haram and the second floor of the metal construction in the courtyard are higher than the ceiling of the Ka'ba, while the first floor of the metal construction is lower than the ceiling. | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
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[[es:Tawaf]] | [[es:Tawaf]] | ||
[[id:Tawaf]] | [[id:Tawaf]] | ||
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[[Category:Fiqh terminology]] | [[Category:Fiqh terminology]] | ||
[[Category:Rites of hajj]] | [[Category:Rites of hajj]] | ||
[[Category:Umra]] | [[Category:Umra]] | ||