Al-Husayn b. al-Imam al-Kazim (a)
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| Well-Known As | Ala' al-Din, al-Mafqud |
|---|---|
| Father | Musa b. Ja'far (a) |
| Mother | Umm walad |
| Place(s) of Residence | Medina |
| Children | Abu al-Qasim and 'Ubayd Allah |
| Place of Burial | Tabas or Shiraz |
| Age | 24 or 25 |
Al-Ḥusayn b. Mūsā b. Jaʿfar (a) (Arabic:الحسين بن موسی بن جعفر) was one of the children of Imam Musa al-Kazim (a) and the brother of Imam al-Rida (a). He was among transmitters of hadiths and transmitted hadiths from Imam al-Kazim (a), Imam al-Rida (a), and his mother. According to a report, he loved Imam al-Jawad (a) more than other children of Imam al-Kazim (a). In some cities of Iran, there are shrines attributed to him, the most important one of which are in Shiraz and Tabas. In Shiraz, he is known as Ala' al-Din Husayn and in Tabas, he is known as Mafqud.
His Lineage and Origin
Father of al-Husayn was Imam Musa b. Ja'far (a) and his mother was umm walad (concubine).[1] In Bihar al-anwar, 'Allama Majlisi has narrated a report based on which his mother is considered among transmitters of hadiths too. His titles were Mafqud[2] and 'Ala' al-Din.[3] Maybe, the title of 'Ala' al-Din has been attributed to Husayn b. Musa (a) in late 4th century AH when adding "al-Din" to names has been common.[4]
| Some Imamzadas Buried in Iran | ||
|---|---|---|
| City/Province | From Imam's Descendant | Imamzada's Name |
His Position in Rijal and Hadith
Some scholars in rijal and hadith have considered Husayn b. Musa (a) among reliable transmitters of hadiths. He transmitted hadiths from his father, Imam Musa al-Kazim (a) and his own brother, Imam al-Rida (a).[5]
There are hadiths about "permissibility of Friday ghusl on Thursday in some cases",[6] "merits and benefits of putting henna",[7] "fear of the believers",[8] "financial and social situation of Ja'far b. 'Umar al-Alawi in the future",[9] "God's mercy in the actions' log of the believers",[10] "benefitting to the children of the Prophet (s)",[11] "paying workers"[12] the name of Husayn b. Musa (a) exist in the chain of their narration.
Also, in Qurb al-isnad, there is a hadith according to which, Imam al-Jawad (a) was asked which one of your uncles do more goodness toward you and he (a) answered, Husayn. Imam al-Rida (a) approved this when he (a) heard it.[13] Husayn considered Imam al-Jawad (a) the successor of the Prophet (s) and att he presence of Ali b. Ja'far (a), defended this idea in an argument with an Arab man. In another narration, he asks Imam al-Jawad (a) about his ring and Imam (a) answers, "This is the ring of prophet Sulayman (a)."[14]
His Martyrdom
At the time of martyrdom, he was almost a young man of 24 or 25 years old. However, another report suggests that he was martyred at the age of 13,[15] but historical evidences do not approve of it.
There are different reports about the way he was martyred.
Place of Burial
There are different opinions about the place of his burial. Some believe that he passed away in Kufa. Some consider Shiraz as the place of his burial. Some other say that he is buried in Tabas. In addition to Shiraz and Tabas, there are shrines attributed to him in Kerman, Behbahan, Qazvin, Sari and Kajur.[16]
Shiraz
On the account that Husayn b. Musa (a) was buried in Shiraz, he accompanied Shah Chiragh and his other brothers in the caravan that was going from Media to Khorasan to meet Imam al-Rida (a). The date of their departure is not exactly known. Given a hadith in Bihar al-anwar, the caravan departed for Iran after the martyrdom of Imam al-Rida (a), since Husayn b. Musa defended the Imamate of Imam al-Jawad (a) in Medina after Imam al-Rida's martyrdom.
The ruler of Fars tried to block the caravan's way to Khorasan, which led to a serious conflict and the martyrdom of the brothers. Sayyid Ala' al-Din Husayn hid in a garden, but once he was identified, he was martyred. According to al-Majlisi's report Sayyid Ala' al-Din hid after the martyrdom of his brother Ahmad b. Musa (a). When he was going to the garden, he was identified as being one of Banu Hashim and was murdered there.
According to Hamd Allah Mustawfi, Husayn b. 'Ali was buried in Shiraz. The view was held by Junayd Shirazi, 'Allama Majlisi, Bahr al-'Ulum in his book, Tuhfat al-'alim fi khutbat al-ma'alim, and Rawdati. His mausoleum is located in a few hundred meters away from the shrine of Shah Chiragh, and is visited by people of Shiraz and lovers of Ahl al-Bayt. The mausoleum is highly respected by people of Shiraz. It is frequently visited and crowded every Monday. In his Bihar al-anwar, Majlisi says,
- Ala' al-Din Husayn's mausoleum was hidden until the 8th/14th century. When Qutlugh was the ruler of Shiraz, his gardener saw a light going to the garden. He informed Qutlugh, and after a search, they found a grave in which there was an awesome, gorgeous, and glorious corpse. The corpse had a volume of the Qur'an in one hand, and a sword in another. Through evidence they found out that the grave was Husayn b. Musa's. Thus they built a dome and a portico around the grave.
Before 'Allama Majlisi, the story was recounted in Shadhdh al-azar by Junayd Shirazi and Shiraznama by Zarkub.
Tabas
There is a mausoleum attributed to Husayn b. Musa in Tabas as well. There is a letter from Imam al-Rida (a) to the ruler of Tabas in which the Imam talks about the loss of one of his brothers called Husayn in Tabas and asks the ruler to find him.
There were sadat living in Tabas who traced their ancestry back to the lost Husayn. In his Tahdhib al-ansab wa nihayat al-alqab, 'Ubaydili talks about these sadat who ask him about their genealogy but he could not answer because their ancestry is not known. Abu Nasr Sahl b. 'Abd Allah b. Dawud al-Bukhari traces them to Ahmad b. Musa, and not Husayn b. Musa.
His Children
Some scholars of genealogy believe that no children left after Husayn b. Musa (a).[17] However, some others including Jalma b. 'Inaba in 'Umdat al-talib and 'Abd al-Rahman Kiya in Siraj al-ansab mentioned Abu al-Qasim and 'Ubayd Allah among his children.[18] Some other sources have listed 'Abd Allah and Muhammad among his children as well.[19]
Notes
- ↑ Rajāʾī, al-Kawākib al-mashriqīyya, vol. 1, p. 724.
- ↑ Rajāʾī, al-Kawākib al-mashriqīyya, vol. 1, p. 724.
- ↑ Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 48, p. 312.
- ↑ ʿIrfānmanish, Muhājirān-i Musawī, p. 275.
- ↑ See: Ṣadūq, ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā, vol. 2, p. 353; Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 3, p. 76; vol. 6, p. 506.
- ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 3, p. 42.
- ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 6, p. 509.
- ↑ Ibn ʿUqda, Faḍāil Amīr al-muʾminīn, p. 116.
- ↑ Ṣadūq, ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā, vol. 2, p. 208.
- ↑ Ṭūsī, al-Amālī, p. 571.
- ↑ Ṭūsī, al-Amālī, p. 355.
- ↑ Ibn Ṭāwūs, Ṭuraf min al-anbāʾ wa l-manāqib, p. 187.
- ↑ Ḥimyarī, Qurb al-isnād, p. 378.
- ↑ Ibn Ṭāwūs, Saʿd al-suʿūd, p. 236.
- ↑ Khānmalik, Baḥr al-ansāb, p. 55.
- ↑ ʿIrfānmanish, Muhājirān-i Musawī, p. 280-283.
- ↑ Zarandī, Maʿārij al-wuṣūl, p. 153.
- ↑ Rajāʾī, al-Kawākib al-mashriqīyya, vol. 1, p. 724.
- ↑ ʿAbīdlī, Tahdhīb al-ansāb, p. 166.
References
- ʿAbīdlī, Muḥammad b. Abī Jaʿfar al-. Tahdhīb al-ansāb wa nihāyat al-aʿqāb. Edited by Maḥmūd Kāẓim al-Maḥmūdī. Second edition. Qom: Maktabat Āyatullāh Marʿashī al-Najafī, 1428 AH.
- Ḥimyarī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaʿfar al-. Qurb al-isnād. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt, 1413 AH.
- Ibn Ṭāwūs, ʿAlī b. Mūsā. Saʿd al-suʿūd li-l-nufūs al-manḍūd. Qom: Dār al-Dhakhāʾir, [n.d].
- Ibn Ṭāwūs, ʿAlī b. Mūsā. Ṭuraf min al-anbāʾ wa l-manāqib. Mashhad: Tāsūʿā, 1420 AH.
- Ibn ʿUqda, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad. Faḍāil Amīr al-muʾminīn. Qom: Dalīl-i Mā, 1424 AH.
- ʿIrfānmanish, Jalīl. Muhājirān-i Musawī. Tehran: Muʾassisa-yi Intishārāt-i Amīr Kabīr, 1391 Sh.
- Khānmalik, Mīrzā Muḥammad. Baḥr al-ansāb wa majmaʿ al-aʿqāb. Mumbai: [n.p], 1335 AH.
- Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. Al-Kāfī. Edited by Ghaffārī wa Ākhūndī. Fourth edition. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH.
- Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Biḥār al-anwār. Second edition. Tehran: Islāmīyya, 1363 Sh.
- Rajāʾī, Sayyid Mahdī al-. Al-Kawākib al-mashriqīyya. Qom: Maktabat Āyatullāh Marʿashī al-Najafī, 1380 Sh.
- Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā. Najaf: [n.p], 1390 AH.
- Ṭūsī, Muḥamamd b. al-Ḥasan al-. Al-Amālī. Qom: Dār al-Thiqāfa, 1414 AH.
- Zarandī, Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥamamd b. Yūsuf al-. Maʿārij al-wuṣūl ilā maʿrifat Āl al-Rasūl wa l-Batūl. Qom: Majmaʿ Iḥyāʾ al-Thiqāfa al-Islāmīyya, 1383 Sh.