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Draft:Ayah 4 of Surah al-Isra

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Ayah 4 of Surah al-Isra
Verse's Information
SuraSurah al-Isra' (Qur'an 17)
Verse4
Juz'15
TopicTwo major instances of corruption and rebellion by the Children of Israel


Qur'an 17:4 states that the Children of Israel will twice commit corruption and rebellion.[1] The subsequent verses (5, 6, and 7) elaborate on these episodes of transgression and the divine retribution that follows them.[2] However, the Quran does not explicitly detail the historical circumstances of these two events.[3]

Exegetes and historians have identified various historical events as fulfilling these two prophesied corruptions of the Children of Israel,[4] including the slaying of Prophet Zechariah (a) and Prophet John (a),[5] the conspiracy to kill Jesus (a),[6] as well as the oppression of the populace and the confiscation of property.[7] Although the Quran does not specify the agents of retribution, the invasion of Nebuchadnezzar and the destruction of Jerusalem are frequently cited as the divinely appointed punishments.[8] Muhammad Jawad Mughniyya notes that some scholars associate the second corruption and punishment with modern events in Palestine and the oppression of Muslims; however, Mughniyya himself rejects this interpretation.[9]

The term "qada'" in Qur'an 17:4 is interpreted to mean announcing[10] or informing,[11] while the "Book" mentioned in this verse is identified as the Torah.[12] Based on the context of the following verses, the term "the land" (al-ard) is understood to refer to the land of Palestine.[13] The references to corruption and "great height" ('uluww) achieved by the Children of Israel have been interpreted as signifying rebellion, defiance,[14] and oppression.[15] Notably, the Quran uses the same term for "height" ('uluww) in the land to describe the tyranny of Pharaoh.[16]

Some commentators regard this verse as an illustration of a universal Divine Sunna applicable to all people, including believers. This divine principle dictates that nations will inevitably face negative consequences[17] and divine punishment[18] for the corruption they instigate.

Notes

  1. ↑ Mughniyya, al-Tafsīr al-kāshif, 1424 AH, vol. 5, p. 15.
  2. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 12, p. 25.
  3. ↑ Ṭabarsī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 6, p. 615.
  4. ↑ Ḥusaynī Shāh-ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīmī, Tafsīr-i ithnā ʿasharī, 1363 Sh, vol. 7, p. 329.
  5. ↑ Ḥusaynī Shīrāzī, Tabyīn al-Qurʾān, 1423 AH, p. 294.
  6. ↑ Ṭabarsī, Jawāmiʿ al-jāmiʿ, 1377 Sh, vol. 2, p. 317.
  7. ↑ al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, al-Tibyān, Beirut, vol. 6, p. 448.
  8. ↑ Ṭabarsī, Jawāmiʿ al-jāmiʿ, 1377 Sh, vol. 2, p. 317.
  9. ↑ Mughniyya, al-Tafsīr al-kāshif, 1424 AH, vol. 5, p. 16.
  10. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 12, p. 25.
  11. ↑ al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, al-Tibyān, Beirut, vol. 6, p. 448.
  12. ↑ Fayḍ Kāshānī, Tafsīr al-ṣāfī, 1415 AH, vol. 3, p. 178.
  13. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 12, p. 25.
  14. ↑ Mughniyya, al-Tafsīr al-kāshif, 1424 AH, vol. 5, p. 16.
  15. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1417 AH, vol. 13, p. 39.
  16. ↑ Qur'an 28:4.
  17. ↑ Faḍl Allāh, Min waḥy al-Qurʾān, 1419 AH, vol. 14, p. 32.
  18. ↑ Sayyid Quṭb, Fī ẓilāl al-Qurʾān, 1412 AH, vol. 4, p. 2213.

References

  • Ḥusaynī Shāh-ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīmī, Ḥusayn b. Aḥmad, Tafsīr-i ithnā ʿasharī, Tehran, Mīqāt, 1st ed., 1363 Sh.
  • Ḥusaynī Shīrāzī, Sayyid Muḥammad, Tabyīn al-Qurʾān, Beirut, Dār al-ʿUlūm, 2nd ed., 1423 AH.
  • Sayyid Quṭb, Ibrāhīm Ḥusayn Shādhlī, Fī ẓilāl al-Qurʾān, Beirut & Cairo, Dār al-Shurūq, 17th ed., 1412 AH.
  • al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan, al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, introduction by Shaykh Agha Buzurg Tehrani, edited by Ahmad Qasir Amili, Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn, al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Qom, Islamic Publications Office, 5th ed., 1417 AH.
  • Ṭabarsī, Faḍl b. Ḥasan, Tafsīr jawāmiʿ al-jāmiʿ, Tehran, Tehran University Press, 1st ed., 1377 Sh.
  • Ṭabarsī, Faḍl b. Ḥasan, Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, introduction by Muhammad Javad Balaghi, Tehran, Nasir Khusraw, 3rd ed., 1372 Sh.
  • Faḍl Allāh, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn, Min waḥy al-Qurʾān, Beirut, Dār al-Malāk, 2nd ed., 1419 AH.
  • Fayḍ Kāshānī, Mullā Muḥsin, Tafsīr al-ṣāfī, edited by Husayn A'lami, Tehran, al-Sadr Publications, 2nd ed., 1415 AH.
  • Mughniyya, Muḥammad Jawād, al-Tafsīr al-kāshif, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1st ed., 1424 AH.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir, Tafsīr-i nimūna, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1st ed., 1374 Sh.
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