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Draft:Qur'an 4:48

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Qur'an 4:48
Verse's Information
Suraal-Nisa' (Qur'an 4)
Verse48
Juz'5
Content Information
Cause of
Revelation		Wahshi b. Harb
Place of
Revelation		Medina
AboutThe unforgivableness of Shirk and the possibility of forgiveness for other sins
Related VersesQur'an 4:116, Qur'an 39:53


Qur'an 4:48 declares that while any sin is subject to forgiveness, shirk (polytheism) is an unforgivable transgression.[1] In the exegesis Rawd al-jinan by Abu l-Futuh al-Razi, it is noted that while the sin of shirk is categorically unforgivable, other sins may be forgiven or punished contingent upon Divine Will (Mashiyya).[2] Furthermore, some scholars maintain that the forgiveness of sins other than shirk signifies the potential for forgiveness, rather than a certainty.[3]

Exegetes posit a thematic connection between this verse and the preceding passages, noting that as Jews and Christians were accused of harboring certain forms of polytheism, the Qur'an utilizes this verse to admonish them to renounce shirk, emphasizing its unforgivable nature.[4] The verse concludes by characterizing shirk as a baseless fabrication and a grievous sin.[5]

Scholars regard this verse, alongside Qur'an 4:116, as one of the most hopeful verses in the Qur'an,[6] as it proclaims the potential for forgiveness for all sins excluding shirk, thereby extending hope of Divine Mercy to monotheists.[7] According to Nasir Makarim Shirazi, verse 48 highlights the magnitude of the corruption of shirk from a divine perspective, whereas verse 116 emphasizes its detrimental consequences for humanity.[8] Exegetes view the repetition of this theme as an indication of the severity of the sin of shirk.[9]

Regarding the occasion of revelation, exegetical sources state that Qur'an 4:48 was revealed concerning Wahshi b. Harb and his companions. After killing Hamza and returning to Mecca, Wahshi expressed remorse for his actions and corresponded with the Prophet (s), which occasioned the revelation of this verse.[10]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ṭabāṭabā'ī, Al-Mīzān, 1390 AH, vol. 5, p. 83; Qurashī Bunābī, Tafsīr aḥsan al-ḥadīth, vol. 2, p. 377.
  2. ↑ Abu l-Futūḥ al-Rāzī, Rawḍ al-jinān, 1407 AH, vol. 6, p. 113.
  3. ↑ Qurashī Bunābī, Tafsīr aḥsan al-ḥadīth, 1375 Sh, vol. 2, p. 453.
  4. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1371 Sh, vol. 3, p. 409.
  5. ↑ Qarā'atī, Tafsīr nūr, 1388 Sh, vol. 2, p. 80.
  6. ↑ Qarā'atī, Tafsīr nūr, 1388 Sh, vol. 2, p. 163.
  7. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1371 Sh, vol. 3, p. 409.
  8. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1371 Sh, vol. 4, p. 133.
  9. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Jawāmi' al-jāmi, 1412 AH, vol. 1, p. 288; Bayḍāwī, Anwār al-tanzīl, 1418 AH, vol. 2, p. 97.
  10. ↑ Maybudī, Kashf al-asrār, vol. 2, p. 535.

References

  • Abu l-Futūḥ al-Rāzī, Ḥusayn b. 'Alī, Rawḍ al-jinān wa rawḥ al-janān fī tafsīr al-Qur'ān, Mashhad, Astan Quds Razavi, 1408 AH.
  • Bayḍāwī, 'Abd Allāh b. 'Umar, Anwār al-tanzīl wa asrār al-ta'wīl, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, 1418 AH.
  • Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. 'Umar, Tafsīr al-kabīr, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, 1420 AH.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir, Tafsīr-i nimūna, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1371 Sh.
  • Maybudī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad, Kashf al-asrār wa 'uddat al-abrār, Tehran, Amirkabir, 1371 Sh.
  • Miṣbāḥ Yazdī, Muḥammad Taqī, Rastgārān, Qom, Mu'assisa-yi Amuzeshi wa Pazhuheshi-yi Imam Khomeini.
  • Qarā'atī, Muḥsin, Tafsīr nūr, Tehran, Markaz-i Farhangi-yi Darsha-yi az Qur'an, 1388 Sh.
  • Qurashī Bunābī, 'Alī Akbar, Tafsīr aḥsan al-ḥadīth, Tehran, Bunyad-i Bi'that, 1375 Sh.
  • Ṭabāṭabā'ī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn, Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qur'ān, Beirut, Mu'assisa al-A'lami li-l-Matbu'at, 1390 AH.
  • Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. Ḥasan, Tafsīr jawāmi' al-jāmi, Qom, Hawza-yi 'Ilmiyya-yi Qom, 1412 AH.
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