Draft:Verse of Qadhf
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| Verse's Information | |
|---|---|
| Name | Ayat al-Qadhf |
| Sura | al-Nur (Qur'an 24:4) |
| Verse | 4 |
| Juz' | 18 |
| Topic | Ruling on accusing of Zina and Liwat |
| About | Accusing of Zina and Liwat without witnesses |
Qur'an 24:4, known as Ayat al-Qadhf (the Verse of false accusation of adultery), is the fourth verse of Sura al-Nur which states the ruling of Qadhf. Based on this verse, a person who accuses chaste women of Zina and does not produce four witnesses to support this claim is sentenced to the Hadd al-Qadhf (80 lashes) and their testimony can never accepted thereafter.
Name and Text of the Verse
According to the majority of jurists, the fourth verse of Sura al-Nur indicates Qadhf (accusation) of zina and sodomy, and states its prescribed punishment (hadd).[1]
| “ | وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ فَاجْلِدُوهُمْ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً وَلَا تَقْبَلُوا لَهُمْ شَهَادَةً أَبَدًا ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ
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| “ | And those who accuse chaste women and then do not produce four witnesses, lash them eighty [lashes] and do not accept their testimony ever. And it is they who are the defiantly disobedient..
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| — Qur'an 24:4 | ||
Qadhf and its Punishment
Qadhf refers to accusing someone of adultery or sodomy.[2] In this verse, the word "ramy" (accusing) has been used. Jurists have cited this verse to prove the hadd of Qadhf.[3]
The hadd of Qadhf is eighty lashes[4] which is established by the testimony of two upright men or two instances of confession by the accuser (Qadhif).[5] The testimony of a person who has accused another of Qadhf without presetting four witnesses to support their claim is not accepted.[6]
Notes
- ↑ See, for example: Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1362 SH, vol. 41, p. 402.
- ↑ Shahid al-Thani, al-Rawda al-Bahiyya, 1410 AH, vol. 9, p. 166; Abd al-Rahman, Mu'jam al-Mustalahat wa al-Alfaz al-Fiqhiyya, vol. 3, p. 74.
- ↑ Allama al-Hilli, Qawa'id al-Ahkam, 1413 AH, vol. 3, p. 547; Shahid al-Thani, al-Rawda al-Bahiyya, 1410 AH, vol. 9, p. 188.
- ↑ Allama al-Hilli, Qawa'id al-Ahkam, 1413 AH, vol. 3, p. 547; Shahid al-Thani, al-Rawda al-Bahiyya, 1410 AH, vol. 9, p. 188.
- ↑ Tusi, al-Nihaya, 1400 AH, p. 726; Allama al-Hilli, Qawa'id al-Ahkam, 1413 AH, vol. 3, p. 547.
- ↑ Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1362 SH, vol. 41, p. 37.
References
- Abd al-Raḥmān. Muʿjam al-muṣṭalaḥāt wa l-alfāẓ al-fiqhīyya. n.p., n.d.
- Ḥillī, Ḥasan b. Yūsuf al-. Qawāʿid al-aḥkām fī maʿrifat al-ḥalāl wa l-ḥarām. Qom: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1st edition, 1413 AH.
- Najafī, Muḥammad Ḥasan al-. Jawāhir al-kalām fī sharḥ sharāʾiʿ al-islām. Edited by Muḥammad Qūchānī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-turāth al-ʿarabī, 7th edition, 1362 SH.
- Shahīd al-Thānī, Zayn al-Dīn b. ʿAlī al-. Al-Rawḍa al-bahīyya fī sharḥ al-lumʿa al-dimashqīyya. Footnote and commentary by Kalāntar. Qom: Kitābfurūshī-yi Dāwarī, 1st edition, 1410 AH.
- Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. Al-Nihāya fī mujarrad al-fiqh wa l-fatāwā. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 2nd edition, 1400 AH.