'Abd al-Jalil al-Qazwini al-Razi

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'Abd al-Jalil al-Qazwini al-Razi
Personal Information
Full Name'Abd al-Jalil b. Abi l-Husayn b. Abi l-Fadl al-Qazwini al-Razi
Religious AffiliationTwelver Shi'a
BirthLate 5th/11th Century
ResidenceRey
Burial PlaceRey
Scholarly Information
StudentsMuntajab al-Din al-Razi
Worksal-Naqd, Al-Barahin fi Imama Amir al-Mu'minin (a) etc.
Socio-Political Activities
Socio-Political
Activities		He tried to respond to anti-Shi'a material in some books authored by Sunni scholars.


ʿAbd al-Jalīl b. Abī l-Ḥusayn b. Abī l-Faḍl al-Qazwīnī al-Rāzī (Arabic: عبدالجلیل بن ابی الحسین بن ابی الفضل القزوینی الرازی), who was born in Rey around the late 5th/11th century, was a scholar of jurisprudence and theology in the early 6th/12th century. al-Naqd is his most significant work due to its content (as it pertains to Shi'a beliefs) and the text (Persian prose). He had Muntajab al-Din al-Razi among his pupils.

Birth and Demise

'Abd al-Jalil was son of Abu l-Husayn b. Abu al-Fadl al-Qazwini. The exact date and place of his birth are not known, but there are evidences showing that he was born toward the end of the 5th/11th century. Regarding his writing of the famous book Tanzih Aisha in 533/1138-9, al-Barahin fi Imama Amir al-Mu'min (a) in 537/1142-3 and also his mentioning in al-Naqd that in 550/1155-6, he had a session of giving speech in his grand school, adds up to this possibility that he was a middle-aged person in these years and well-known in Rey and thus time of his birth can be estimated around the end of 5th/11th century.[1] 'Abd al-Jalil was originally from Qazvin, but due to living in Rey and being among the Shi'a scholars of that city, he was also called 'Abd al-Jalil al-Razi.[2]

The common stress of biographers speaking about the life 'Abd al-Jalil al-Razi is his writing of al-Naqd and have ignored about recording the exact date of his birth, death and other issues in his life.[3]

Education

There cannot be much found about the beginning of his education and also his teachers in references of biographies. Perhaps, he began his education from Qazvin and after moving to Rey, he completed his education there. In al-Naqd, he has mentioned about his studying under Awhad al-Din al-Qazwini (elder brother of 'Abd al-Jalil)[4] and Abu Mansur al-Muzaffar al-'Ibadi.[5] However, there are evidences suggesting that he also acquired knowledge from other scholars of that time such as Abu l-Wafa' 'Abd al-Jabbar Razi, Shaykh Mu'in al-Din Amir Ka'ijli, etc.[6]

Preaching

Most biographers have mentioned him as "al-Wa'iz" ["speaker"] and in his life, have stressed on his eloquence in making speeches.[7]

In the accounts of biographers, if a person is introduced as "Wa'iz", it would mean that he must have all the requirements including clarity, eloquence, logic, etc. for making speech and also pointing to the perfection of the person in the subject [i.e. making speech].

Many great personalities such as al-'Allama al-Majlisi, al-Shaykh Hurr al-'Amili in Amal al-Amil, Muhammad Baqir Khwansari in Rawdat al-Jannat, Shaykh 'Abd Allah Afandi Isfahani in Riyad al-'ulama, Shaykh 'Abd Allah Mamaqani in Tanqih al-maqal, Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi in Al-Fawa'id al-Radawiyya, etc. have described 'Abd al-Jalil as an eloquent speaker. Of course, they based their descriptions on Muntajab al-Din al-Razi's al-Fihrist and have often repeated his comments and have mentioned their own personal comments after quoting from al-Fihrist.

Among Sunnis

At the time of 'Abd al-Jalil, because of the Sunni power and government, most intra-faith conflicts led to problems for Shi'a. The struggles of 'Abd al-Jalil as one of the famous scholars of Rey was mostly directed toward the mentioned issue. Some of his writings show his efforts toward this issue.

In Rey, 'Abd al-Jalil was very much respected by Sunnis, so that some of his writings were referred to by Sunni scholars and copied by them and even wrote comments on them. About the faith of 'Umar, 'Abd al-Jalil has written some points which may be considered a moderation of the atmosphere between Shi'as and Sunnis.[8]

'Abd al-Jalil himself has also implicitly mentioned about his fame in Rey.[9]

Students

There cannot be a definitive view about the number of his students but it seems that the following ones were among his students:

Works

'Abd al-Jalil al-Qazwini was among experts in writing and some works which are mostly in theology have been attributed to him. His writings include:

Al-Naqd

Main article: Al-Naqd

The most important and most lasting role al-Qazwini has had in Shi'a history was writing a book to answer slanders and writings void of politeness, ethics and faith by a prejudiced Nasibi. Al-Qazwini wrote al-Naqd to reject Ba'd fara'id al-rawafid[12] written by a Sunni writer living in Rey in Muharram 555 January/February 1160[13] and apparently 'Abd al-Jalil was writing his book until 559/1163-4.[14]

Other Works

  • Al-Barahin fi Imama Amir al-Mu'minin (a):[15] he wrote this book in 537/1142-3 which contains the reasons for Imamate of Imam Ali (a).
  • Al-Su'alat wa al-jawabat (in 7 vols.)[16] is a collection of questions which he has answered in written forms.
  • Miftah al-raha fi funun al-hikayat (Miftah al-tadhkir).[17] In this book, he has explained about Shi'a beliefs regarding the ascetics, worshipers and commentators.[18]
  • Tanzih Aisha[19] which is about removing the attribute of adultery of Aisha and other wives of the Prophet (s) and proving their chastity.[20]

Notes

  1. ↑ Qazwīnī, al-Naqḍ, introduction by author, p. 23.
  2. ↑ Rafiʿī Qazwīnī, al-Tadwīn fī akhbār Qazwīn, vol. 2, p. 536.
  3. ↑ Rāzī, al-Fihrist, p. 87.
  4. ↑ Qazwīnī, al-Naqḍ, p. 459.
  5. ↑ Qazwīnī, al-Naqḍ, p. 522.
  6. ↑ Rāzī, al-Fihrist, p. 75; Afandī Iṣfahānī, Rīyāḍ al-ʿulamā, vol. 3, p. 72; Khāwnsārī, Rawḍāt al-jannāt, vol. 4, p. 189.
  7. ↑ Khāwnsārī, Rawḍāt al-jannāt, vol. 4, p. 189; Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ʾAmal al-āmil, vol. 2, p. 143; Mamaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, vol. 2, p. 134; Khoeī, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, vol. 9, p. 265; Afandī Iṣfahānī, Rīyāḍ al-ʿulamā, vol. 3, p. 72; Rafiʿī Qazwīnī, al-Tadwīn fī akhbār Qazwīn, vol. 2, p. 536.
  8. ↑ Qazwīnī, al-Naqḍ, p. 177.
  9. ↑ Qazwīnī, al-Naqḍ, p. 138-139, 451.
  10. ↑ Dawānī, Mafākhir Islām, vol. 4, p. 49.
  11. ↑ Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ʾAmal al-āmil, vol. 2, p. 338.
  12. ↑ Qazwīnī, al-Naqḍ, p. 2, 100.
  13. ↑ Qazwīnī, al-Naqḍ, p. 464.
  14. ↑ Qazwīnī, al-Naqḍ, introduction by author, p. 21-22.
  15. ↑ Āgā Buzurg Tihrānī, al-Dharīʿa, vol. 3, p. 78; Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ʾAmal al-āmil, vol. 2, p. 143; Mamaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, vol. 2, p. 134; Khoeī, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, vol. 9, p. 266; Afandī Iṣfahānī, Rīyāḍ al-ʿulamā, vol. 3, p. 71; Khāwnsārī, Rawḍāt al-jannāt, vol. 4, p. 189.
  16. ↑ Khoeī, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, vol. 9, p. 266; Khāwnsārī, Rawḍāt al-jannāt, vol. 4, p. 189; Afandī Iṣfahānī, Rīyāḍ al-ʿulamā, vol. 3, p. 71; Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ʾAmal al-āmil, vol. 2, p. 143; Mamaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, vol. 2, p. 134; Āgā Buzurg Tihrānī, al-Dharīʿa, vol. 12, p. 251.
  17. ↑ Afandī Iṣfahānī, Rīyāḍ al-ʿulamā, vol. 3, p. 71; Khoeī, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, vol. 9, p. 266; Khāwnsārī, Rawḍāt al-jannāt, vol. 4, p. 189; Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ʾAmal al-āmil, vol. 2, p. 143; Mamaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, vol. 2, p. 134; Āgā Buzurg Tihrānī, al-Dharīʿa, vol. 21, p. 323, 330.
  18. ↑ Rāzī, al-Fihrist, p. 261.
  19. ↑ Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ʾAmal al-āmil, vol. 2, p. 143; Mamaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, vol. 2, p. 134; Khoeī, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, vol. 9, p. 266; Afandī Iṣfahānī, Rīyāḍ al-ʿulamā, vol. 3, p. 71; Khāwnsārī, Rawḍāt al-jannāt, vol. 4, p. 189; Āgā Buzurg Tihrānī, al-Dharīʿa, vol. 24, p. 285.
  20. ↑ Afandī Iṣfahānī, Rīyāḍ al-ʿulamā, vol. 3, p. 72.

References

  • Afandī Iṣfahānī, ʿAbd Allāh. Rīyāḍ al-ʿulamā. Edited by Sayyid Aḥmad Ḥusaynī. Qom: Nashr-i Khayyām, 1401 AH.
  • Āgā Buzurg al-Tihrānī, Muḥammad Muḥsin. Al-Dharīʿa ilā taṣānīf al-shīʿa. 3rd edition. Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwāʾ, [n.d].
  • Āgā Buzurg al-Tihrānī, Muḥammad Muḥsin. Ṭabaqāt aʿlām al-Shīʿa; al-thiqāt al-ʿuyūn fī sādis al-qurūn. [n.d], Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1392 AH.
  • Dawānī, ʿAlī. Mafākhir Islām. 2nd edition. [n.p]. Intishārāt-i Markaz-i Asnād-i Inqilāb-i Islāmi, 1387 Sh.
  • Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ʾAmal al-āmil. Baghdad: Maktabat al-Andalus, 1385 AH.
  • Khoeī, Sayyid Abū l-Qāsim al-. Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth. Najaf: Manshūrāt Madīnat al-ʿilm Āyatullāh al-Khoeī, [n.d].
  • Khāwnsārī, Muḥammad Bāqir. Rawḍāt al-jannāt fī aḥwāl al-ʿulamāʾ wa al-sādāt. Qom: Nashr-i Ismāʿīlīyān, 1391 AH.
  • Mamaqānī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥasan. Tanqīḥ al-maqāl fī ʿilm al-rijāl. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Jahān, Būdharjmihr, [n.d].
  • Muḥaddith Armawī, Jalāl al-Dīn. Taʿlīqa al-Naqḍ. [n.p]. Intishārāt-i Anjuman-i Āthār-i Millī, 1358 Sh.
  • Qazwīnī, ʿAbd al-Jalīl. Al-Naqḍ. Edited by Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥaddith Armawī. Tehran: Anjuman-i Āthār-i Millī, 1358 Sh.
  • Rafiʿī Qazwīnī, ʿAbd al-Karīm. Al-Tadwīn fī akhbār Qazwīn. Edited by ʿAṭārudī, ʿAzīz Allāh. Tehran: Intishārāt-i ʿAṭārud, 1376 Sh.
  • Rāzī, Muntajab al-Dīn, ʿAlī b. ʿAbdullāh. Al-Fihrist. Edited by Jalāl al-Dīn Armawī. Qom: Kitābkhāna-yi Ayatullāh Marʿashī Najafī, 1366 Sh.
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