Event of Tahniya

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The Event of Tahniya (Arabic: قَضيَّة التَهنِئَة) or Congratulation is the event in which the companions of Prophet Muhammad (s), particularly Umar and Abu Bakr, congratulated Imam Ali (a) after his guardianship or mastership was declared by the Prophet (s) in the Event of Ghadir. This is taken as evidence for the rightfulness of Imam Ali (a) and the Prophet's (s) intention when he announced his succession on the Day of Ghadir.

The Expression of the Congratulation

The Event of Tahniya or Congratulation is the day when the companions of Prophet Muhammad (s) congratulated Imam Ali (a) after his guardianship was announced by the Prophet (s) on the Day of Ghadir (Dhu l-Hijja 18, 10/March 16, 632).[1] Umar b. al-Khattab congratulated him: "Well done, well done, O Ali! Today, you became my master and the master of all believing men and women."[2] In some sources, there is "Ibn Abi Talib"[3] or "Amir al-Mu'minin"[4] instead of "Ali." Moreover, in some sources, there is "Muslim men and women" instead of "believing men and women."[5] Umar's words were quoted by Ahmad b. Hanbal as follows: "Congratulations (hani'a), O Ibn Abi Talib! In this morning and evening, you became the master of all believing men and women."[6]

Who Congratulated Ali (a)

Abu Bakr, Umar b. al-Khattab, Talha, and Zubayr were among the companions who congratulated Ali (a) in Ghadir Khumm.[7] According to some authors, Abu Bakr and Umar did this at the command of the Prophet (s)[8] and after the admonition that opposition to comply with this command would mean to exit from Islam.[9] However, there are other texts in which Umar is said to be delighted,[10] or he congratulated Imam Ali (a) more vigorously than others,[11] or he is said to be the first[12] or one of the first people who congratulated Ali (a).[13]

According to a source, when Imam Ali's (a) guardianship was declared, Umar b. al-Khattab told the Prophet (s) that he saw a young man who said, "Only hypocrites would neglect this command by the Prophet (s)." The Prophet (s) told Umar that the young man was indeed Gabriel.[14]

Implications for Ali's (a) Imamate

Umar b. al-Khattab's congratulation to Imam Ali (a) is said to mean that the Prophet's (s) declaration on the Day of Ghadir was indeed a declaration of Ali (a) as his successor,[15] and as superior[16] and more learned than others.[17] According to al-Fayd al-Kashani, in this event, the Second Caliph addressed Ali (a) as "Amir al-Mu'minin."[18] In some texts, it is said that in later years, when Imam Ali (a) met Abu Bakr, he cited this congratulation as evidence for his right to the caliphate.[19]

The Time of the Event

Most sources say that the Prophet's (s) companions congratulated Imam Ali (a) on the Day of Ghadir.[20] According to some hadiths, when Imam Ali (a) was announced by the Prophet (s) as his successor on the Day of Ghadir, the Prophet (s) ordered the erection of a tent for Ali (a) so that his companions could go to him there and congratulate him.[21]

In some sources, the event is said to have occurred on the Day of Mubahala and the Brotherhood Agreement, when Umar b. al-Khattab congratulated Imam Ali (a) after his guardianship was announced by the Prophet (s).[22]

Notes

  1. ↑ Amīnī, Al-Ghadīr, vol. 1, p. 508.
  2. ↑ Hilālī, Kitāb Sulaym b. Qays, vol. 2, p. 829; Furāt al-Kūfī, Tafsīr furāt al-kūfī, p. 516; Mufīd, al-Irshād, vol. 1, p. 177.
  3. ↑ al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī al-ʿAskarī, p. 112; Khaṭīb Baghdādī, Tārīkh-i Baghdād, vol. 8, p. 284; Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq, vol. 42, p. 233.
  4. ↑ Khuṣaybī, al-Hidāya al-kubrā, p. 104.
  5. ↑ Ṣadūq, al-Amālī, p. 2; Khaṭīb Baghdādī, Tārīkh-i Baghdād, vol. 8, p. 284; Ibn Kathīr, al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya, vol. 7, p. 349.
  6. ↑ Ibn Ḥanbal, Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, vol. 30, p. 430.
  7. ↑ Ḥillī, al-Udad al-qawīyya, p. 183.
  8. ↑ al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī al-ʿAskarī, p. 112.
  9. ↑ Hilālī, Kitāb Sulaym b. Qays, vol. 2, p. 829.
  10. ↑ Irbilī, Kashf al-ghumma, vol. 1, p. 237.
  11. ↑ Mufīd, al-Irshād, vol. 1, p. 177; Ṭabrisī, Iʿlām al-warā, p. 133.
  12. ↑ Mufīd, Masār al-Shīʿa, p. 44; Baḥrānī, Madīnat maʿājiz, vol. 2, p. 269.
  13. ↑ Ibn Ṭāwūs, Ṭaraf min al-ʾAnbaʾ wa al-manāqib, p. 362.
  14. ↑ Shāmī, al-Durr al-naẓīm, p. 253.
  15. ↑ Karājakī, Kanz al-Fawāʾid, vol. 2, p. 96.
  16. ↑ Shāmī, al-Durr al-naẓīm, p. 268-269.
  17. ↑ Daylamī, Ghurar al-akhbār, p. 349.
  18. ↑ Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, Nawādir al-akhbār, p. 166.
  19. ↑ Daylamī, Irshād al-qulūb, vol. 2, p. 264; Khuṣaybī, al-Hidāya al-kubrā, p. 103-104.
  20. ↑ Hilālī, Kitāb Sulaym b. Qays, vol. 2, p. 828-829; Al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī al-ʿAskarī, p. 112; Furāt al-Kūfī, Tafsīr furāt al-kūfī, p. 516; Ṣadūq, Al-Amālī, p. 2; Mufīd, Al-Irshād, vol. 1, p. 175; Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq, vol. 42, p. 234.
  21. ↑ Hilālī, Kitāb Sulaym b. Qays, vol. 2, p. 829; Mufīd, al-Irshād, vol. 1, p. 176; Ṭabrisī, Iʿlām al-warā, p. 132.
  22. ↑ Ibn Baṭrīq, ʿUmdat ʿuyūn, p. 169; Ibn Shādhān, Al-Rawḍa, p. 76-77; Irbilī, Kashf al-ghumma, vol. 1, p. 328.

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