Sura al-Falaq: Difference between revisions
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Sura al-Falaq is 113th of the Qur’an. It is a Makki sura located in juz’ 30. Sura al-Falaq is one of the Four | {{about|'''Sura al-Falaq'''|other names of '''sura al-Falaq'''|Mu’awwidhatayn}} | ||
'''Sūra al-Falaq''' (Arabic: {{ia|سورة الفلق}}) is the 113th [[sura]] of the [[Qur’an]]. It is a [[Makki]] sura located in [[juz’]] 30. Sura al-Falaq is one of the [[Four Quls]]. In this sura, [[God]] orders the [[Prophet (a)]] to seek protection of God from every evil; especially, from the evil of the dark night, the evil of the witches and the evil of the envious ones. Suras al-Falaq and [[Sura al-Nas|al-Nas]] are called [[Mu’awwidhatayn]], because they are recited for seeking protection. About the merits of the recitation of sura al-Falaq, it is narrated that whoever recites the two suras of al-Nas and al-Falq is like a person who has recited all the books of divine prophets (a). It is also narrated that the Prophet (a) considered the two suras al-Nas and al-Falaq the most beloved suras before God. | |||
== Naming == | == Naming == | ||
This sura is called | This [[sura]] is called “al-Falaq” which is adopted from its verse. “Al-Falaq” means “daybreak”. Another name of this sura is “Mu’awwidha” which is derived from the verb “‘Awadha” meaning “to seek protection”. These two suras are also called Mushaqshaqatayn, because they are recited at the times of danger. | ||
{{See also|Mu’awwidhatayn}} | |||
== Place and order of revelation == | == Place and order of revelation == | ||
Sura al-Falaq is a Makki sura and the 20th sura revealed to the Prophet (a). In the current order of the Qur’an, this sura is 113th sura located in juz’ 30. | Sura al-Falaq is a [[Makki]] sura and the 20th [[sura]] [[Revelation|revealed]] to the [[Prophet (a)]]. In the current order of the [[Qur’an]], this sura is 113th sura located in [[juz’]] 30. | ||
== Number of verses and other characteristics == | == Number of verses and other characteristics == | ||
Sura al-Falaq has 5 verse, 23 words and 73 letters. Regarding volume, this sura is among Mufassalat suras. Sura al-Falaq is among the Four | Sura al-Falaq has 5 [[verse]], 23 words and 73 letters. Regarding volume, this sura is among [[Mufassalat]] suras. Sura al-Falaq is among the [[Four Quls]] which are the four suras beginning with “qul” [“say”]. | ||
== Content == | == Content == | ||
In sura al-Falaq, God orders the Prophet (a) to seek the protection of God from every evil; especially, from the evil of the dark night, the evil of the witches and the evil of the envious ones. According to Tafsir al-Mizan, “al- | In sura al-Falaq, [[God]] orders the [[Prophet (a)]] to seek the protection of God from every evil; especially, from the evil of the dark night, the evil of the witches and the evil of the envious ones. According to ''[[Tafsir al-Mizan]]'', “al-naffathat fi al-‘uqad” does not only refer to witches but also anyone who practices magic. According to ''[[Tafsir Nemuneh]]'', Sura al-Falaq teaches the prophet (a) to seek the protection of God from every evil and to trust in God. | ||
* Content: Seek the protection of God from the evil of beings | * Content: Seek the protection of God from the evil of beings | ||
# First point: introducing God the protection of Whom needs to be sought. | # First point: introducing God the protection of Whom needs to be sought. | ||
a. One needs to seek the protection of God Who creates beings out of non-existence. | a. One needs to seek the protection of God Who creates beings out of non-existence. | ||
# Second point: evils from which | # Second point: evils from which one needs to be sought protection of God | ||
a. First group: natural evils | a. First group: natural evils | ||
a. First example: all beings which harm human being | a. First example: all beings which harm human being | ||
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== Context of Revelation == | == Context of Revelation == | ||
About the context of revelation of this sura, there is a hadith mentioned in Sunni sources which Shi’a scholars have not accepted. In al-Durr al-manthur, which is a Sunni commentary, it is mentioned that a Jewish man practiced magic on the Prophet (a). Angel Gabriel went to the Prophet (a) and brought | About the context of revelation of this sura, there is a [[hadith]] mentioned in [[Sunni]] sources which [[Shi’a]] scholars have not accepted. In ''[[al-Durr al-manthur]]'', which is a Sunni commentary, it is mentioned that a Jewish man practiced magic on the Prophet (a). [[Angel]] [[Gabriel]] went to the Prophet (a) and brought [[Mu’awwidhatayn]] (suras al-Falaq and [[Sura al-Nas|al-Nas]]) to him and told him, “a Jewish man practiced magic on you” and that his spell is in such well. The Prophet (a) sent [[Imam 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a)|Imam Ali (a)]] to bring that spell. He (a) then ordered Ali (a) to untie those knots and for each knot, he (a) recited one of the verses of Mu’awwidhatayn. When the knots were all untied and the two suras were finished, the Prophet (a) regained his health. | ||
In Tafsir al-Mizan, ‘Allama Tabataba’i wrote that there is no reason for the Prophet (a) to be physically resistant to magic and would not become ill by magic; however, verses of the Qur’an suggest that the heart and mind of the Prophet (a) are safe from the magic and influence of satanic powers. | In ''Tafsir al-Mizan'', [[‘Allama Tabataba’i]] wrote that there is no reason for the Prophet (a) to be physically resistant to magic and would not become ill by magic; however, verses of the Qur’an suggest that the heart and mind of the Prophet (a) are safe from the magic and influence of [[Satan|satanic]] powers. | ||
== Exegetes’ Views about Magic == | == Exegetes’ Views about Magic == | ||
In the commentary of the verse four of sura al-Falaq, Sayyid Radi (d. 406 | In the commentary of the verse four of sura al-Falaq, [[Al-Sharif al-Radi|Sayyid Radi]] (d. [[406]]/1015-1016) wrote, “this (verse) is a metaphor and suggests seeking protection of God from the evil of women who use trickery to overturn the firm decisions of men (which are likened to knots due to decisions’ strength) and weaken men’s power by their trickery.” Some [[Sunni]] exegetes did not accept magic and [[evil eye]]. However, [[‘Allama Tabataba’i]] wrote that this verse and verse 102{{Enote|The verse's English translation by Shakir: And they followed what the Shaitans chanted of sorcery in the reign of Sulaiman, and Sulaiman was not an unbeliever, but the Shaitans disbelieved, they taught men sorcery and that was sent down to the two angels at Babel, Harut and Marut, yet these two taught no man until they had said, "Surely we are only a trial, therefore do not be a disbeliever." Even then men learned from these two, magic by which they might cause a separation between a man and his wife; and they cannot hurt with it any one except with Allah's permission, and they learned what harmed them and did not profit them, and certainly they know that he who bought it should have no share of good in the hereafter and evil was the price for which they sold their souls, had they but known this.}} of [[sura al-Baqara]] show that the [[Qur’an]] approves the reality of magic. | ||
== Merits and Benefits == | == Merits and Benefits == | ||
It is narrated from the Prophet (a) that whoever recites the two suras of al-Nas and al-Falaq is like someone who has recited all the books of divine prophets (a). It is narrated from Imam al-Baqir (a) that whoever recites the suras of | It is narrated from the [[Prophet (a)]] that whoever recites the two suras of [[Sura al-Nas|al-Nas]] and al-Falaq is like someone who has recited all the books of divine prophets (a). It is narrated from [[Imam Muhammad b. 'Ali al-Baqir (a)|Imam al-Baqir (a)]] that whoever recites the suras of [[Mu’awwidhatayn]] in three [[rak’a]]s of his [[night prayer]] ([[Shaf’ prayer|Shaf’]] and [[Watr prayer]]s), he will be told that, “O servant of God! The good news is for you that God accepted your Watr prayer.” It is reported that the Prophet (a) mentioned the two suras of al-Falaq and al-Nas are the most beloved suras before God. It is also reported from the Prophet (a) that whoever recites the suras [[Sura al-Ikhlas|Tawhid]], al-Nas and al-Falaq 10 times every night, it is as if he has recited the whole Qur’an and will be free of his sins like the day he is born of his mother and if he dies on that day or night, he dies a [[martyr]]. About the benefits of sura al-Falaq, it is reported that the Prophet (a) recited Mu’awwidhatayn to seek protection of God for [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]]. | ||
{{fulltext}} | {{fulltext}} | ||
==See also== | |||
* [[Sura al-Nas]] | |||
* [[Mu’awwidhatayn]] | |||
==Notes== | |||
{{notes}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
The material for this article is mainly taken from {{ia|[http://سوره%20فلق سوره فلق]}} in Farsi WikiShia. | The material for this article is mainly taken from {{ia|[http://سوره%20فلق سوره فلق]}} in Farsi WikiShia. | ||
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Revision as of 19:26, 2 January 2018
This article is an introduction to the Sura al-Falaq; to read its text see text:Sura al-Falaq. | |
| Sura Number | 113 |
|---|---|
| Juz' | 30 |
| Revelation | |
| Revelation Number | 20 |
| Makki/Madani | Makki |
| Information | |
| Verse Count | 5 |
| Word Count | 23 |
| Letter Count | 73 |
Sūra al-Falaq (Arabic: سورة الفلق) is the 113th sura of the Qur’an. It is a Makki sura located in juz’ 30. Sura al-Falaq is one of the Four Quls. In this sura, God orders the Prophet (a) to seek protection of God from every evil; especially, from the evil of the dark night, the evil of the witches and the evil of the envious ones. Suras al-Falaq and al-Nas are called Mu’awwidhatayn, because they are recited for seeking protection. About the merits of the recitation of sura al-Falaq, it is narrated that whoever recites the two suras of al-Nas and al-Falq is like a person who has recited all the books of divine prophets (a). It is also narrated that the Prophet (a) considered the two suras al-Nas and al-Falaq the most beloved suras before God.
Naming
This sura is called “al-Falaq” which is adopted from its verse. “Al-Falaq” means “daybreak”. Another name of this sura is “Mu’awwidha” which is derived from the verb “‘Awadha” meaning “to seek protection”. These two suras are also called Mushaqshaqatayn, because they are recited at the times of danger.
Place and order of revelation
Sura al-Falaq is a Makki sura and the 20th sura revealed to the Prophet (a). In the current order of the Qur’an, this sura is 113th sura located in juz’ 30.
Number of verses and other characteristics
Sura al-Falaq has 5 verse, 23 words and 73 letters. Regarding volume, this sura is among Mufassalat suras. Sura al-Falaq is among the Four Quls which are the four suras beginning with “qul” [“say”].
Content
In sura al-Falaq, God orders the Prophet (a) to seek the protection of God from every evil; especially, from the evil of the dark night, the evil of the witches and the evil of the envious ones. According to Tafsir al-Mizan, “al-naffathat fi al-‘uqad” does not only refer to witches but also anyone who practices magic. According to Tafsir Nemuneh, Sura al-Falaq teaches the prophet (a) to seek the protection of God from every evil and to trust in God.
- Content: Seek the protection of God from the evil of beings
- First point: introducing God the protection of Whom needs to be sought.
a. One needs to seek the protection of God Who creates beings out of non-existence.
- Second point: evils from which one needs to be sought protection of God
a. First group: natural evils a. First example: all beings which harm human being b. Second example: darkness of night b. Second group: human evils a. First example: evil people and witches b. Second example: the envious ones
Context of Revelation
About the context of revelation of this sura, there is a hadith mentioned in Sunni sources which Shi’a scholars have not accepted. In al-Durr al-manthur, which is a Sunni commentary, it is mentioned that a Jewish man practiced magic on the Prophet (a). Angel Gabriel went to the Prophet (a) and brought Mu’awwidhatayn (suras al-Falaq and al-Nas) to him and told him, “a Jewish man practiced magic on you” and that his spell is in such well. The Prophet (a) sent Imam Ali (a) to bring that spell. He (a) then ordered Ali (a) to untie those knots and for each knot, he (a) recited one of the verses of Mu’awwidhatayn. When the knots were all untied and the two suras were finished, the Prophet (a) regained his health. In Tafsir al-Mizan, ‘Allama Tabataba’i wrote that there is no reason for the Prophet (a) to be physically resistant to magic and would not become ill by magic; however, verses of the Qur’an suggest that the heart and mind of the Prophet (a) are safe from the magic and influence of satanic powers.
Exegetes’ Views about Magic
In the commentary of the verse four of sura al-Falaq, Sayyid Radi (d. 406/1015-1016) wrote, “this (verse) is a metaphor and suggests seeking protection of God from the evil of women who use trickery to overturn the firm decisions of men (which are likened to knots due to decisions’ strength) and weaken men’s power by their trickery.” Some Sunni exegetes did not accept magic and evil eye. However, ‘Allama Tabataba’i wrote that this verse and verse 102[1] of sura al-Baqara show that the Qur’an approves the reality of magic.
Merits and Benefits
It is narrated from the Prophet (a) that whoever recites the two suras of al-Nas and al-Falaq is like someone who has recited all the books of divine prophets (a). It is narrated from Imam al-Baqir (a) that whoever recites the suras of Mu’awwidhatayn in three rak’as of his night prayer (Shaf’ and Watr prayers), he will be told that, “O servant of God! The good news is for you that God accepted your Watr prayer.” It is reported that the Prophet (a) mentioned the two suras of al-Falaq and al-Nas are the most beloved suras before God. It is also reported from the Prophet (a) that whoever recites the suras Tawhid, al-Nas and al-Falaq 10 times every night, it is as if he has recited the whole Qur’an and will be free of his sins like the day he is born of his mother and if he dies on that day or night, he dies a martyr. About the benefits of sura al-Falaq, it is reported that the Prophet (a) recited Mu’awwidhatayn to seek protection of God for Imam al-Hasan (a) and Imam al-Husayn (a).
See also
Notes
- ↑ The verse's English translation by Shakir: And they followed what the Shaitans chanted of sorcery in the reign of Sulaiman, and Sulaiman was not an unbeliever, but the Shaitans disbelieved, they taught men sorcery and that was sent down to the two angels at Babel, Harut and Marut, yet these two taught no man until they had said, "Surely we are only a trial, therefore do not be a disbeliever." Even then men learned from these two, magic by which they might cause a separation between a man and his wife; and they cannot hurt with it any one except with Allah's permission, and they learned what harmed them and did not profit them, and certainly they know that he who bought it should have no share of good in the hereafter and evil was the price for which they sold their souls, had they but known this.
References
The material for this article is mainly taken from سوره فلق in Farsi WikiShia.